1、管理类专业学位联考（英语）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、Section II ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.0 The role of governments in environmental management is difficult but inescapable. So
2、metimes, the state tries to manage the resources it owns, and does so badly. Often, (1) , governments act in an even more harmful way. They actually subsidize the exploitation and (2) of natural resources. A whole (3) of policies, from farm-price support to protection for coal-mining, do environment
3、al damage and (often) (4) no economic sense. Scrapping them offers a two-fold (5) : a cleaner environment and a more efficient economy. Growth and environmentalism can actually go hand in hand, if politicians have the courage to (6) the vested interest that subsidies create.No activity affects more
4、of the earths surface than farming. It shapes a third of the planets land area, not (7) Antarctica, and the proportion is rising. World food output per head has risen by 4 per cent between the 1970s and 1980s mainly as a result of increases in (8) from land already in (9) , but also because more lan
5、d has been brought under the plough. Higher yields have been achieved by increased irrigation, better crop breeding, and a (10) in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the 1970s and 1980s.All these activities may have (11) environmental impacts. For example; land clearing for agricultur
6、e is the largest single (12) of deforestation; chemical fertilizers and pesticides may (13) water supplies; more intensive farming and the abandonment of fallow periods (14) exacerbate soil erosion; and the spread of monoculture and use of high-yielding varieties of crops have been accompanied by th
7、e (15) of old varieties of food plants which (16) some insurance against pests or diseases in future. Soil erosion threatens the productivity of land in both rich and poor countries. The United States, (17) the most careful measurements have been done, discovered in 1982 that about one-fifth of its
8、farmland was losing topsoil at a rate (18) to diminish the soils productivity. The country subsequently (19) a program to convert 11 per cent of its cropped land to meadow or forest. Topsoil in India and China is (20) much faster than in America.（A）however（B） therefore（C） but（D）hence（A）conjunction（B
9、） compensation（C） consumption（D）constitution（A）area（B） range（C） scope（D）field（A）take（B） hold（C） lose（D）make（A）profit（B） bonus（C） benefit（D）prize（A）confront（B） confine（C） conform（D）confuse（A）thinking（B） considering（C） longing（D）counting（A）outputs（B） supplies（C） yields（D）outcomes（A）revolution（B） civil
10、ization（C） reservation（D）cultivation（A）doubling（B） reducing（C） dismissing（D）repeating（A）destroying（B） damaging（C） injuring（D）ruining（A）excuse（B） justification（C） cause（D）ground（A）purify（B） clean（C） dirty（D）contaminate（A）come to（B） bring to（C） tend to（D）stand to（A）disappearance（B） discovery（C） dispos
11、ition（D）disturbance（A）must have been provided（B） might have provided（C） must have provided（D）might have been provided（A）when（B） while（C） which（D）where（A）probable（B） capable（C） likely（D）hopeful（A）set up（B） take up（C） build up（D）make up（A）vanishing（B） staying（C） appearing（D）dissolving二、Section III Rea
12、ding ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.20 Is it possible that the ideas we have today about ownership and property rights have been so universal in the human mind that it is
13、 truly as if they had sprung from the mind of God? By no means. The idea of owning and property emerged in the mists of unrecorded history. The ancient Jews, for one, had a very different outlook on property and ownership, viewing it as something much more temporary and tentative than we do.The idea
14、s we have in America about the private ownership of productive property as a natural and universal right of mankind, perhaps of divine origin, are by no means universal and must be viewed as an invention of man rather than an order of God. Of course, we are completely trained to accept the idea of o
15、wnership of the earth and its products, raw and transformed. It seems not at all strange, in fact, it is quite difficult to imagine a society without such arrangements. If someone, some individuals, didnt own that plot of land, that house, that factory, that machine, that tower of wheat, how would w
16、e function? What would the rules be? Whom would we buy from and how would we sell?It is important to acknowledge a significant difference between achieving ownership simply by taking or claiming property and owning what we tend to call the “fruit of labor.“ If I, alone or together with my family, wo
17、rk on the land and raise crops, or if I make something useful out of natural material, it seems reasonable and fair to claim that the crops or the objects belong to me or my family, are my property, at least in the sense that I have first claim on them. Hardly anyone would dispute that. In fact, som
18、e of the early radical workingmens movements made (an ownership) claim on those very grounds. As industrial organization became more complex, however, such issues became vastly more intricate. It must be clear that in modern society the social heritage of knowledge and technology and the social orga
19、nization of manufacture and exchange account for far more of the productivity of industry and the value of what is produced than can be accounted for by the labor of any number of individuals. Hardly any person can now point and say, “Thatthat right thereis the fruit of my labor.“ We can say, as a s
20、ociety, as a nationas a world, reallythat what is produced is the fruit of our labor, the product of the whole society as a collectivity.We have to recognize that the right of private individual ownership of property is man-made and constantly dependent on the extent to which those without property
21、believe that the owner can make his claim, dependent on the extent to which those without stick.21 According to the passage, the concept of ownership probably _.（A）resulted from the concept of property right（B） stemmed from the uncovered prehistoric ages（C） arose from the generous blessing of the Cr
22、eator（D）originated from the undetected Middle Ages22 The author thinks private ownership to be _.（A）a necessary invention of mankind（B） an inherent right of a human being（C） a permanent arrangement for society（D）an explicit idea of some individuals23 We learn by inference that private property may _
23、.（A）be viewed as a design of inventive powers（B） be treated as a discovery of our ancestors（C） function as the universal rule of trading（D）serve as the basis of market economy24 It is reasonable to claim ones own fruit of labor because _.（A）his labor accounts for the product and its value（B） he has
24、the priority to lay claim on the product（C） his labor is widely recognized and respected（D）he has the grounds for making claims first25 Private ownership of property is described at the end of the passage as _.（A）a production of early mans manual work（B） a demand for greater productivity in industry
