1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 145 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 For many people, emotions are a scary thing. 【C1】_of the problem is that we just dont know what to do with them, according to Darl
2、ene Mininni, Ph. D, author of The Emotional Toolkit. So we adopt the only strategies we【C2】_know. If youre a man, you might distract yourself【C3】_playing video games, tinkering with your tools or drinking alcohol, she said. If youre a woman, you might shop or eat. 【C4】 _to these tools occasionally i
3、s OK, Mininni said. Making them part of your regular coping repertoire, however, is problematic. Emotions are valuable, and【C5 】_a bounty of benefits. Emotions send us important messages and help us connect with others and accomplish great things, Mininni said. Using【C6】_strategies, however, can sab
4、otage our relationships, job and even our health, Mininni said. In fact, people who handle stress effectively have healthier immune systems, dont get sick as often and age【C7】_16 years more slowly than people who dont. Theres actually【C8】_consensus on what an emotion is, and scientists may have vari
5、ous interpretations. Mininni【C9】_emotions as a “full-body experience,“ an interplay between our thoughts and physical sensations. For instance, a kind of giddy happiness and anxiety have the same sensations, such as tight muscles and a【C10】_heart. What determines whether we feel happy or anxious are
6、 our thoughts. Mininni said that all emotions【C11】_into these categories: anxiety, sadness, anger and happiness. In order to identify the【C12】_of your emotion, ask yourself these questions:Anxiety: What am I afraid of? Sadness; What have I lost? Anger: How have I or my values been attacked? Happines
7、s; What have I gained?Once youve identified your emotional state, the last step is to take【C13】_. Ask yourself if theres anything you can do to solve the situation, Mininni said. If there is, consider what you can do. If theres【C14】_you can do, determine how you can cope with the emotion, she said.
8、Mininni suggested meditating, getting social support, writing, exercising and seeking therapy. Think of these strategies as an emotional toolkit. You simply【C15】_your kit, and pick out the healthy tool you need, Mininni said. In fact, you can create an real toolkit, and pack it with【C16】_items such
9、as sneakers, your journal, funny films, favorite books and a list of people youd like to call when youre【C17】_. The strategies that work best will【C18】_with each person, depending on your personality, physiology and other individual factors, Mininni said. For some people, running works wonders in al
10、leviating anxiety. For others, meditation is【C19】_. Emotions may seem confusing and threatening but applying the above practical and clear-cut approach reveals emotions for【C20】_they really are; useful, informative and far from murky.1 【C1 】（A）Apart（B） Part（C） A portion（D）Portion2 【C2 】（A）do（B） dont
11、（C） did（D）didnt3 【C3 】（A）by（B） from（C） into（D）to4 【C4 】（A）Applying（B） Going（C） Turning（D）Using5 【C5 】（A）derive（B） obtain（C） offer（D）weigh6 【C6 】（A）healthy（B） unhealthy（C） sound（D）innovative 7 【C7 】（A）prior to（B） next to（C） near to（D）up to 8 【C8 】（A）a（B） an（C） no（D）the9 【C9 】（A）defines（B） discusses（C
12、） explains（D）illustrates10 【C10 】（A）big（B） pounding（C） strong（D）weak11 【C11 】（A）belong（B） fall（C） go（D）move12 【C12 】（A）burden（B） conflict（C） intimacy（D）message13 【C13 】（A）action（B） advice（C） aim（D）attitude14 【C14 】（A）anything（B） everything（C） nothing（D）something15 【C15 】（A）choose between（B） decide a
13、mong（C） reach into（D）think about16 【C16 】（A）comforting（B） comforted（C） comfortable（D）comfort17 【C17 】（A）exhilarated（B） happy（C） jealous（D）upset 18 【C18 】（A）stay（B） stick（C） vary（D）value 19 【C19 】（A）bad（B） worse（C） fine（D）better 20 【C20 】（A）how（B） what（C） why（D）whetherPart ADirections: Read the follo
14、wing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 The coast of the state of Maine is one of the most irregular in the world. A straight line running from the southernmost coastal city to the northernmost coastal city would measure about 225 miles. If you f
15、ollowed the coastline between these points, you would travel more than ten times as far. This irregularity is the result of what is called a drowned coastline. The term comes from the glacial activity of the ice age. At that time, the whole area that is now Maine was part of a mountain range that to
16、wered above the sea. As the glacier descended, however, it expended enormous force on those mountains, and they sank into the sea. As the mountains sank, ocean water charged over the lowest parts of the remaining land, forming a series of twisting inlets and lagoons of contorted grottos and nooks. T
17、he highest parts of the former mountain range, nearest the shore, remained as islands. Mt. Desert Island is one of the most famous of all the islands left behind by the glacier. Marine fossils found here were 225 feet above sea level, indicating the level of the shoreline prior to the glacier. The 2
18、,500-mile-long rocky and jagged coastline of Maine keeps watch over nearly two thousand islands. Many of these islands are tiny and uninhabited, but many are home to thriving communities. Mt. Desert Island is one of the largest, most beautiful of the Maine coast islands. Measuring 16 miles by 12 mil
19、es, Mt. Desert was essentially formed as two distinct islands. It is split almost in half by Somes Sound, a deep and narrow stretch of water, seven miles long. For years, Mt. Desert Island, particularly its major settlement, Bar Harbor, afforded summer homes for the wealthy. Recendy though, Bar Harb
20、or has become a burgeoning arts community as well. But, the best part of the island is the unspoiled forest land known as Acadia National Park. Because the island sits on the boundary line between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones, the island supports the flora and fauna of both zones as well as be
21、ach, inland, and alpine plants. It also lies in a major bird migration lane and is a resting spot for many birds. The establishment of Acadia National Park in 1916 means that this natural reserve will be perpetually available to all people, not just the wealthy. Visitors to Acadia may receive nature
