[考研类试卷]考研数学二(线性代数)模拟试卷11及答案与解析.doc

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考研数学二(线性代数)模拟试卷 11 及答案与解析一、选择题下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题目要求。1 设 A 是 mn 阶矩阵,B 是 nm 阶矩阵,则( )(A)当 mn 时,必有AB0(B)当 mn 时,必有AB=0(C)当 nm 时,必有AB0(D)当 nm 时,必有AB=02 设 A 为 mn 阶矩阵,且 r(A)=mn 时,r(AB)n0,即 XT(PTAP)X0,故 XT(PTAP)X 为正定二次型,于是 PTAP 为正定矩阵【知识模块】 线性代数部分29 【正确答案】 因为方程组有非零解,所以 =a(a+1)(a-3)=0,即 a=-1或 a=0 或 a=3因为 A 是正定矩阵,所以 aii0(i=1,2,3),所以 a=3当 a=3 时,由 得 A 的特征值为 1,4,10因为A 为实对称矩阵,所以存在正交矩阵 Q,使得f=XTAX y12+4y22+10y3210(y12+y22+y32)而当X = 时,y12+y22+y32=YTY=YTQYTQY,=(QY) T(QY)=XTX=X =2 所以当x= 时,XTAX 的最大值为 20(最大值 20 可以取到,如 y1=y2=0,y 3= )【知识模块】 线性代数部分

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