1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 14 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 It is not often realized that women【C1】_a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a【C2】_, the
2、woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry or decimum.【C3】_, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in【C4 】_its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The decimum was the wifes right to receive a tenth of all her husbands【
3、C5】_. The wife had the right to withhold consent , in all transactions the husband would【C6】_. And more than just a right: the documents show that she【 C7】_a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband.【C8】_do the documents indicate any【C9】_of difference in the legal【C10 】 _of husband and w
4、ife.The wife shared【C11 】_the management of her husbands personal property, but the【C12】_was not always true. Women seemed【C13】_prepared to defend their own inheritance【C14】_husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on【C15】_, they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case【C16】_is that Maria Vivas,
5、a Catalan woman of Barcelona. Having agreed【C17 】_her husband Miro to sell a field she had【C18】_for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a【C19】_duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from【C20】_p
6、ersonal inheritance.1 【C1 】（A）realized（B） stayed（C） upheld（D）held2 【C2 】（A）wife（B） girlfriend（C） secretary（D）cook3 【C3 】（A）Admittedly（B） However（C） Furthermore（D）Nevertheless4 【C4 】（A）society（B） life（C） reality（D）time5 【C5 】（A）wealth（B） property（C） belongings（D）heritage6 【C6 】（A）sigh（B） commit（C） do
7、（D）make7 【C7 】（A）remained（B） sustained（C） stayed in（D）enjoyed8 【C8 】（A）However（B） In no case（C） Nothing（D）Whatever9 【C9 】（A）stage（B） level（C） degree（D）shade10 【C10 】（A）situation（B） status（C） level（D）position11 【C11 】（A）at（B） in（C） with（D）to12 【C12 】（A）opposition（B） other（C） opposite（D）fact13 【C13 】（
8、A）rarely（B） perfectly（C） fortunately（D）happily14 【C14 】（A）from（B） against（C） to（D）for15 【C15 】（A）fact（B） occasion（C） time（D）the contrary16 【C16 】（A）in point（B） to point（C） of point（D）in fact17 【C17 】（A）at（B） to（C） on（D）with18 【C18 】（A）inherited（B） bought（C） sold（D）liked19 【C19 】（A）contract（B） treaty
9、（C） bargain（D）payment20 【C20 】（A）Miro（B） Maria（C） Catalan（D）BarcelonaPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 “The essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism“, remarked Franklin Roosevelt in 1933, “must be the sa
10、me as those which constitute a good neighbour, namely mutual understanding and a sympathetic appreciation of the others point of view.“ That is advice which the United States would do well to heed in its relations with its immediate neighbours, Canada and Mexico. Most Americans may not be aware of i
11、t, but frustrations and resentments are building just across their borders to both south and north.Of course, neighbourly ties in North America are closer than in Roosevelts day. Under the North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA), trade among the three countries has more than doubled since 1994 a
12、nd cross-border investment climbed even faster. In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001, the United States moved quickly to sign “smart border“ agreements with both Canada and Mexico, to try to ensure that the demands of security did not interrupt trade. By the standards of
13、much of the 20th century, political ties between the United States and Mexico are warm. Yet go to either border and you wouldnt know all this. Fed up with the flow of illegal migrants from the south, the governors of Arizona and New Mexico this month declared a state of emergency. Violence between d
14、rug gangs recently led the United States temporarily to close its consulate in Nuevo Laredo, the busiest border-crossing point. The American ambassador bluntly criticises Mexico for its failure to prevent drug-related violence along the border. That has prompted retaliatory verbal blasts from Mexica
15、n officials. Canadas mood is not much more cordial. Since September 11th, Canadians and Americans alike have become less keen on popping over what they liked to call “ the worlds longest undefended border“ for shopping or recreation. Canadians increasingly disagree with Americans over matters as var
16、ied as the Iraq war and gay marriage. They are disillusioned with NAFTA, claiming it has failed to prevent the United States from unlawfully punishing their exports of, for example, lumber. So what? Friction is in the nature of international relations, and the problems on the northern border are dif
17、ferent from those in the south. Yet there is a common denominator. Americans tend to see security, migration, drugs, even trade, as domestic political issues. But so they are for Canada and Mexico too. Like it or not, Americans rely on their neighbours for prosperity, energy and help with security.
