1、2016 年暨南大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 Whenever possible, Ina _how well she speaks Japanese.（A）shows up（B） shows around（C） shows off（D）shows out2 As the director cant come to the reception, Im representing the company_.（A）on his account（B） on his behalf（C） for his part（D）in his interest3 The price
2、of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _are.（A）payments（B） charges（C） funds（D）prices4 The ball _two or three times before rolling down the slope.（A）swayed（B） bounced（C） hopped（D）darted5 He has been transferred to the University of Maryland M
3、edical Center and is waiting to _surgery.（A）undergo（B） unfold（C） underestimate（D）undertake6 We hold these truths to be self-_: that all men are created equal.（A）essential（B） eternal（C） evident（D）exquisite7 The bear clawed the hunter within _of his life.（A）close（B） reach（C） a space（D）an inch8 The thi
4、rd candidate is a_. Shes new to politics and is just beginning her campaign.（A）white elephant（B） dark horse（C） sleeper（D）big hit9 We go to the Summer Palace on foot_.（A）on purpose（B） on occasions（C） on behalf（D）on trial10 It was cloudy this morning, but it _fine.（A）turned on（B） turned over（C） turned
5、 up（D）turned out11 In his _to further knowledge of the universe, man has now begun to explore space.（A）attempt（B） expedition（C） trial（D）chase12 The bus moved slowly in the thick fog. We arrived at our _almost two hours later.（A）designation（B） destiny（C） destination（D）dignity13 The nuclear family _a
6、self-contained, self-satisfying unit composed of father, mother and children.（A）refers to（B） defines（C） describes（D）devotes to14 Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that elderly Americans are_ by social isolation and loneliness.（A）reproached（B） favored（C） plagued（D）
7、reprehended15 The Pacific island attracts shoals of tourists with its rich _of folk arts.（A）heritage（B） heredity（C） heroism（D）hermitage16 It is imperative that students _their term papers on time.（A）handing in（B） handed in（C） hand in（D）would hand in17 An old woman was badly hurt in _the police descr
8、ibe as an apparently motiveless attack.（A）that（B） which（C） what（D）whatever18 _on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.（A）If walking（B） While walking（C） Walking（D）When one is walking19 After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid o
9、n expanding education, with girls as well boys _to go to school.（A）to be encouraged（B） been encouraged（C） being encouraged（D）be encouraged20 Joan didnt go to the party last night because she _the baby for her sister until 9: 30.（A）must have looked after（B） would have to looked after（C） had to look a
10、fter（D）should have looked after21 We are going to London next month. This will be the first time I _there.（A）have traveled（B） travel（C） will travel（D）am traveling22 John is _hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.（A）no less（B） no more（C） not less（D）no so23 Americans eat _as they actu
11、ally need every day.（A）twice as much protein（B） twice protein as much twice（C） twice protein as much（D）protein as twice much24 Who _was coming to see me in my office this afternoon?（A）you said（B） did you say（C） did you say that（D）you did say25 She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a
12、little bit, _?（A）hadnt she（B） hasnt she（C） wouldnt she（D）didnt she26 _you _further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.（A）If; had（B） Have; had（C） Should; have（D）In case; had27 _we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.（A）Much as（B） As much（C）
13、More as（D）As well as28 Among the first to come and live in North America_, who later prospered mainly in New England.（A）had been Dutch settlers（B） Dutch settlers were there（C） were Dutch settlers（D）Dutch settlers had been there29 _there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith _the invitation to visit
14、 that area.（A）If he knew; would have declined（B） If he had known; would decline（C） Had he known; would decline（D）Had he known; would have declined30 In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could_.（A）hear somebody mourn（B） hear somebody mourning（C） hear somebody mourned（D）hear somebody had
15、 been mourning二、Reading Comprehension30 The head of the Library of Congress is to name Donald Hall, a writer whose deceptively simple language builds on images of the New England landscape, as the nations 14th poet laureate today.Mr. Hall, a poet in the distinctive American tradition of Robert Frost
16、, has also been a harsh critic of the religious rights influence on government arts policy. And as a member of the advisory council of the National Endowment for the Arts during the administration of George H. W. Bush, he referred to those he thought were interfering with arts grants as “bullies and
