1、管理类专业学位联考（英语）模拟试卷 6 及答案与解析一、Section II ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 The cellphone, a device we have lived with for more than a decade, offers a good exa
2、mple of a popular technologys unforeseen side effects. More than one billion are【 1】use around the world, and when asked, their【2】say they love their phones for the safety and convenience【3】provide. People also report that they are【4】in their use of their phones. One opinion survey【5】that “98 percen
3、t of Americans say they move away from【6】when talking on a wireless phone in public“【7】“86 percent say they never or rarely speak【8】wireless phones“ when conducting【9】with clerks or bank tellers. Clearly, there exists a【10】between our reported cellphone behavior and our actual behavior.Cellphone use
4、rsthat is to say, most of usare【11】instigators and victims of this form of conversational panhandling, and it【12】a cumulatively negative effect on social space. As the sociologist Erving Gotfman observed in another【13】, there is something deeply disturbing about people who are “【14】contact” in socia
5、l situations because they are blatantly refusing to【15 】to the norms of their immediate environment. Placing a cellphone call in public instantly transforms the strangers around you【16】unwilling listeners who must cede to your use of the public【17】a decidedly undemocratic effect for so democratic a
6、technology. Listeners dont always passively【18】this situation: in recent years, people have been pepper-sprayed in movie theaters,【19】from concert halls and deliberately rammed with cars as a result of 【20】behavior on their cellphones.（A）of（B） for（C） in（D）by （A）masters（B） owners（C） holders（D）invento
7、rs （A）they（B） who（C） that（D）which （A）careful（B） careless（C） courteous（D）cautious （A）expressed（B） exposed（C） discovered（D）found （A）other（B） others（C） the other（D）another （A）and tha（B） as for（C） whereas（D）on the contrary （A）on（B） by（C） via（D）from （A）act（B） actions（C） operations（D）transactions （A）limit
8、（B） gulf（C） river（D）boundary （A）either（B） neither（C） both（D）all （A）has（B） had（C） has had（D）had had （A）place（B） location（C） spot（D）context （A）in（B） out of（C） on（D）with （A）insist（B） adhere（C） continue（D）attach （A）and（B） in（C） into（D）from （A）space（B） phone（C） service（D）facility （A）have（B） find（C） recei
9、ve（D）accept （A）refused（B） ejected（C） rejected（D）repelled （A）good（B） poor（C） polite（D）rude 二、Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.20 Working at nonstandard t
10、imesevenings, nights, or weekendsis taking its toll on American families. One-fifth of all employed Americans work variable or rotating shifts, and one-third work weekends, according to Harriet B. Presser, sociology professor at the University of Maryland. The result is stress on familial relationsh
11、ips, which is likely to continue in coming decades.The consequences of working irregular hours vary according to gender, economic level, and whether or not children are involved. Single mothers are more likely to work nights and weekends than married mothers. Women in clerical, sales, or other low-p
12、aying jobs participate disproportionately in working late and graveyard shifts.Married-couple households with children are increasingly becoming dual-earner households, generating more split-shift couples. School-aged children, however, may benefit from parents nonstandard work schedules because of
13、the greater likelihood that a parent will be home before or after school. On the other hand, a correlation exists between nonstandard work schedules and both marital instability and a decline in the quality of marriages. Nonstandard working hours mean families spend less time together for dinner but
14、 more time together for breakfast. One-on-one interaction between parents and children varies, however, based on parent, shift, and age of children. There is also a greater reliance on child care by relatives and by professional providers.Working nonstandard hours is less a choice of employees and m
15、ore a mandate of employers. Presser believes that the need for swing shifts and weekend work will continue to rise in the coming decades. She reports that in some European countries there are substantial salary premiums for employees working irregular hourssometimes as much as 50% higher. The conven
16、ience of having services available 24 hours a day continues to drive this trend. Unfortunately, says Presser, the issue is virtually absent from public discourse. She emphasizes the need for focused studies on costs and benefits of working odd hours, the physical and emotional health of people worki
17、ng nights and weekends, and the reasons behind the necessity for working these hours. “Nonstandard work schedules not only are highly prevalent among American families but also generate a level of complexity in family functioning that needs greater attention, “ she says.21 Which of the following dem
18、onstrates that working at nonstandard times is taking its toll on American families?（A）Stress on familial relationships.（B） Rotating shifts.（C） Evenings, nights, or weekends.（D）Its consequences. 22 Which of the following is affected most by working irregular hours?（A）Children.（B） Marriage.（C） Single
19、 mothers.（D）Working women. 23 Who would be in favor of the practice of working nonstandard hours?（A）Children.（B） Parents.（C） Employees.（D）Professional child providers. 24 It is implied that the consequences of nonstandard work schedules are_.（A）emphasized（B） absent（C） neglected（D）prevalent 25 What i