18、It behoves all three countries to show some “sympathetic understanding“. 21 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）the essential qualities of a true Pan-Americanism were defined by Franklin Roosevelt（B） mutual understanding is one of the most far-reaching elements in North America（C） f
19、ew Americans may be aware of otherspoint of view（D）Americas friendship with Canada and Mexico risks going sour22 Political relationship is discussed in the text so as to_.（A）illustrate Canadas cordial mood toward Mexico and America（B） interpret the improved neighbourly ties in North America（C） foret
20、ell the prospect of international relations（D）gauge the flow of illegal migrants from Mexico23 The term “the south“ in the third paragraph most probably refers to_.（A）the Southern part of America（B） Mexico（C） the Southern hemisphere（D）the South Africa24 According to the text, America and Canada have
21、 yet to reach consensus on_.（A）lumber export（B） the Iraq reconstruction（C） homo marriage（D）defense of the worlds longest border25 In the last paragraph of the text, the author intends to define_.（A）the friction of the northern border（B） the significance of international ties（C） the difference betwee
22、n Canadians and Mexicans（D）the importance of being good neighbours26 At an office in Hampton, Virginia, in the east of the United States, a team of ten net savvy workers sources the web for sexual content, from basic sex education to sex acts. This “quality assurance“ team is making sure that the bl
23、ocking component of Symantecs Norton Internet Security 2000 computer program remains effective. This is because there is widespread parental concern about blocking websites with sexual content from children.Website blocking is nothing newservices like Net Nanny and programs like Cyber Patrol and Gua
24、rd Dog have been around for a few years now, protecting children and reassuring parents that only wholesome websites are accessed by the youngsters. Net Nanny and Cyber Patrol will prevent access to any questionable sites when the program is in place,Now Symantec says it has created a new category i
25、n consumer software with a package that combines website blocking with a “firewall“, protecting your computer from hackers and viruses, as well as preventing careless disclosure of personal data. In short, Norton Internet Security, as the program is called, is designed to serve as the guardian of yo
26、ur digital health, keeping the bad things out and the private things in.The Symantec program can be configured in many ways, the website blocking, for example, can be set to be either selectively permissive or total in its banning of websites, or switched off entirely. Also, Symantecs list of no-go
27、areas, which on the CD now stand at around 36,000 addressed, is not confined to sex sites. The team in Virginia is also on the lookout for sites advocating drags, or which contain references to violence or gambling, and keeps a watch on chat rooms, e-mail services, entertainment portalseven job sear
28、ch and financial pages. These sites can be blocked by the program.Computer users can also refresh the address list online with the Live update feature which is used by Norton Anti-Virus (which is bundled with NIS) to load the latest virus definitions. This service is free for the first year but, inc
29、luding virus definition updates; it costs $19.95 a year there-after.The system is not perfect, however. Limited testing found the blocking of some “questionable“ sites was not comprehensive. Trying to get access to a well-known US site such as Playboy results in an immediate blocking message with a
30、standard invitation to report an “incorrectly categorized“ site. By contrast, you could find in other countries such as New Zealand a sex site which declared itself to be “dedicated to providing sexual material, imaged, and anything a little bit unusual for sex enthusiasts all over the country.26 Wh
31、at do we know from the first paragraph?（A）The net savvy workers are interested in searching the web for sexual content.（B） Parents want the workers to make sure that the blocking component works.（C） Parents across the world dont want the sexual websites to be blocked.（D）Parents across the world worr
32、y that their children might get hurt by some websites.27 Norton Internet Security functions to（A）shield computers from unexpected invasion.（B） protect computers from being damaged.（C） protect computers from being stolen.（D）shield computers from being used properly.28 Symantec might not block（A）sex s
33、ites.（B） violence site.（C） gambling sites.（D）shopping sites.29 According to the passage, the NIS program（A）is always free, so are the virus updates.（B） is free, but the virus updates cost $19.95.（C） costs $19.95 including the virus updates.（D）costs $19.95 excluding the virus updates.30 What does the
