1、2016 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 abusive translation 2 domesticating translation3 expressive text4 exegetic translation5 interlingual translation6 instrumental translation7 MAT8 metatext9 parallel corpora10 prospective translation11 prototext12 pseudotranslation13 third code14 universals of transl
2、ation15 untranslability汉译英16 后瞻式翻译17 接受语18 可比语料库19 回译20 描写翻译研究21 冗余22 术语库23 同声传译24 文化移植25 信息型文本26 异化翻译27 要旨翻译28 译后编译29 语义消歧30 语用翻译英译汉31 Just as the top EU official for migration was urging the White House to be “more generous“ in accepting Syrian refugees, Paris was struck by a series of attacks tha
3、t immediately boosted political opposition to his pitch. As in some other countries, the massacres have been co-opted by critics of refugee policy. The US in September agreed to accept 10,000 Syrian refugees over the next year, up from 1,500, under pressure from Europe. The fear that terrorists coul
4、d enter the US masked as refugees was exacerbated after a Syrian passport was found near the body of one of the attackers. Many of the Republican presidential contenders and other party members now want the White House to scrap or defer the Syrian refugee programme.32 Sigmund Freud has been out of t
5、he scientific mainstream for so long, its easy to forget that in the early 20th century he was regarded as a towering man of sciencenot, as he is remembered today, as the founder of the marginalized form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. At the start of his career, he wanted to invent a “science o
6、f the mind“ , but the Victorian tools he had were too blunt for the task. So he dropped the “science“ part and had his patients lie on a couch, free-associating about childhood, dreams and fantasies. This technique yielded the revolutionary notion that the human mind was a soap opera of concealed lu
7、st and aggression, of dark motives, self-deception and dreams rife with hidden meaning.33 The new planets size put it right on the edge between being rocky like Earth and being a fluffy gas ball like Neptune, according to according to studies of other such exoplanets. In an email, Jon Jenkins of NAS
8、As Ames Research Center, home of the Kepler project, and lead author of a paper being published in The Astronomical Journal, said the likelihood of the planets being rocky was 50 percent to 62 percent, depending on uncertainties in the size of its home star. Describing the planet during a news confe
9、rence, Dr. Jenkins lapsed into lines from John Keatss poem On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer; “ Then felt I like some watcher of the skies/ When a new planet swims into his ken.汉译英34 据一份新调查显示,阿里巴巴、中国银行和华为,是中国学生梦寐以求的公司。这项调查由北京的一家咨询公司发起,55 000 多名学生参与调查。结果显示,将近四分之一的学生希望在国际企业工作,只有 9的学生想在刚起步创业的公司工作,5的
10、学生想要自己创业。学生们表示,平衡工作与生活是自己最重要的事业目标,其次是工作稳定性。至于说最理想的公司,中国银行连续七年来当选为商科学生最理想的公司。35 孔子后半生离开官场,多年被迫流亡在外,一边教学,一边游玩。公元前479 年孔子逝世时,其对后世的影响当时并不明显,但是他的学说后来却备受推崇。孔子的思想被中国的海外移民和商人传往亚洲其他国家,最终传到了美国。在洛杉矶的中国城里,有座楼供孩子们放学后学习中文及中国文化。这座建筑名为孔子学院。36 李克强说中国已经做好准备和美国携手合作应对气候变化问题,而开发包括核能在内的清洁能源是一条非常重要的途径。他补充道,中国政府会助力中美双方开展第三
11、方市场核电合作,为全球可持续发展贡献力量。盖茨赞扬了中国积极应对气候变化,发展新能源产业取得的成就。他指出,美中两国企业强强联合,将有力加快技术创新和产业化进程,为全球特别是发展中国家实现可持续发展提供清洁、可靠、价格低廉的能源供给。2016 年北京航空航天大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 反常翻译;滥译2 【正确答案】 归化翻译3 【正确答案】 表达型文本4 【正确答案】 诠释性翻译5 【正确答案】 语际翻译6 【正确答案】 工具翻译7 【正确答案】 机器辅助翻译(Machineaided translation)8 【正确答案】 元文本9 【正确答案】 平行语料库1
12、0 【正确答案】 前瞻式翻译11 【正确答案】 原型文本12 【正确答案】 伪翻译13 【正确答案】 第三语码14 【正确答案】 翻译普遍性15 【正确答案】 不可译性汉译英16 【正确答案】 retrospective translation17 【正确答案】 receptor language18 【正确答案】 comparable corpora19 【正确答案】 back translation20 【正确答案】 descriptive translation studies21 【正确答案】 redundancy22 【正确答案】 term banks23 【正确答案】 simult
