1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 202 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The scientist who wants to predict the way which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must 【B1】_ data
2、 both on the resources of consumers and on the motive that 【B2】_ to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow mostpeople with rising incomes,【B3】_incomes, or decreasing incomeshe would probably answer, those with 【B4】_ incomes. 【B5】_, the answer w
3、as: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were 【B6】_ and people with stable incomes borrowed least. This shows us that traditional 【B7】_ about the relation between earning and spending are not always【B8】_. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect pr
4、ices to go up, they will【B9 】_to buy.【B10】_, research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not【B11】_buying. One typical attitude was expressed【B12】_the wife of mechanic in an interview at a time of rising price. “In a few months,“ she said, “well h
5、ave【B13】_to spend on other things.“ Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this【B14】_.Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer s【B15】_may be produced. This is shown by the following【B16】_comment: “I just dont pay these prices; t
6、hey are too high.“The investigations mentioned above were【B17】_in America. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are【B18】_, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of【B19】_stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer【B20】_.1 【B1 】（
7、A）achieve（B） process（C） resist（D）interpret2 【B2 】（A）tend（B） prefer（C） stick（D）object3 【B3 】（A）dynamic（B） balanced（C） stable（D）stationary4 【B4 】（A）degenerating（B） diminishing（C） subtracting（D）undermining5 【B5 】（A）Actually（B） Eventually（C） Frankly（D）So6 【B6 】（A）subsequent（B） next（C） neighboring（D）foll
8、owing7 【B7 】（A）outlooks（B） statements（C） predictions（D）presumptions8 【B8 】（A）reliable（B） susceptible（C） mistaken（D）trusting9 【B9 】（A）inhibit（B） hesitate（C） hasten（D）dash10 【B10 】（A）Even（B） Moreover（C） Instead（D）Besides11 【B11 】（A）stimulate（B） guarantee（C） convince（D）stir12 【B12 】（A）from（B） by（C） via
9、（D）across13 【B13 】（A）most（B） more（C） little（D）fewer14 【B14 】（A）behavior（B） purchase（C） activity（D）attempt15 【B15 】（A）objection（B） indifference（C） resistance（D）dislike16 【B16 】（A）evident（B） typical（C） basic（D）considerate17 【B17 】（A）designed（B） produced（C） created（D）conducted18 【B18 】（A）disposable（B）
10、predictable（C） reasonable（D）sensible19 【B19 】（A）maintaining（B） sustaining（C） retaining（D）keeping20 【B20 】（A）prediction（B） idea（C） psychology（D）intelligencePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Three hundred years
11、 ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper, The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertis
12、ers access to a wider audience. The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. The Internet
13、 is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries. Over the past decade, thro
14、ughout the Western world, people have been giving up newspapers and TV news and keeping up with events in profoundly different ways. Most strikingly, ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere report what
15、 they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online.Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. An
16、d technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. And it has mad
17、e possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents.The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.In principles, every liberal should celebrate this. A more pa
18、rticipatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable. Although this transformation does raise concerns, there is much to celebrate in the noisy, diverse, vociferous, argumentative and s
19、tridently alive environment of the news business in the ages of the Internet. The coffee house is back. Enjoy it.21 According to the author, what enlightened the switch of coffee-house news to mass-media news?（A）The appearance of big mass media firms.（B） The prevalence of radio and television.（C） Th
20、e emergence of advertising in newspapers.（D）The growing number of newspaper audience.22 The word “discursive“ (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to_.（A）diverging（B） concentrating（C） challenging（D）diverse23 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a role played by Internet?（A）Challenging
21、the conventional media.（B） Planning the return to coffee-house news.（C） Offering people the access to classified documents.（D）Giving ordinary people the opportunity to distribute news.24 The author s attitude towards new mass media is_.（A）positive and cautious（B） detest and skeptical（C） skeptical an
22、d reserved（D）ambiguous and negative25 What is the best title of this passage?（A）Mass-Audience Newspaper（B） Unstoppable and Diverse Online News（C） The Future of NewsBack to the Coffee House（D）The Transformation of the News Business25 If you want to know why Denmark is the worlds leader in wind power,
23、 start with a three-hour car trip from the capital Copenhagen to the small town of Lem on the far west coast of Jutland. You 11 feel it as you cross the 6.8 km-long Great Belt Bridge: Denmarks bountiful wind, so fierce. But wind itself is only part of the reason. In Lem, workers in factories the siz
24、e of aircraft hangars build the wind turbines. Most impressive are the turbines blades, which scoop the wind with each sweeping revolution.But technology, like the wind itself, is just one more part of the reason for Denmarks dominance. In the end, it happened because Denmark had the political and p
25、ublic will to decide that it wanted to be a leaderand to follow through. Beginning in 1979, the government began a determined programme of subsidies and loan guarantees to build up its wind industry. It also mandated that utilities purchase wind energy at a preferential pricethus guaranteeing invest
26、ors a customer base.As a result, wind turbines now dot Denmark. The country gets more than 19% of its electricity from the breeze and Danish companies control one-third of the global wind market, earning billions in exports and creating a national champion from scratch.The challenge now for Denmark
27、is to help the rest of the world catch up. With Copenhagen set to host all-important U.N. climate change talks in Decemberwhere the world hopes for a successor to the expiring Kyoto Protocol, Denmarks example couldnt be more timely. “We ll try to make Denmark a showroom,“ says Prime Minister Anders
