1、2016 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 China has been all over the news with Augusts currency devaluation and the Shanghai Composites dramatic moves. Since then, investors and companies have been concerned about what exactly China means for growth prospects. Some have even attributed their weaker third-quar
2、ter numbers to it. But theres another, largely overlooked thing financiers should keep an eye on: China wants to get its renminbi into the International Monetary Funds reserve-assets classification known as the special drawing rights, or the SDR. And its inclusion or exclusion could have major ramif
3、ications in the global markets. On Wednesday, Lombard Street Research hosted a conference partially dedicated to analyzing the impact of Chinas liberalization on financial markets. Several speakers specifically mentioned Chinas desire for the yuans inclusion in the SDR as a key thing to watch. Thoug
4、h inclusion in the basket may not immediately strike investors and casual onlookers as that important, thats definitely not how China sees the situation, according to Diana Choyleva, Lombard Street Researchs chief economist and head of research. “The IMF is about to decide whether to include the yua
5、n in its SDR basket,“ she said at the event. “As far as Im concerned, if the yuan is accepted, and the omens are good now, this will mark the start of Chinas full integration into global financial markets.“ But if the yuan is not allowed in the SDR, Choyleva said: “The Chinese leadership is not goin
6、g to wait another five years for the West to deign to accept them. And they will not be so keen to be such a responsible global citizen. Because out of the major economies, the only currency thats seriously overvalued is the yuan, and thats the only one that hasnt engaged in any major effective deva
7、luation. . If the yuan is not accepted in the SDR, they will go for a one-off large devaluation and that would then be. a financial crisis, specifically, a real-economy crisis with the resulting impact on the.markets. This may seem sort of intense for a membership that doesnt even seem important to
8、Western investors. For China, however, getting the renminbi into a currency basket made up of the US dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen, and the British pound could indicate recognition of the currencys global political importance.“ (40% )2 Boasting is a kind of megalomania. Though moralists may cal
9、l it a human failing, it does, however, serve extremely useful purposes in social intercourse. Without the capacity for boasting, you will be looked down upon by even a rickshaw puller, to say nothing of finding a good job. Because of their earnest and down-to-earth approach to work, Westerners are,
10、 in the eyes of Chinese smartiers, next door to idiotic. They are being laughed at by Chinese smartiers for the tremendous amount of energy they put into their activities. While Westerners go about whatever work they do methodically and patiently, never dreaming of reaching great heights in one step
