1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 85 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are able to【C1 】_. to think in abstract
2、terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless,【C2】_world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it【C3】_to human behavior we infer meaning and【C4】_to make the behavior understandable.【C5 】_all this means is that people develop “quasi theories“ of human behavior, that is, the
3、ories that are not developed in a(an) 【C6】_, scientific manner. When doing so, people believe they know【C7】_humans do the things they do.Lets consider an example. In the United States people have been【C8】_with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourse
4、lves could be victims. But it【C9】_bothers us that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen? We develop quasi theories. We【C10】_concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we【C11 】_it: our criminal justice system is【C12】_; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our m
5、oral values weaken【C13】_the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are【C14】_drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions.【C15】_the courts; put more people in jail as examples to other lawbreaker. There is now hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we【C16 】_these solutions.
6、 Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor【C17】_so threatening. These quasi theories【C18】_serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they? How【C19】_will the suggested solutions be? These questions must be answered with【C20】_to how people normally go about developing or attainin
7、g their quasi theories of human behavior.1 【C1 】（A）reason（B） consider（C） understand（D）regard2 【C2 】（A）unbelievable（B） unimaginable（C） unpredictable（D）unfortunate3 【C3 】（A）goes（B） comes（C） makes（D）concerns4 【C4 】（A）explanations（B） motives（C） conclusions（D）consequences5 【C5 】（A）That（B） How（C） As（D）Wha
8、t6 【C6 】（A）objective（B） subjective（C） theoretic（D）conclusive7 【C7 】（A）how（B） why（C） whether（D）when8 【C8 】（A）worried（B） disturbed（C） bothered（D）concerned9 【C9 】（A）also（B） even（C） yet（D）still10 【C10 】（A）retain（B） remain（C） maintain（D）refrain11 【C11 】（A）know（B） comprehend（C） understand（D）grasp12 【C12 】
9、（A）precautious（B） inadequate（C） deficient（D）destructive13 【C13 】（A）by（B） as（C） from（D）for14 【C14 】（A）for（B） on（C） against（D）with15 【C15 】（A）Consolidate（B） Soften（C） Confirm（D）Strengthen16 【C16 】（A）acton（B） workout（C） see to（D）setup17 【C17 】（A）rather（B） very（C） much（D）quite18 【C18 】（A）moreover（B） the
10、refore（C） nevertheless（D）otherwise19 【C19 】（A）effective（B） efficient（C） sufficient（D）capable20 【C20 】（A）respect（B） relation（C） result（D）associationGrammar21 Was it _the professor regarded with such contempt?（A）them who（B） them whom（C） he who（D）those22 When enough of the tree _chopped away, the tree
11、falls.（A）is（B） have（C） was（D）were23 We consider_the instrument should be adjusted each time it is used.（A）that it necessary（B） necessary that（C） it necessary that（D）necessary of it that24 He_another career but, at the time, he didnt have enough money to attend graduate school.（A）might have chosen（B）
12、 must have chosen（C） might choose（D）had to choose25 How close parents are to their children_ a strong influence on the character of their children.（A）having（B） have（C） has（D）to have26 Professor Johnson is said_some significant advance in his research in the past year.（A）having made（B） making（C） to h
13、ave made（D）to make27 Whenever work is being done, energy_from one form into another.（A）converts（B） converted（C） is converted（D）is being converted28 Agriculture was a step in human progress_which subsequently there was not anything comparable until our own machine age.（A）in（B） for（C） to（D）from29 If y
14、ou want_, you have to get the fund somewhere.（A）that the job is done（B） the job done（C） to have done the job（D）the job that is done30 Mr. Smith has been away from home for a long time. He is looking forward to_his wife.（A）hear from（B） hearing from（C） hear of（D）hearing ofPart ADirections: Read the fo
15、llowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Directions:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 4145. choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices,
16、which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no de
17、scendants alive now. 【R1】_. Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,
18、 often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.【R2 】_. Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of w
19、hich we know nothing.【R3 】_. There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with t
20、housands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.【R4 】_. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed
21、off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.【R5 】_.About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse.
