1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 86 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind th
2、e explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer placea “voluntary trusted identity“ system
3、 that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private onl
4、ine identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that
5、already have these “ single sign-on“ systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “ walled garden“ in cyberspace, with safe “ neighborhoods“ and bright “streetlights“ to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt descri
6、bed it as a “voluntary ecosystem“ in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs. “ Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some a
7、pplaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license“ mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem“ envisioned by
8、 Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 【B1 】（A）swept（B） skipped（C） walked（D）ridden2 【B2 】（A）for（B） within（C） while（D）though3
9、 【B3 】（A）careless（B） lawless（C） pointless（D）helpless4 【B4 】（A）reason（B） reminder（C） compromise（D）proposal5 【B5 】（A）information（B） interference（C） entertainment（D）equivalent6 【B6 】（A）by（B） into（C） from（D）over7 【B7 】（A）linked（B） directed（C） chained（D）compared8 【B8 】（A）dismiss（B） discover（C） create（D）i
10、mprove9 【B9 】（A）recall（B） suggest（C） select（D）realize10 【B10 】（A）released（B） issued（C） distributed（D）delivered11 【B11 】（A）carry on（B） linger on（C） set in（D）log in12 【B12 】（A）In vain （B） In effect（C） In return（D）In contrast13 【B13 】（A）trusted（B） modernized（C） thriving（D）competing14 【B14 】（A）caution（B
11、） delight（C） confidence（D）patience15 【B15 】（A）on（B） after（C） beyond（D）across16 【B16 】（A）divided（B） disappointed（C） protected（D）united17 【B17 】（A）frequently（B） incidentally（C） occasionally（D）eventually18 【B18 】（A）skepticism（B） relerance（C） indifference（D）enthusiasm19 【B19 】（A）manageable（B） defendable
12、（C） vulnerable（D）invisible20 【B20 】（A）invited（B） appointed（C） allowed（D）forcedGrammar21 When I try to understand_that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.（A）why it does（B） what it does（C） what it is（D）why it is22 Shanghai is one of
13、 the largest cities in the world that_large populations each over ten million.（A）has（B） have（C） had（D）are23 He would rather_part in such dishonest business deals.（A）resign than take（B） resign than to take（C） resign than taking（D）resigning than take24 Come and see me whenever_.（A）you are convenient（B
14、） you will be convenient（C） it is convenient to you（D）it will be convenient to you25 As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, _ plants with outdated equipment, wh
15、ich often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.（A）because（B） even though（C） while（D）since26 We grow all our own fruit and vegetables, _saves money, of course.（A）which（B） as（C） that（D）what27 I was_ about the exam_I couldnt get to sleep.（A）such worried. . . that（B） worr
16、ied so. . . that（C） worried such. . . that（D）so worried. . . that28 Each man and woman must sign_full name before entering the examination room.（A）his（B） her（C） their（D）ones29 But that he saw it, he_it.（A）cant believe（B） could not believe（C） did not believe（D）could not have believed30 It was recomme
17、nded that we_for the authorities.（A）waited（B） wait（C） most wait（D）would waitPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The International Education Industrial DevelopsThe clock tower looks out over a 38-hectare campus
18、graced by an ornamental lake and a pillared central hall. Add a little ivy and it could be almost any respected seat of learning in the West. Only the hemisphere is wrong. This is Ningbo campus of Nottingham University in Chinas Zhejiang province, half a world away from its British home. Teaching is
19、 in English, the first language of the staff. Last year the college,a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise, opened its doors to 900 local students looking for an international education without leaving home. Within five years their numbers are forecast to reach 4, 000. Say Nottingham University p
20、rovost Ina Gow:“Why go all the way to Britain when you can study in China at half the price?“Good question. International education is now a global industry worth $ 30 billion a year, with some 2 million students studying abroad,a figure thats forecast to treble by 2020. In particular, the surging e
21、conomies of India and China are producing far more would-be graduates than their own colleges can accommodate. But preferences are changing fast as thrifty students give up their traditional favorites in the West and choose to stay closer to home. That means a change in strategy for recruit-hungry c
22、olleges anti governments. Says Andreas Schleicher, an education expert at the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, “The real international dimension is that we no longer move students around the world: we move the providers and contents instead.“It doesnt take a Ph. D. to spot the
23、trends. The United States still attracts more than a quarter of all overseas students,but its market share is slipping. Britain, in the second slot, saw the number of applicants from China dip by 20 percent last year. Factors include expense and tighter entry regulation. The United States last year
24、relaxed some of its controls but not before losing some of the rich-student business from the Middle East. British universities are complaining loudly at the governments decision to double the price of a student visa.The big beneficiaries are back in the East, close to home for Indian and Chinese st
25、udents. With generous state help, Australian colleges now attract 9 percent of overseas students, after a decade of double-digit increases. Australians goal: 560, 000 foreign studentsalmost three times todays figure by 2025, with Asians accounting for some 70 percent of the total. Whats good for the
26、 col-leges is also good for the national accounts. International education now ranks as Australias fourth largest source of export dollars after coal, tourism and iron ore.31 We can infer that the key feature of Ningbo campus of Nottingham University is that_.（A）it has a western style campus（B） it c
27、harges half the price of Nottingham University（C） it provides similar education as in Nottingham（D）it is a joint venture with a Chinese enterprise32 Students choose to stay closer to home mainly because of_.（A）their fear of homesickness（B） the surging economy of their home country（C） the changing pa