20、s the authors attitude towards working irregular hours?（A）Positive.（B） Negative.（C） Indifferent.（D）Objective. 25 Most human beings actually decide before they think. When any human beingexecutive, specialized expert, or person in the streetencounters a complex issue and forms an opinion, often withi
21、n a matter of seconds, how thoroughly has he or she explored the implications of the various courses of action? Answer: not very thoroughly. Very few people, no matter how intelligent or experienced, can take inventory of the many branching possibilities, possible outcomes, side effects, and undesir
22、ed consequences of a policy or a course of action in a matter of seconds. Yet, those who pride themselves on being decisive often try to do just that. And once their brains lock onto an opinion, most of their thinking thereafter consists of finding support for it. A very serious side effect of argum
23、entative decision making can be a lack of support for the chosen course of action on the part of the “losing“ faction. When one faction wins the meeting and the others see themselves as losing, the battle often doesnt end when the meeting ends. Anger, resentment, and jealousy may lead them to sabota
24、ge the decision later, or to reopen the debate at later meetings. There is a better way. As philosopher Aldous Huxley said, “It isnt who is right, but what is right, that counts.“The structured-inquiry method offers a better alternative to argumentative decision making by debate. With the help of th
25、e Internet and wireless computer technology, the gap between experts and executives is now being dramatically closed. By actually putting the brakes on the thinking process, slowing it down, and organizing the flow of logic, its possible to create a level of clarity that sheer argumentation can neve
26、r march. The structured-inquiry process introduces a level of conceptual clarity by organizing the contributions of the experts, then brings the experts and the decision makers closer together. Although it isnt possible or necessary for a president or prime minister to listen in on every intelligenc
27、e analysis meeting, its possible to organize the experts information to give the decision maker much greater insight as to its meaning. This process may somewhat resemble a marketing focus group; its a simple, remarkably clever way to bring decision makers closer to the source of the expert informat
28、ion and opinions on which they must base their decisions.26 From the first paragraph we can learn that_.（A）executive, specialized expert, are no more clever than person in the street（B） very few people decide before they think（C） those who pride themselves on being decisive often fail to do so（D）peo
29、ple tend to consider carefully before making decisions 27 Judging from the context, what does the word “them“ (line 4, paragraph 2) refer to?（A）Decision makers.（B） The “losing“ faction.（C） Anger, resentment, and jealousy.（D）Other people. 28 Aldous Huxleys remark (paragraph 3) implies that_.（A）there
30、is a subtle difference between right and wrong（B） we cannot tell who is right and what is wrong（C） what is right is more important than who is right（D）what is right accounts for the question who is right 29 According to the author, the function of the structured-inquiry method is_.（A）to make decisio
31、n by debate（B） to apply the Internet and wireless computer technology（C） to brake on the thinking process, slowing it down（D）to create a level of conceptual clarity 30 The structured-inquiry process can be useful for_.（A）decision makers（B） intelligence analysis meeting（C） the experts information（D）m
32、arketing focus groups 30 Sport is heading for an indissoluble marriage with television and the passive spectator will enjoy a private paradise. All of this will be in the future of sport. The spectator(the television audience) will be the priority(优先) and professional clubs will have to readjust the
33、ir structures to adapt to the new reality: sport as a business. The new technologies will mean that spectators will no longer have to wait for broadcasts by the conventional channels. They will be the ones who decide what to see. And they will have to pay for it. In the United States the system of t
34、he future has already started: pay-as-you-view. Everything will be offered by television and the spectator will only have to choose. The review Sports Illustrated recently published a full profile of the life of the supporter at home in the middle of the next century. It explained that the consumers
35、 would be able to select their view of the match on a gigantic, flat screen occupying the whole of one wall, with images of a clarity which cannot be foreseen at present; they could watch from the trainers bench, from the stands just behind the batter in a game of baseball or from the helmet of the
36、star player in an American football game. And at their disposal will be the same options the producer of the recorded program me has: to select replays, to choose which camera to use and to decide on the soundwhether to hear the public, the players, the trainer and so on. Many sports executives, lar
37、gely too old and too conservative to feel at home with the new technologies, will believe that sport must control the expansion of television coverage in order to survive and ensure that spectators attend matches. They do not even accept the evidence which contradicts their view: while there is more
38、 basketball than ever on television, for example, it is also certain that basketball is more popular than ever. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams. This is true, but the future of those teams is also modest. They have reached their ceiling.