28、Fogh Rasmussen. “You can reduce energy use and carbon emissions, and achieve economic growth.“It s tempting to assume that Denmark is innately green, but the country s policies were actually born from a different emotion, one now in common currency: fear. When the 1973 oil crisis hit, 90% of Denmark
29、s energy came from petroleum, almost all of it imported. Denmark launched a rapid drive for energy conservation. Eventually the Danes themselves began enjoying the benefits of the petroleum and natural gas in their slice of the North Sea. It was enough to make them more than self-sufficient. But Den
30、mark never forgot the lessons of 1973, and kept driving for greater energy efficiency and a more diversified energy supply.To the rest of the world, Denmark has the power of its example, showing that you can stay rich and grow green at the same time. “Denmark has proven that acting on climate can be
31、 a positive experience, not just painful.“ says NRDC s Schmidt.26 The following aspect is cited as a main cause for Denmarks world leadership in wind power EXCEPT_.（A）high wind（B） denmark s technology（C） policy support（D）geographical location27 The author has described several efforts of the Denmark
32、s Government in accelerating the wind industry in detail in order to show_.（A）the determination of government（B） the country s assistance policies（C） the reliance of the markets on exports（D）the role of local tax revenues28 The underlined word in Paragraph 4 means that_.（A）Denmarks energy-saving ini
33、tiatives cannot be followed by other countries（B） Denmark can manufacture more wind-driven generators to sell（C） Denmarks success in energy-saving could give other countries an example（D）Denmark aims to show their top technology level of using wind power29 According to Paragraph 5, Denmark s energy-
34、saving policies traced back to the country s_.（A）environmental awareness（B） past experience of oil shortage（C） great shortage of natural resources（D）abundance in wind resources30 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?（A）Not to save energy could bring about severe conseque
35、nces.（B） Energy saving cannot go together with economic development.（C） Energy saving efforts can be painful as well as positive.（D）Denmark can lead powerfully in the global wind market.30 The first clue came when I got my hair cut. The stylist offered a complimentary nail-polish change while I wait
36、ed for my hair to dry. Maybe she hoped this little amenity would slow the growing inclination of women to stretch each haircut to last four months.Suddenly everything is on sale. The upside to the economic downturn is the immense incentive it gives retailers to treat you like a queen for a day. But
37、now the customer rules, just for showing up. Finger the scarf, then start to walk away, and its price floats silkily downward. When the mechanic calls to tell you that brakes and a timing belt and other services will run close to $ 2,000, its time to break out the newly perfected art of the consider
38、ed pause. You really dont even have to say anything pitiful before hell offer to knock a few hundred dollars off.Restaurants are also caught in a fit of ardent hospitality, especially around Wall Street. New York Times restaurant critic Frank Bruni characterizes the new restaurant demeanor as “extre
39、me solicitousness tinged with outright desperation.“Now everyone is hoping to restart the economy. But human nature is funny that way. In dangerous times, we clench and squint at the deal that looks too good to miss, suspecting that it must be too good to be true. Store owners will tell you horror s
40、tories about shoppers with attitude, who walk in demanding discounts and flaunt their new power at every turn. These store owners wince as they sense bad habit forming: Will people expect discounts forever? Will their hard-won brand luster be forever cheapened, especially for items whose allure depe
41、nds on their being ridiculously priced?There will surely come a day when things go back to “normal“; retail sales even inched up in January after sinking for the previous six months. Bargain-hunting can be addictive regardless of the state of the markets, and haggling is a low-risk, high-value conta
42、ct sport. Trauma digs deep into habit, like my 85-year-old mother still calling her canned-goods cabinet “the bomb shelter.“ The children of the First Depression were saving string and preaching sacrifice long after the skies cleared. They came to be called the “greatest generation.“ As we learn to
43、be decent stewards of our resources, who knows what might come of it? We have lived in an age of wanton waste, and there is value in practicing conservation that goes far beyond our own bottom line.31 Why did the stylist treat the author so well when she got her hair cut?（A）Shops try various kinds o
44、f means to satisfy customers.（B） Large shops or small shops, are offering big discounts.（C） Women are inclined to have their hair cut less frequently.（D）Customers refrain from purchasing things impulsively.32 By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2, the author shows that customers_.（A）now p
45、urchase things which are on sale（B） have got a sense of superiority（C） have learned the way to bargain（D）have higher requirement for service33 According to Paragraph 4, the phrase “flaunt their new power at every turn“ means that consumers want to_.（A）keep asking for more discounts（B） demonstrate th
46、eir power（C） show off their money（D）have more suspicion34 What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?（A）The practice of frugality is essential.（B） Extravagant spending would accelerate economic development.（C） One s life experience would be transformed into lifelong habits.（D）Customers should
47、 cut the price of luxury goods.35 Which of the following could be the best title of this passage?（A）During Economic Downturn, Everything is on Sale.（B） The Art of Bargaining.（C） Promising Shoppers.（D）In a Recession, the Consumer is Queen.35 In 2016, many shoppers opted to avoid the frenetic crowds a
48、nd do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or do people shop more impu
49、lsively when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.When my most recent book Brand washed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hand