25、（C） varying with the shift in human agreements（D）denied by socialized production and exchange25 There are more differences between the United States and Japan than conflicting values during World War II. Cultural and societal differences between the two nations and its peoples shaped beliefs and per
26、ceptions and thus interactions within those societies and between them as well.The Japanese media made sure to cast the United States in a negative light during the war. Even afterward, they would distort everything from Ted Kennedys car accident and the death of Mary Jo Kopechne to important battle
27、s and events. During World War II, newspapers tried to give the public what they wanted for morale. Positive news was widely broadcast, but anything negative was also distorted or hidden. Sons or husbands who died during World War II were heroes, for sure, but the concept of suicide missions was unk
28、nown to the Japanese.The dropping of “warning fliers“ by the United States before the atomic bomb was let go is controversial. Some feel they were fair and that the Japanese denied their existence and failed to adequately warn the people. Others think they were a part of psychological warfare, reall
29、y dropped after Anola Gay flew off to Hiroshima, and merely acting as a doubtful precursor of any future attacks.The war and the role of the Japanese government caused uncertainty and hatred among the Japanese toward Americans. Any of the few white people living in Japan sometimes had their houses s
30、earched - not by the government, but by curious neighbors. “What I never got used to was my home being searched; nothing ever stolen, just investigated frequently,“ said one American woman living in Japan at the time.The Japanese looked upon Americans as crude and immoral, by their standards, as a m
31、elting pot without a culture of its own. They also underestimated Americas ability to unite for a cause and develop such a powerful bomb, perhaps because of the broadcasts by the Japanese media.The United States citizens looked down upon the Japanese as well, disgusted by the brutality of medical ex
32、perimentation on human subjects by the Japanese government. The treatment of POWs angered the United States as well; the notable photo of Australian Sgt. Leonard Siffleet about to be beheaded with a sword didnt help with anti-Japanese sentiments, which probably began with the “sneak attack“ on Pearl
33、 Harbor.Similarly to the actions of the Japanese media during World War II, the United States felt it necessary to dehumanize the enemy with bombs. Their refusal to accept defeat angered and put off Americans, as did Japanese propaganda. Boycotts on Japanese products popped up in America.Culture cla
34、shes continue to leave gaps between America and Japan. News of sexual slavery during WWII on the part of Japan, and anti-Japanese sentiments evident in American societal products and business, keep the nations apart.26 The examples of Kennedy and Mary were provided to _.（A）disguise some bad informat
35、ion（B） uncover the truth about Japanese（C） show the prejudice in the media（D）reveal the cultural differences27 The author quoted one American woman so as to _.（A）argue that the Japanese in general distrusted Americans（B） show how curious Japanese people were towards foreigners（C） warn Americans of t
36、he possible dangers living in Japan（D）demonstrate the positive role of the Japanese government28 Which of the following does NOT describe Japanese view of American culture?（A）Weak-unitedness.（B） Lack of morality.（C） Melting pot.（D）Cruel min29 American disrespect for the Japanese is expressed in _.（A
37、）winning the war with atomic bombs（B） stopping buying Japanese-made goods（C） using human bodies for experiment（D）taking brute revenge on Pearl Harbor30 In the following text, the author will deal with _.（A）detailed description of the way Japan surprisingly attacked Pearl harbour（B） more reports of h
38、ow the Japanese intentionally abused media coverage（C） ways of narrowing the cultural differences between the two countries（D）reasons of why peoples beliefs and perceptions an be formed by media30 Successful businesses tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapid
39、ly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past wont necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head abo
40、ve water. Businesses that arent creative about their future may not survive.Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now hes scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your i
41、ndustry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Heres what he said in a recent interview in U.S. News World Report: “Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly str
42、ong company. But when you look to the two-to-three-year time frame, I dont think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And thats totally honest.“You may remember that in 1
43、985 the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market. But after Coleco Industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didnt create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result. Coleco went bankrupt in 1988.The most successful businesses survive in
44、the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvest themselves accordingly. The 3M Company has a 15% rule: employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire; its no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902.Most busi
45、nesses are not willing to tear apart last years model of success and build a new one. Heres a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency: imagine that your business is like a pot of lobsters; to cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat
46、; the lobsters dont realize theyre being cooked because the process is so gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changin
47、g environment. It realizes instantly that its in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.31 Judging from the context, “to keep your head above water“ (Paragraph 1) probably means _.（A）to be drown（B） to keep out of financial difficulty（C） to keep away from danger（D）to protec
48、t you from water32 Why is Gates now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft?（A）Because he is the richest, most successful man on the planet.（B） Because his company will be replaced tomorrow.（C） Because in a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company.（D）Because he doesn
49、t think that any technology company has a guaranteed position.33 Coleco Industries case suggests that _.（A）the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market（B） the Cabbage Patch Kids dolls are sensational line of dolls（C） complacency and lack of creation will ultimately ruin a business（D）the most successful businesses survive in the long term34 According to the passage, the 3M Companys success lies in its _.（A）constant reassessment of their situations（B） rein
