1、2015 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 GMO2 CFR3 ISBN4 AI5 BSE6 DNA7 GMS8 IMF9 NGO10 UNSCO11 the apple of ones eye12 the writing on the wall13 price floor14 variable cost15 Chancellor of the Exchequer汉译英16 易经17 雾霾指数18 中国译协19 清真食品20 城际列车21 联络口译22 海洋性气候23 国家发改委24 粗放型经济25 翻译硕士专业学位26 防止核扩散条约27 中国海洋石油总公司28 (网络
2、新词) 不作死就不会死29 中国外交部新闻发言人30 科教兴国战略和人才强国战略英译汉31 For some time past I had been ascending a low, broad, flat-topped hill, and on forcing my way through the undergrowth into the open I found myself on the level plateau, an unenclosed spot overgrown with heather and scattered furze bushes, with clumps of
3、fir and birch trees. Before me and on either hand at this elevation a vast extent of country was disclosed. The surface was everywhere broken, but there was no break in the wonderful greenness, which the recent rain had intensified. There is too much green, to my thinking, with too much uniformity i
4、n its soft, bright tone, in South Devon. After gazing on such a landscape the brown, harsh, scanty vegetation of the hilltop seemed all the more grateful. The heath was an oasis and a refuge; I rambled about in it until my feet and legs were wet; then I sat down to let them dry and altogether spent
5、several agreeable hours at that spot, pleased at the thought that no human fellow-creature would intrude upon me. Feathered companions were, however, not wanting. The crowing of cock pheasants from the thicket beside the old road warned me that I was on preserved grounds. Not too strictly preserved,
6、 however, for there was my old friend the carrion crow out foraging for his young. He dropped down over the trees, swept past me, and was gone. At this season, in the early summer, he may be easily distinguished, when flying, from his relation the rook (白嘴鸭). When on the prowl the crow glides smooth
7、ly and rapidly through the air, often changing his direction, now flying close to the surface, anon mounting high, but oftenest keeping nearly on a level with the tree tops. His gliding and curving motions are somewhat like those of the herring gull, but the wings in gliding are carried stiff and st
8、raight, the tips of the long flight-feathers showing a slight upward curve. But the greatest difference is in the way the head is carried. The rook, like the heron and stork, carries his beak pointing lance-like straight before him. He knows his destination, and makes for it; he follows his nose, so
9、 to speak, turning neither to the right nor the left. The foraging crow continually turns his head, gull-like and harrier (猎兔狗) -like, from side to side, as if to search the ground thoroughly or to concentrate his vision on some vaguely seen object. (404 words)汉译英32 沙博理给自己取了中文名字“沙博理” ，意思是 “博学明理”。195
10、11966 年间，沙博理共翻译了 111 部作品，发表在中国文学，总计 3237 页。“文革” 十年里，沙博理翻译了他最具影响力的水浒传，甚至把他卷入了一场同“四人帮” 的斗争。据他回忆，他的译本书名原为 Heroes of the Marsh，可是“四人帮” 觉得水浒传里的人物不能标榜为“heroes” ，要他更换书名。沙博理提出用 outlaws，看似贬义，他仍然认为是褒义的，可以应付“四人帮” 。这个 水浒传译本为沙博理赢得了极大声誉，他为此荣获中国文联颁发的“翻译终身成就奖” 。沙博理在青年时代接受的是美国教育，他的社会价值观和审美观自然带有美国特色。他后来的生活受到中国文化的影响，他
11、的自传和发言都流露出对中国的热爱，沙博理在其自传中说：“ 凤子对我而言不仅仅是妻子，她是中国不可分割的一部分，是流淌在中国和我之间一条不断的溪流，其间流淌着一个民族、一个文化、一个社会的精髓”。 (384 字)2015 年中国海洋大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 转基因生物(genetically modified organism)2 【正确答案】 成本加运费(Cost and Freight)3 【正确答案】 国际标准图书编号(International Standard Book Number)4 【正确答案】 人工智能(Artificial Intelligen
12、ce)5 【正确答案】 牛脑海绵状病，俗称疯牛病(Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)6 【正确答案】 脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid)7 【正确答案】 谷歌移动服务(Google Mobile Service)8 【正确答案】 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)9 【正确答案】 非政府组织(NonGovernmental Organization)10 【正确答案】 联合国教科文组织(United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organi