22、 instruction from the park naturalists as well as enjoy camping, hiking, cycling , and boating. Or they may choose to spend time at the archeological museum, learning about the Stone Age inhabitants of the island. The best view on Mt. Desert Island is from the top of Cadillac Mountain. This mountain
23、 rises 1,532 feet, making it the highest mountain on the Adantic seaboard. From the summit, you can gaze back toward the mainland or out over the Atlantic Ocean and contemplate the beauty created by a retreating glacier. 21 Which of the following lists of topics best outlines the information in the
24、selection?（A）Ice-age glacial activity The Islands of Casco Bay Formation of Cadillac Mountain Summer residents of Mt. Desert Island（B） Formation of a drowned coastline The topography of Mt. Desert Island The environment of Mt. Desert Island Tourist attractions on Mt. Desert Island（C） Mapping the Mai
25、ne coasdineThe arts community at Bar HarborHistory of the National Park System Climbing Cadillac Mountain（D）The effect of glaciers on small islands Stone-age dwellers on Mt. Desert Island The importance of biodiversity Hiking in Acadia National Park22 According to the selection, a large number of sm
26、all islands along the coast of Maine are the result of_.（A）glaciers forcing a mountain range into the sea（B） Maines location between the temperate and sub-Arctic zones（C） the irregularity of the Maine coast（D）the need for summer communities for wealthy tourists and artists23 According to the selecti
27、on, the coast of Maine is_.（A）2,500 miles long（B） 3,500 miles long（C） 225 miles long（D）235 miles long 24 The content of the fourth paragraph indicates that the writer believes that_.（A）the continued existence of national parks is threatened by budget cuts（B） the best way to preserve the environment
28、on Mt. Desert Island is to limit the number of visitors（C） national parks allow large numbers of people to visit and learn about interesting wilderness areas（D）Mt. Desert Island is the most interesting tourist attraction in Maine 25 Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of t
29、he fourth paragraph of the selection?（A）The wealthy residents of Mt. Desert Island selfishly kept it to themselves.（B） Acadia National Park is one of the smallest of the national parks.（C） On Mt. Desert Island, there is great tension between the year-round residents and the summer tourists.（D）Due to
30、 its location and environment, Mt. Desert Island supports an incredibly diverse animal and plant life. 25 The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved around eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then ther
31、e was evil, if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war then peace; and so on. The Greeks believed that good eris occured when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the gr
32、eat opposing forces in nature. Bad eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled mens lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only
33、 that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble. One myth that expresses this concept of bad eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis wou
34、ld bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite w
35、homever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone. . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs
36、on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury, Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous feud between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 ye
37、ars in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legitimate heirs to the throne. Hence, when we are told,“ If you dont invite trouble, trouble comes,“ it means tha
38、t if we dont deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us. . . with a vengeance! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us. 26 According to the passage, the ancient Greeks believe
39、d that the concept of eris defined the universe_.（A）as a hostile, violent place（B） as a condition of opposites（C） as a series of problems（D）as a mixture of gods and man 27 Most specifically, bad eris is defined in the passage as_.（A）the violent conditions of life（B） the problems man encounters（C） th
40、e evil goddess who has a golden apple（D）the murderer of generations 28 It can be inferred that Zeus married Thetis off because_.（A）he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind（B） he feared the gods would create bad eris by competing over her（C） he feared the Trojan War would be fought ove
41、r her（D）he feared having an affair with her and, subsequently, a child by her 29 It can also be inferred that Zeus did not fear a child sired by King Peleus because_.（A）he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus（B） he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War（C） he knew that no m
42、atter how strong a mortal child was, he couldnt overthrow an immortal god（D）he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else 30 According to the passage, Achilles_.（A）defeated Zeus during the Trojan War（B） dies during the Trojan War（C） was born 20 years after the war because of the disr
43、uption Eris caused at the wedding（D）was the illegitimate son of Peleus30 The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of mi
44、llions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting. A
45、t the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that
46、 identify it as self. The bodys immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability t
47、o remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation, this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a viru
48、s in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader. Any substance capabl
49、e of triggering an immune response is called an antigen. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens, which are most often harmless substances ( such as ragweed pollen or cat hair) that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another