11、, we Chinese are always given to seeking a shortcut and regard the ability to boast as the master key to it. Boasting is an essential art of life just as hyperbole is an indispensable rhetorical figure. The Tang poet Li Bais famous lines “The Yellow River comes from the sky“ and “My white hair of th
12、irty thousand feet“ are examples of hyperbole, which, to those who know little about the art of rhetoric, may sound like a gross exaggeration on the part of the poet.That boasting is of extremely great use to one is beyond doubt Man is a queer animal. Suppose you tell someone the plain truth about a
13、 certain matter without holding anything back, he will probably laugh at you scornfully instead of returning a congenial response. On the other hand, suppose, penniless as you are, you brag unabashedly to somebody who knows little about you, “Minister So-and-So is a good friend of my fathers,“ “Poli
14、tician So-and-So is my grandpas sworn brother,“ “I know a certain business tycoon very well,“ or “My wife is a nominally adoptive sister of a certain warlords fifth concubine.“ The listener will adore you like a deity or may even, at an opportune moment, respectfully treat you to a big dinner featur
15、ing edible birds nest. (35%)汉译英3 一个受过良好教育、有知识或有胆识的人实在不可能把金钱作为他孜孜以求的主要目标，正如他不可能把吃饭当作最主要的目标一样。一切健康的人都吃得很香，但吃饭并不是他们生活的主要目标。同样道理，一切思想健康的人都想得到收入理所当然，并且为得到收入而由衷地高兴；然而他们生活的主要目标并不是钱，而是比钱更有价值的东西。例如，一个优秀的士兵总是想把仗打好。他为自己的薪饷感到高兴完全合乎情理；如果你扣发他十个月军饷，他当然要抱怨。然而他的生活要旨仍然是夺取战斗的胜利，而不是为了薪饷去打胜仗。 医生也是这样。他们当然都喜欢收诊费理所当然；然而，如果
16、他们是有胆识的、受过良好教育的，那他们生活的全部目标就不是为了收费。总的说来，他们都想把病人治好，而且如果他们是好医生，同时公平地要他们做出选择的话他们宁愿把病人治愈而得不到诊金，也不愿为了诊金却把病人治死。所有其他有胆识、受过正当培养的人也都是这样；对他们来说，工作是第一位的，报酬则是第二位的，虽然报酬总是非常重要的，但终究是第二位的。(40)4 既然书籍有不同的门类，如小说、传记、诗歌等，我们应该把它们区分开来，并从每种书中汲取它应当给我们提供的正确的东西；这话说起来固然容易，然而，很少有人要求从书籍中得到它们所能提供的东西。通常我们总是三心二意带着模糊的观念去看书：要求小说情节真实，要求
17、诗歌内容虚构，要求传记阿谀奉承，要求历史能加深我们自己的偏见。如果我们读书时能抛弃所有这些成见，那将是一个极可贵的开端。我们对作者不要指手画脚，而应努力站在作者的立场上，设想自己在与作者共同创作。假如你退缩不前，有所保留并且一开始就批评指责，你就在妨碍自己从你所读的书中得到最大的益处。然而，如果你能尽量敞开思想，那么，书中开头几句迂回曲折的华丽所包含的几乎难以觉察的细微的迹象和暗示，就会把你引入到一个与众不同的人物的面前去。如果你深入下去，如果你去认识这个人物，你很快就会领悟作者正在给你或试图给你某些明确得多的东西。(35)2016 年宁波大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案
18、】 由于 8 月份人民币贬值，上证综合指数剧烈波动，中国成为全球新闻的热点。此后，投资者与企业开始关注对于经济前景，中国的真实用意是什么。一些投资者和企业甚至将第三季度数据较低归咎于此。不过，金融家还应关注一件在很大程度上被忽略了的事，那就是：中国想要将人民币纳入国际货币基金组织的储备资产类别，即特别提款权。其成功与否可能会在全球市场中产生重大后果。周三，朗伯德街研究所举行会议，会议的部分宗旨在于分析中国放宽金融市场的影响。几位发言人特别指出，中国希望将人民币纳入特别提款权很关键，需要关注。据朗伯德街研究所的负责人和首席经济学家戴安娜.乔伊利瓦所说，虽然当下投资者和观望者也许认为纳入特别提款权
19、货币篮子并非如此重要，但中国绝不这样认为。“国际货币基金组织即将决定是否将人民币纳入特别提款权货币篮子，” 她在会上表示，“就我而言，如果人民币成功纳入，这是好事，将标志着中国开始全面融入全球金融市场。” 可是，如果人民币没能纳入货币篮子，乔伊利瓦说：“ 中国政府绝不会再等五年，等西方世界计划将其纳入。他们也将不会继续像现在一样热衷于履行其世界公民的职责。因为在所有的主要经济体中，唯一被估价过高的货币便是人民币，同时它还是唯一没有经历任何重大有效贬值的货币。”如果人民币没能纳入特别提款权，中国将会竭力实现一次性的大幅度贬值，而那将会导致一场金融危机，更确切地说，一场最终影响市场的实体经济危机。