22、 Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.AThe shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and
23、 shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.CThe first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the anima
24、ls able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land,
25、in the sea, and in the air.DThe best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.EThe earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these ar
26、e the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.FWhen an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in th
27、e sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.GMany factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution
28、to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.31 【R1 】32 【R2 】33 【R3 】34 【R4 】35 【R5 】35 There is much hype about social networks and their potential impact on marketing; so many companies are diligently establishing presences on Facebook. Yet the true value of social netwo
29、rks remains unclear, and while common wisdom suggests that they should be tremendous enablers and amplifiers of word of mouth, few consumer companies have unlocked this potential.More recently, we have adopted a new mind-set: we think of word of mouth generated on social networks as a distinct form
30、of media. This idea is more than a semantic detail. When you think of word of mouth as media, it becomes a form of content, and businesses can apply tried-and-true content-management practices and metrics to it. In addition, word of mouth generated by social networks is a form of marketing that must
31、 be earnedunlike traditional advertising, which can be purchased. Therefore, companies could succeed only by being genuinely useful to the individuals who initiate or sustain virtual world-of-mouth conversations.An effective way for a brand to be useful in the context of social networks is to make p
32、eople who o-riginate a word-of-mouth conversation seem important within their own social environment. Recognition by peers is a powerful motivator, and brands that allow users to gain it deliver real perceived value. When users publicize that recognition, it translates into word of mouth.Never under
33、estimate the value consumers place on opportunities to boast online about their achievements. For example, when members boast of reaching their target weight with help from Bodybuilding. com workouts, we receive authentic and credible word-of-mouth approval at almost no cost. In fact, if recent beha
34、vioral research is accurate, these experiences can create “contagions“ in which the behavior of users is mirrored by their networks of friends, amplifying the word-of-mouth effect and reflecting well on the underlying brands.Its our strong intuition that virtual items play an important role in facil
35、itating virtual word of mouth. Peoples obsessive acquirement for virtual items reinforces our notion that users seek online importance; they purchase virtual goods primarily for self-expression and for recognition. Virtual gifting is becoming an important consumer activity among Facebook members. To
36、day, much of this activity is free, but Facebook is introducing a virtual-currency “credit“ system that will allow sellers to get real dollars for their gifts. In the context of a social network, it is not a stretch to conceive of virtual gifts as important objects, especially as their availability
37、can be strictly limited. Just think about the fervor consumers accord collectibles of all kinds, from baseball cards to coins. If virtual items prove similarly desirable, they are likely to be a big deal for consumers and marketers, as well as a great tool to create useful word-of-mouth media.Word-o
38、f-mouth marketing through social networks could emerge as an important tool in the marketers arsenal. That will depend on whether marketers can tame the fundamentally unpredictable and accidental nature of word of mouth without losing what makes it so valuable in the first placeits authenticity.36 I
39、t is suggested in Paragraph 1 that social networks_.（A）have proved to be efficient in promoting products（B） have made great impact on peoples intelligence（C） are stimulating collective wisdom effectively（D）are getting great attention from consumer companies37 To use social networks as enablers and a
40、mplifiers of word of mouth, companies should first_.（A）apply effective content-management practices（B） make products useful to network users（C） use purchased media successfully（D）abandon traditional marketing media38 Bodybuilding, com is cited to illustrate_.（A）the products suitable for world-of-mou
41、th marketing（B） the features of word of mouth（C） the worth of users online boasts（D）the contagiousness of online behaviors39 Virtual items may produce powerful word of mouth when_.（A）they can be traded for real dollars（B） they are not viewed as important objects（C） they can confer social importance
42、on its users（D）they are readily available40 The text intends to tell us_.（A）how to unlock the potential of social networks（B） how to read peoples online activities（C） how to create authentic marketing（D）how to explore the attractiveness of virtual items41 In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one
43、of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to ad
44、just team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, todays peopleespecially those born to families who
45、have lived in the U.S. for many generationsapparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they arent likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, weve pretty much gone as far as we can go,“ says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wr
46、ight State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrientsnotably, proteinto feed expanding tissu
47、es. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to
48、the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height59“ for men, 54“ for womenhasnt really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even tho
49、ugh humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,“ says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Geneti