17、 art bashers.He will succeed Ted Kooser, the Nebraskan who has been the poet laureate since 2004.The announcement of Mr. Halls appointment is to be made by James H. Billington, the Librarian of Congress. Mr. Billington said that he chose Mr. Hall because of “the sustained quality of his poetry, the
18、reach and the variety of things he talks about.“ Like Mr. Kooser, Mr. Billington said,“ Mr. Hall evokes a sense of place.Mr. Hall, 77, lives in a white clapboard farmhouse in Wilmot, N. H., that has been in his family for generations. He said in a telephone interview that he didnt see the poet laure
19、ateship as a bully pulpit. “But its a pulpit anyway,“ he said. “If I see First Amendment violations, I will speak up.“Mr. Hall is an extremely productive writer who has published about 18 books of poetry, 20 books of prose and 12 childrens books. He has won many awards, including a national Book Cri
20、tics Circle Award in 1989 for “The One Day“, a collection.In recent years much of his poetry has been preoccupied with the death of his wife, the poet Jane Ken-yon, in 1995.Robert Pinsky, who was poet laureate from 1997 to 2000 said he welcomed Mr. Halls appointment, especially in light of his previ
21、ous outspokenness about politics and arts. “There is something nicely symbolic, and maybe surprising,“ Mr. Pinsky said, “that they have selected someone who has taken a stand for freedom. “The position carries an award of $ 35, 000 and $ 5, 000 travel allowance. It usually lasts a year, though poets
22、 are sometimes reappointed. 31 Donald Hall_.（A）uses simple English to express the images of the New England landscape（B） dislikes the idea of impacting government by the right side of the religion（C） is the 14th poet laureate appointed by the Congress（D）is a member of the advisory council of the Nat
23、ional Endowment for the Arts32 James H. Billington_.（A）likes the poems with great depth and width（B） speaks highly of poems in simple English rather than complex ones（C） prefers the poems with sustained style and expression（D）likes the poems with the knowledge of various things33 Which of the follow
24、ing is TRUE according to the passage?（A）Mr. Hall has published many books and magazines on poems.（B） Mr. Hall is a critic of literature in the U. S.（C） Mr. Hall has got many prizes for his talents in writing.（D）Mr. Hall has got support from his predecessors.34 What can be inferred from the passage?（
25、A）Mr. Hall loves his wife very much.（B） Mr. Hall takes the new appointment for granted.（C） Mr. Hall has got great ideas from his wife.（D）Mr. Hall may hold the position for another year.35 What is the best title for the passage?（A）A Guard for Politics and Arts（B） A New Poet Laureate（C） A Representati
26、ve for Freedom（D）The Winning of a Poet35 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words
27、 alone. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words. We dont always say what we mean or mean what we say. Sometimes our words dont mean anything exce
28、pt “Im letting off some steam. I dont really want you to pay close attention to what Im saying. Just pay attention to what Im feeling.“ Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner, “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy. “The owner says, “
29、Its been like that for years.“ Actually, the step hasnt been like that for years, but the unspoken message is; “I dont want to fix it. We put up with it. Why cant you?“ The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed through examining a message in terms of who said it, when it occur
30、red, the related conditions or situation, and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning. Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing. But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ord
31、ering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness. Some responses may be directly linked to a developing patte
32、rn of responses and defy logic. For example, a person who says “ No!“ to a serials of charges like “Youre dumb,“ “Youre lazy,“ and “Youre dishonest,“ may also say “No!“ and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is “ And youre good looking. “We would do well to listen for how messa
33、ges are presented. The words, “It sure has been nice to have you over,“ can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or repeated several times. And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly. Sometimes if we say something infrequentl
34、y it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.36 Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners, if_.（A）they use proper words to carry their ideas（B） they both speak truly of their own feelings（C） they try to understand