34、 author mean by “the blocking of some questionable site was not comprehensive“ (Line 1, Last Paragraph)?（A）Some websites escape from being detected.（B） The NIS program is not effective in other countries at all.（C） All the websites in New Zealand should be included in the list.（D）The website Playboy
35、 should be included in the list of no-go area.31 More people than ever before are embarking on their own enterprise adventure and starting their own business. Nearly 400,000 companies were established last year, or 35 percent more than in 2002.But official statistics also show that more businesses t
36、han ever are failing. Last year, a record 40,000 businesses were declared insolvent.With so many businesses failing it is important if you are thinking of starting a business to plan and prepare properly. This will also increase the chances of securing finance.“One of the key parts of starting a bus
37、iness is ensuring that the original idea is developed into a fully viable product or service,“ Judith Rutherford, the chief executive of Business Link for London, says. “Establishing whether there is a market for the product or service is the next step. This should include a thorough examination of
38、potential competitors and customers,“ she says. “It may also be worth commissioning some market research.“If the research demonstrates there is a viable Business to be had, then the next step is to develop a detailed business plan. As well as details of the product and market, this should also inclu
39、de a budget plan and cash flow forecast. Approaching a qualified accountant can also help. A professional looking plan with credible figures will make it easier to attract finance.But John Rendall, the head of business banking at HSBC warns against falling into the trap of creating a business plan d
40、esigned solely with the objective of securing funding.“A good business plan should demonstrate some critical thinking about your business, help you clarify what you want to achieve and how you are going to achieve it. It should also help you mark progress, set goals and be in better shape to deal wi
41、th the challenges any new business is likely to face,“ Mr. Rendall says.“This approach is far more likely to impress than something solely designed to justify borrowing.“ Mr. Rendall also advises businesses not to underestimate how much they need to borrow. “Dont be tempted to underplay the debt you
42、 require just to please your bank,“ he says. “A bank is just as likely to consider a larger sum if it is persuaded of the growth potential of your business.“A good business plan should also include contingency plans that outline responses to unforeseen circumstancespositive as well as negative. For
43、example, what would be the financial impact of changed economic circumstances? What changes could be made to respond? It is always worth getting comments from friends or colleagues who can bring a more detached perspective.It could also be worth taking the time to investigate whether your business q
44、ualifies for any grants. Grants are available from a variety of sources including the Government and its various departments and agencies, the European Union and some charitable organizations. If you are under the age of 30, it would be worth visiting the Princes Trust website, which last year helpe
45、d more than 4,300 young people start-up in business. More details on how to find grants, raise finance and improve financial management can be found on Times Onlines Grant and Finance guide.31 The number of the companies that were established in 2002 is about（A）400,000.（B） 40,000.（C） 300,000.（D）260,
46、000.32 According to the author, a business plan should include（A）details of product and market, a budget plan and cashflow forecast.（B） a budget plan, cashflow forecast and a market investigation report.（C） a budget plan, cashflow forecast and contingency plans.（D）a research on the product and marke
47、t, a budget plan, cashflow forecast and contingency plans.33 The word “contingency“ (Line 1, Paragraph 9) can be best replaced by（A）disasters.（B） possibilities.（C） emergencies.（D）happenings.34 The reason why a good business plan is important is that it can（A）make you be prepared for your enterprise
48、adventure.（B） persuade the bank to lend you the large sum of money you require.（C） help you get grants, raise finance and improve financial management.（D）help you make the right first step to set up your own business.35 The purpose of the author in writing this article is to show how to（A）embark on
49、ones own enterprise adventure and start ones own business.（B） make a good business plan.（C） make the right first steps of ones own business.（D）find grants on the Internet.36 We assumed ethics needed the seal of certainty, else it was non-rational. And certainty was to be produced by a deductive model: the correct actions were derivable from classical first principles or a hierarchical ranked pantheon of principles. This model, though