20、仅为争取这样一个在西方投资者看来似乎并不重要的成员国身份，这一切似乎有点过激。然而，对中国而言，将人民币纳入一个由美元、欧元、日元和英镑构成的货币篮子将意味着人民币的全球政治意义受到了认可。”【试题解析】 本文选自 Elena Holodny 在 Business Insider 网站上发表的名为China Is on the Brink of a Major Milestone，and the Consequences for Global Markets Are Huge 的经济评论，客观地阐述了某些经济学家对中国想要将人民币纳入特别提款权货币篮子一事及其对世界市场的影响的看法。其中的一些
21、经济类专业术语需要考生在平时的学习中多加积累。考生应多阅读中国财经网站的一些经济评论，掌握经济类文章的表达特点，这样才能使翻译的语言更加专业、地道。2 【正确答案】 吹牛是一种夸大狂，在道德家看来，也许认为是缺点，可是在处事接物上却是一种呱呱叫的妙用。假使你这一生缺少了吹牛的本领，别说好饭碗找不到，便连黄包车夫也不放你在眼里的。西洋人究竟近乎白痴，什么事都只讲究脚踏实地去做，这样费力气的勾当，我们聪明的中国人，简直连牙齿都要笑掉了。西洋人什么事都讲究按部就班地慢慢来，从来没有平地登天的捷径，而我们中国人专门走捷径，而走捷径的第一个法门，就是善吹牛。吹牛是一件不可轻看的艺术，就如修辞学上不可缺少
22、“ 张喻 ”一类的东西一样，像李白什么 “黄河之水天上来”，又是什么“白发三千丈 ”，这在修辞学上就叫作 “张喻”，而在不懂修辞学的人看来，就觉得李太白在吹牛了。而且实际上说来，吹牛对于一个人的确有极大的妙用。人类这个东西，就有这么奇怪，无论什么事，你若老老实实地把实话告诉他，不但不能激起他共鸣的情绪，而且还要轻蔑你冷笑你，假使你见了那摸不清你根底的人，你不管你家里早饭的米是当了被褥换来的，你只要大言不惭的说“某部长是我父亲的好朋友，某政客是我拜把子的叔公，我认得某某巨商，我的太太同某军阀的第五位太太是干姐妹”吹起这一套法螺来，那摸不清你的人，便服服帖帖地向你合十顶礼，说不定碰得巧还恭而且敬地
23、请你大吃一顿燕菜席呢!【试题解析】 本文的原文是中文，出自现代中国女作家庐隐的经典散文吹牛的妙用。庐隐原名黄淑仪，又名黄英，笔名庐隐，福建人。她是五四时期著名的作家，与冰心、林徽因齐名，三人被并称为“福州三大才女”。本文的语言透露出明显的讽刺意味，因此翻译时要注意不可只注重文字的表面含义，要选用符合作者表达意图和语气的词句。汉译英3 【正确答案】 It is physically impossible for a well-educated, intellectual, or brave man to make money the chief object of his thoughts; a
24、s physically impossible as it is for him to make his dinner the principal object of them. All healthy people like their dinner, but their dinner is not the main object of their lives. So all healthy-minded people like making moneyought to like it and to enjoy the sensation of winning it; but the mai
25、n object of their lives is not money; it is something better than money.A good soldier, for instance, mainly wishes to do his fighting well. He is glad of his pay very properly so, and justly grumbles when you keep him ten months without it; still, his main notion of life is to win battles, not to b
26、e paid for winning them.So of doctors. They like fees no doubt ought to like them; yet if they are brave and well educated, the entire object of their lives is not fees. They, on the whole, desire to cure the sick , andif they are good doctors, and the choice were fairly put to themwould rather cure
27、 their patient and lose their fee than kill him and get it. And so with all other brave and rightly trained men; their work is first, their fee second, very important always, but still second.【试题解析】 本文的原文为英文，选自英国作家、艺术评论家、哲学家、教师和业余地质学家约翰.拉斯金(John Ruskin)创作的 野橄榄之冠(The Crown of Wild Olive)一书，选段主要阐述了“工作
28、高于金钱 ”的道理。4 【正确答案】 It is simple enough to say that since books have classesfiction, biography, poetrywe should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided min
29、ds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author;
30、try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness
31、, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【试题解析】 本文的原文是英文，选自英国著名现代女作家弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)的怎样读书 (How Should One Read a Book)一文，主要阐释了如何读书。中文版本对原文进行了结构整合，翻译时，考生需要在吃透每句话含义的基础上遣词造句，做到既忠实原文，又通顺畅达。