35、 each others ideas beyond words（D）they are capable of associating meaning with their words37 “Im letting off some steam“ in paragraph 1 means_.（A）Im just calling your attention（B） Im just kidding（C） Im just saying the opposite（D）Im just giving off some sound38 The house-owners example shows that he
36、actually means_.（A）the step has been like that for years（B） he doesnt think it necessary to fix the step（C） the condition of the step is only a minor fault（D）the cost involved in the fixing should be shared39 Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical, but are justifiable if_.（A）linked t
37、o an abnormal amount of assertiveness（B） seen as ones habitual pattern of behavior（C） taken as part of an ordering sequence（D）expressed to a series of charges40 The word “ ritualistically“ in the last paragraph equals something done_.（A）without true intention（B） light-heartedly（C） in a way of ceremo
38、ny（D）with less emphasis40 Cellular slime molds are extraordinary life forms that exhibit features of both fungi and protozoa, although often classed for convenience with fungi. At one time they were regarded as organisms of ambiguous taxonomic status, but more recent analysis of DNA sequences has sh
39、own that slime molds should be regarded as inhabiting their own separate kingdom.Their uniqueness lies in their unusual life cycle, which alternates between a feeding stage in which the organism is essentially unicellular and a reproductive stage in which the organism adopts a multicellular structur
40、e. At the first stage they are free-living, separate amoebae, usually inhabiting the forest floor and ingesting bacteria found in rotting wood, dung, or damp soil. But their food supplies are relatively easily exhausted since the cells movements are restricted and their food requirements rather larg
41、e.When the cells become starved of nutrition, the organism initiates a new genetic program that permits the cells to eventually find a new, food-rich environment. At this point, the single-celled amoebae combine together to form what will eventually become a multicellular creature. The mechanism by
42、which the individual members become a single entity is essentially chemical in nature. At first, a few of the amoebae start to produce periodic chemical pulses that are detected, amplified, and relayed to the surrounding members, which then move toward the pulse origin. In time, these cells form man
43、y streams of cells, which then come together to form a single hemispherical mass. This mass sticks together through the secretion of adhesion molecules.The mass now develops a tip, which elongates into a finger-like structure of about 1 or 2 millimeters in length. This structure eventually falls ove
44、r to form a miniature slug, moving as a single entity orienting itself toward light. During this period the cells within the mass differentiate into two distinct kinds of cell. Some become prestalk cells, which later form into a vertical stalk, and others form prespore cells, which become the spore
45、head.As the organism migrates, it leaves behind a track of slime rather like a garden slug. Once a favorable location has been found with a fresh source of bacteria to feed on, the migration stops and the colony metamorphoses into a fungus-like organism in a process known as “culmination.“ The front
46、 cells turn into a stalk, and the back cells climb up the stalk and form a spherical-shaped head, known as the sorocarp. This final fruiting body is about 2 millimeters in height. The head develops into spores, which are dispersed into the environment and form the next generation of amoebae cells. T
47、hen the life cycle is repeated. Usually the stalk disappears once the spores have been released.The process by which the originally identical cells of the slime mold become transformed into multicellular structures composed of two different cell types spore and stalk is of great interest to developm
48、ental biologists since it is analogous to an important process found in higher organisms in which organs with highly specialized functions are formed from unspecialized stem cells. Early experiments showed which parts of the slime mold organism contributed to the eventual stalk and which parts to th
49、e head. Scientists stained the front part of a slug with a red dye and attached it to the back part of a different slug. The hybrid creature developed as normal. The experimenters then noted that the stalk of the fruiting body was stained red and that the spore head was unstained. Clearly, the anterior part of the organism culminated in the stalk and