39、 It is the law of the market. The great events continually attract larger audiences. The world is being constructed on new technologies so that people can make the utmost use of their time and, in their home, have access to the greatest possible range of recreational activities. Sport will have to a
40、dapt itself to the new world. The most visionary executives go further. Their philosophy is: rather than see television take over sport, why not have sports taken over television? 31 What does the writer mean by the use of the phrase “an indissoluble marriage“ in the first paragraph?（A）Sport is comb
41、ined with television.（B） Sport controls television.（C） Television dictates sport.（D）Sport and television will go their own ways. 32 What does “they“ in line 2, paragraph 2 stand for?（A）broadcasts（B） channels（C） spectators（D）technologies 33 How do many sports executives feel with the new technologies
42、?（A）They are too old to do anything.（B） They feel ill at ease.（C） They feel completely at home.（D）Technologies can go hand in hand with sports. 34 What is going to be discussed in the following paragraphs?（A）The philosophy of visionary executives.（B） The process of television taking over sport.（C） T
43、elevision coverage expansion.（D）An example to show how sport has taken over television. 35 What might be the appropriate title of this passage?（A）The arguments of sports executives（B） The philosophy of visionary executives（C） Sport and television in the 21 century（D）Sport: a business 35 Convenience
44、food helps companies by creating growth; but what is its effect on people? For people who think cooking was the foundation of civilisation, the microwave is the last enemy. The communion(共享) of eating together is easily broken by a device that liberates household citizens from waiting for mealtimes.
45、 The first great revolution in the history of food is in danger of being undone. The companionship of the campfire, cooking pot and common table, which have helped to bond humans in collaborative living for at least 150,000 years, could be destroyed. Meals have certainly suffered from the rise of co
46、nvenience food. The only meals regularly taken together in Britain these days are at the weekend, among rich families struggling to retain something of the old symbol of togetherness. Indeed, the days first meal has all but disappeared. In the 20th century the leisure British breakfast was undermine
47、d by the cornflake; in the 21st breakfast is vanishing altogether, a victim of the quick cup of coffee in Starbucks and the cereal bar. Convenience food has also made people forget how to cook. One of the apparent paradoxes of modern food is that, while the amount of time spent cooking meals has fal
48、len from 60 minutes a day in 1980 to 13 minutes a day in 2002, the number of books and television program mes on cooking has multiplied. But perhaps this isnt a paradox. Maybe it is because people cant cook any more, so they need to be told how to do it. Or maybe it is because people buy books about
49、 hobbiesgolf, yachtingnot about chores. Cooking has ceased to be a chore and has become a hobby. Although everybody lives in the kitchen, its facilities are increasingly for display rather than for use. Mr. Silversteins new book, “Trading Up“, looks at mid-range consumers willingness to splash out. He says that industrial-style Viking cooktpos, with nearly twice the heat output of other ranges, have helped to push the “kitchen as theatre“ trend in home goods. They cost from $1,000 to $9,000. Some 75% of them are never used.