13、aneous interpretation24 【正确答案】 cultural transplant25 【正确答案】 informative text26 【正确答案】 foreignizing translation27 【正确答案】 gist translation28 【正确答案】 compilative translation29 【正确答案】 semantic disambiguation30 【正确答案】 pragmatic translation英译汉31 【正确答案】 就在欧盟负责移民事务的高级官员敦促美国政府“更大方地” 接收叙利亚难民之际,他的这一论调因巴黎遭受的一系列恐
14、怖袭击而在顷刻之间面临更强烈的政治反对。像其他一些国家一样,这一系列大屠杀在美国也成为难民政策批评者炒作的题材。09 月份,在欧洲的施压下,美国答应在接下来的一年里将接收叙利亚难民的数量从原先的 l500 名增加到 1 万名。在巴黎警方发现一名袭击者的尸体旁有一本叙利亚护照后,人们更加担心恐怖分子可能佯装成难民进入美国。目前,很多共和党总统参选人和其他党员都希望白宫取消或推迟收容 叙利亚难民的计划。【试题解析】 本文选自时事评论作家 Demetri Sevastopulo 与 Barney Jopson于 2015 年 11 月在金融时报上发表的一篇名为 Obama Criticizes Re
15、publicansAnti-migrants Stance 的时文。 2015 年 11 月 13 日,巴黎巴塔克兰剧院遭受恐怖袭击,事件造成至少 1 18 人死亡,一名歹徒的尸体旁出现一本叙利亚护照,继而影响了国际社会对叙利亚难民收容项目的态度。选段部分针对该事件阐述了美国的难民收容项目因这一系列事件而遭受的影响。在备考中考生要时刻关注国内外重大新闻事件,多参阅纽约时报金融时报等外文网站的相关社评,以这些材料为基础进行翻译练习。 32 【正确答案】 西格蒙德.弗洛伊德脱离主流科学的时间已经太久了,所以我们很容易忘记,在 20 世纪初,人们曾把他奉为科学界的翘楚而不像如今,大家只记得他创立的渐
16、受冷落的心理分析疗法。从业之初,弗洛伊德希望创建一种“意识的科学”,但他所掌握的维多利亚时代的科学手段太过生硬,所以无法完成这样一项任务。因此,弗洛伊德放弃了“科学” ,让他的患者躺在沙发上,围绕童年、梦境和臆想展开无拘无束的交流。这种疗法引出了一种革命性的观点,即:人的意识就是一部肥皂剧,既充斥着暗藏的欲望、敌对的心理,又充斥着邪恶的动机、自我欺骗和充满隐含意义的梦。【试题解析】 本文选自美国学者 Fred Guteri 在 Newsweek 上发表的名为 What Freud Got Right 的文章。文章在一定程度上从科学的角度肯定了弗洛伊德的精神分析理论,其中涉及相关的心理学专业词汇
17、,考生在备考翻译硕士时,应广泛阅读,选择各个学科领域的经典材料进行翻译练习。33 【正确答案】 根据对其他此类系外行星的研究推断,以这颗新行星的大小而论,它正好介于地球这样的岩石星球和海王星那样的气体星球之间。美国宇航局艾姆斯研究中心开普勒项目研究员,同时也是天体物理学报上即将刊发的一篇相关论文的第一作者乔恩.詹金斯在电子邮件中表示,该行星属于岩石构造的可能性为 50至 62,具体取决于其主星的大小。在新闻发布会上描述这颗行星时,詹金斯博士引用了约翰.济慈在初读查普曼译荷马有感中的诗句:“于是我有如夜观星象,忽见有新星游人眼底。”【试题解析】 本文选自 Dennis Overbye 于纽约时报
18、 上发表的一篇名为NASA Says Data Reveals Kepler 452b,an Eaah-Like Planet(NASA 宣布发现与地球相似的新行星)的文章。“开普勒 452b”环绕类似太阳的恒星运动,周期为385 天,只比地球上的一年略长,因此确定处在“宜居带”。本文涉及少量天文学知识,考生备考前需了解掌握。汉译英34 【正确答案】 Alibaba, Bank of China and Huawei are the dream employers for Chinese students, according to a new survey. The survey, invo
19、lving 55,000 students and conducted by a consulting company in Beijing, revealed that roughly one out of every four students want to work for an international company, while only nine percent want to work for a start-up and five percent want to start their own business. These students said that work
20、-life balance was the most important career goal, followed by job stability. When it comes to the most desirable company, Bank of China has been the top choice for business students for seven consecutive years.【试题解析】 本文选自一篇名为中国学生梦寐以求什么样的公司?的新闻报道。该报道根据优信咨询公司的调查客观地介绍了毕业生选择工作单位的倾向。文章中的信息以介绍客观事实为主,翻译时要着
21、重译文的准确性,尤其是数字的翻译。35 【正确答案】 Confucius left his government positions and spent years in forced exile, teaching and wandering. His later influence was not obvious at the time of his death in 479 B. C But his teachings gained adherents. His beliefs were carried by Chinese immigrants and merchants to oth
22、er Asian countries and eventually to the U. S. In L. A. s Chinatown, the building that houses after-school Chinese language and culture programs is named the Confucius School.【试题解析】 本段选自 Michael Wool 在洛杉矶时报上发表的名为 The Asian Edge?Its Confucius 的文章,主要介绍了孔子的思想流传到美国的经过以及洛杉矶孔子学院的信息。36 【正确答案】 Chinese premi
23、er Li Keqiang said China is ready to work with the U. S. to cope with climate change and developing clean energy, including nuclear power, is an important method. The Chinese government would support the two sides to conduct cooperation on nuclear power in third markets to contribute to global susta
24、inable development, he added. Bill Gates hailed the achievements made by China in coping with climate change and developing new energy industries. Gates said the combination of advantages of companies from the two countries could push forward technological innovation and the industrialization process, which could provide clean, reliable energy supply with low cost to developing countries to help them realize sustainable development.【试题解析】 2015 年 11 月,国务院总理李克强在北京会见了微软总裁比尔.盖茨,两人就中美两国合作应对气候变化问题进行了会谈。选段部分为对这次会见的新闻报道,其中包含个别长句,翻译前需要考生分清句子信息的轻重,抓住句子主干,灵活使用英语中的各种连接成分将逻辑关系显现出来。