28、ttern of world education（D）their personal economic reason33 According to Andreas Schleicher, the trends of education is that_.（A）students will choose to study in their own country（B） Western countries still have strong attraction for students（C） Australia will surpass the U.S.and Britain in the mark
29、et share（D）Universities will be more active in suiting the needs of students34 What has happened to the U. S. and Britain in terms of overseas students?（A）The U. S. stays firmly as NO. 1 choice for students.（B） Britain raised its overseas students by 20 percent last year.（C） Both countries forecast
30、a rise in the student number.（D）Both countries are losing their market share.35 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）Australia might become NO. 1 in international education.（B） Australia will continue to benefit from international education.（C） Student number in Australia is forecast to treb
31、le by 2020.（D）Australia will become the first choice for Asians.36 In cities all over the United States, workers spend several hours a day in cars crawling along in traffic to get to offices many miles from home. They experience stress, waste time, and pay a lot for gas, car maintenance, and parking
32、. Once they get to work, they make their way through a maze of cubicles, each with its computer, phone, and file cabinet. Nancy Alley, human resources manager at TBWA Chiat Day, doesnt. She stays at home, talking with managers over the phone and faxing in paperwork. Instead of walking down the hall
33、to chat with coworkers, she E-mails them. Nancy is a telecommuter, someone who works some or all of the time at home. Since 1990, the number of U.S. telecommuters has grown from 4.2 million to 9.2 million.Highway congestion, the high cost of office space, federal clean-air laws, reduced work forces,
34、 and lifestyle needsall these factors contribute to the growth of telecommuting. What makes it possible is technology. Desktop and laptop personal computers, networking, videoconferencing, fax machines, E-mail, and multiple phone lines provide the fast and efficient communication required for teleco
35、mmuting.The experiences of many companies suggest that telecommuting can increase workplace flexibility and enhance productivity. At Georgia Power Company, for example, a pilot telecommuting project was so successful that the company decided to triple its number of telecommuters. The company reduced
36、 the cost of leased office space by $100,000 a year, increased productivity among the telecommuting employees of its customer service center, and saved the workers a combined 750 commuter miles a day.Telecommuting, however, is not without its obstacles. At one computer software firm, the information
37、 systems manager offered telecommuting as an option to her 100-person staff. After three months, the staff members reported that being away from the office was counterproductive to their work. Programmers missed being able to drop by analysts cubicles with questions, and everyone re-ported they were
38、 interrupted at home more often. As part of its cost-cutting initiative, Nestle required 140 sales employees to telecommute. Facing many technical problems with telephone lines and frustratingly slow computer networking, most of these telecommuters found it an annoying experience. Telecommuting also
39、 makes many employees feel isolated and out of touch, leading to decreased motivation and less, not more productivity. By blurring the barriers between work and family, telecommuting often leads to more work hours and more interference with family life.Telecommuting is not universally applicable. Jo
40、bs and individuals must be suitable, and staff must be capable of managing telecommuters. In addition, technological improvements, such as high-speed modems, are crucial. Few people expect to conduct business regularly from a tropical island or mountain resort any time soon.36 In the passage, the au
41、thor introduces his topic by（A）explaining a phenomenon.（B） raising an argument.（C） posing a contrast.（D）using an example.37 More people choose to telecommute because（A）they dont like their working environment.（B） the development of technology enables them to work at home.（C） telecommuting can solve
42、many social problems.（D）telecommuting is a trend that most people like to follow.38 The word “counterproductive“(Paragraph 4) probably means（A）producing challenges.（B） producing counters.（C） producing results.（D）producing problems.39 Telecommuting may affect a telecommuters family life because（A）tel
43、ecommuters are required to do more work.（B） the routine of their family life is disturbed.（C） telecommuters family dont like them working at home.（D）there is no distinction between work and family life.40 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）The application of telecommuting is influenced by
44、many factors.（B） Only those who are highly-motivated can be telecommuters.（C） Although telecommuting brings benefits, it also causes problems.（D）People dont like doing business in a remote area.40 Fate has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving it “c
45、ritically endangered” in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most recently, drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding grounds, near Sakhalin island off Russias Pa
46、cific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalins offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species.When drilling was first discussed in the 1990s, there were muted complaints. When a consortium called Sakhalin. Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shell, a
47、nnounced plans to build an oil platform and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated.In response, the consortium established an independent panel to advise it on how best to protect the whales and promised to fund its work. It subsequently
48、agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panels suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panels recommendations in future or to explain publicly why it was rejecting them.The platforms and pipelines are now comp
49、lete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy.But has it been a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says their number seems to be growing by 2.5% a year, although Ian Craig, the firms boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that t