13、zation)11 【正确答案】 掌上明珠12 【正确答案】 凶兆；不祥之兆13 【正确答案】 价格下限14 【正确答案】 变动成本15 【正确答案】 财政大臣汉译英16 【正确答案】 The Book of Changes17 【正确答案】 haze index18 【正确答案】 Translators Association of China(TAC)19 【正确答案】 Halal Food20 【正确答案】 Intercity trains21 【正确答案】 liaison interpreting22 【正确答案】 maritime climate23 【正确答案】 National
14、Development and Reform Commission24 【正确答案】 extensive economy25 【正确答案】 Master of Translation and Interpreting(MTI)26 【正确答案】 Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons27 【正确答案】 China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)28 【正确答案】 no zuo no dieIf you dont do stupid things，they wont come bac
15、k and bite you in the ass29 【正确答案】 Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman30 【正确答案】 the strategy of reinvigorating the country through science and education and the strategy of strengthening the country through human resource development英译汉31 【正确答案】 相当长一段时间，我一直在攀登一座低矮宽阔的平顶小山；当我拨开灌丛，又出现在空地时，我已置身于一片平坦高地，四面
16、空旷，石南与零星荆豆杂生，其间也有几处稠密的冷杉桦木。在我面前以及高地两侧，弥望尽是一带旷野。那田垄地亩时有中断，唯独那惊人的青葱翠绿绵延不绝，由于新近降雨丰沛，那绿色愈发浓烈。依我看，南德文郡里的绿色未免过多，色调的柔和与亮度也过趋单一。在眼睛饱餍这种景色之后，山顶上那些棕褐刺目的稀疏草木反而给人一种爽心怡目之感。这块石楠地宛如一片绿洲与趋避之地；我在那里漫步许久，一直弄得腿脚淋湿；然后坐下来等脚晒干，就这样在这里愉快地度过了几个小时，高兴的是这里再没有人前来打搅。不过鸟类友伴并不缺乏。路边丛林间一只雄雉的鸣叫似乎已在警告我说我已闯入了禁猎地带。或许这里的禁猎并不严格，因为我看到我所熟识的乌
17、鸦出来为它的幼雏觅食。它在树上稍停了停，接着掠我而过，不见了踪影。在这个季节，即初夏时期，当飞起时，很容易区分乌鸦与它的近亲白嘴鸭。前者觅食时，在空中流畅而迅速的滑过，并不断地改变着方向，时而贴近地面，继而又升得很高，但一般保持着约与树齐的高度。它的滑翔与转弯动作与鲱鱼鸥略相似，只是滑翔时翅膀挺得直直，那长长的飞羽尖端呈现一条稍稍上翘的曲线。但最主要的区别在于飞行时的头部姿势。白嘴鸭，像苍鹭与鹤，总是将长矛般的利喙笔直地伸向前面。飞行时，它方向明确，毫不犹豫；直着飞，既不左顾，也不右盼。而那觅食的乌鸦则不停地转动头部，像海鸥或猎兔狗那样，忽而这边，忽而那边，仿佛在对地面进行彻底搜查，或集中其视
18、力于某个模糊难辨的事物。【试题解析】 本文选自威廉.亨利.赫德逊(William Henry Hudson)的散文林鸟(Birds)。英国博物学家兼作家赫德逊自幼酷爱自然，尤其喜欢观察鸟类的生活习惯，他的散文清新自然，朴实亲切。选段描述了他散步于野外的所见所闻，并从飞行习惯等方面比较了乌鸦、白嘴鸭、鲱鱼鸥等的不同之处，语言生动形象，文学性强，翻译时需要保持语言风格上的一致。汉译英32 【正确答案】 Sidney Shapiro adopted the Chinese name of Sha Boli, which means knowledgeable and sagacious. In th
19、e five years from 1951 to 1966, he translated and published in Chinese Literature a total of 111 pieces of works, equaling 3237 pages. During the decade of the Culture Revolution, he completed the translation of his most influential work Outlaws of the Marsh, which even dragged him into a dispute wi
20、th the “Gang of Four“ . As Shapiro recalled, the “Gang of Four“ thought that the original title Heroes of the Marsh improperly boosted the figures in the novel as “heroes“ , so they urged him to change it. To deal with the command from the “Gang of Four“, Shapiro suggested using “outlaws“ instead, w
21、hich is seeming derogative but in fact commendatory. His translation of Outlaws of the Marsh won a great reputation for him, therefore he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award in Translation by China Federation of Literary and Art Circles (CFLAC).Young Shapiro received his education in America.
22、 Naturally, his social value and aesthetic sense had American characteristics. He moved to China and was influenced by Chinese culture afterwards. Both his autobiography and speeches revealed his love for China. “Fengzi is more than my wife. As an inseparable part of China, she is like an endless br
23、ook running between China and me. In its midst flows the essence of a nation, culture and society. “ he wrote in his autobiography.【试题解析】 本文属于介绍类说明文体，简要介绍了著名翻译家沙博理的生平。沙博理(Sidney Shapiro)，华籍美裔犹太人，著名翻译家、作家， 1963 年，经周恩来总理批准加入中国国籍。1951 年起沙博理作为外国专家担任翻译和编辑，专事汉英翻译长达 50 年，为新中国文学翻译事业和对外文化交流做出了杰出贡献。他热爱中国、热爱中华文化，以“中国人”的文化身份解读所译中国作品，以“文化间”双重身份操作自己的翻译，以“英语读者”的视角把握译文表达，其翻译模式被称为“沙博理翻译模式”。
