1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 14 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is【C1】_only among those with whom he i
2、s acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even【 C2】_You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to【C3】_the truth of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be con
3、sidered quite【C4】_.【C5 】_, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, once broken, makes the offender immediately the object of【C6】_.It has been known as a fact that a British has a【C7】_for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it【C
4、8】_.Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom【C9 】_forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and【C10】_to everyone.This may be so. 【C11 】_a British cannot have much【C12】_in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wro
5、ng【C13】_a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate or as inaccurate as the weathermen in his【C14】 _.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references【C15】_weather that the British 【C16】_to each other in the course of a single
6、day. Very often conversational greetings are 【C17】_by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isnt it?“ “Beautiful!“ may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?“ Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is【C18】_pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. I
7、f he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know【C19】_to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will【C20】_an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1 【C1 】（A）relaxed（B） frustrated（C） amused（D）exhausted2 【C2 】（A）res
8、erved（B） urgent（C） embarrassed（D）anxious3 【C3 】（A）experience（B） witness（C） watch（D）undergo4 【C4 】（A）impolite（B） defensive（C） deliberate（D）offensive5 【C5 】（A）Deliberately（B） Apparently（C） Frequently（D）Consequently6 【C6 】（A）compassion（B） opposition（C） criticism（D）assault7 【C7 】（A）emotion（B） fancy（C） l
9、ikeliness（D）judgment8 【C8 】（A）at length（B） to a great extent（C） from his heart（D）by all means9 【C9 】（A）follows（B） obeys（C） defies（D）supports10 【C10 】（A）dedication（B） suspicion（C） contemplation（D）speculation11 【C11 】（A）Usually（B） Generally（C） Certainly（D）Fundamentally12 【C12 】（A）faith（B） hope（C） hono
10、r（D）credit13 【C13 】（A）since（B） once（C） when（D）while14 【C14 】（A）propositions（B） predictions（C） proposal（D）prophecy15 【C15 】（A）about（B） on（C） in（D）to16 【C16 】（A）take（B） forecast（C） make（D）predict17 【C17 】（A）started（B） replaced（C） conducted（D）proposed18 【C18 】（A）reasonable（B） useful（C） worthwhile（D）mea
11、ningful19 【C19 】（A）where（B） how（C） what（D）which20 【C20 】（A）stimulate（B） constitute（C） furnish（D）provokePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Henric Ibsen, author of the play A Dolls House, in which a pretty, help
12、less housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003. But a
13、bout 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. They will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or face the legal consequences which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7%
14、 of board members in Norway were female, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity. The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or Americas 15% for the Fortune 500. Norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the l
15、aw, as do many businessmen. “ I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle, “ says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. “Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, “ he says. Several firms have even give
16、n up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25 35 directorships each, and are known in
17、 Norwegian business circles as the “golden skirts“. One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women wi
18、th enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. “Women
19、 feel more compelled than men to do their homework, “ says Ms. Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norways chairman of the year for 2007.21 The author mentions Ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to（A）depict womens dilemma at work.（B） explain the newly passed law.（C） support Norwegian government.
20、（D）introduce the topic under discussion.22 A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to（A）pay a heavy fine.（B） close down its business.（C） change into a private business.（D）sign a document promising to act.23 To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?（A）A s
21、et ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.（B） A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.（C） A common principle should be followed by all companies.（D）An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.24 The author attributes the phenomenon of “golden skirts“ to（A）the small num
22、ber of qualified females in management.（B） the over-recruitment of female managers in public companies.（C） the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions.（D）the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles.25 The main idea of the text might be（A）female power and liberatio
23、n in Norway.（B） the significance of Henric Ibsens play.（C） womens status in Norwegian firms.（D）the constitution of board members in Norway.25 Du Bois was a sociological and educational pioneer who challenged the established system of education that tended to restrict rather than to advance the progr
24、ess of black Americans. He challenged what is called the “Tuskegee machine“ of Booker T. Washington, the leading educational spokesperson of the blacks in the U. S. As a sociologist and historian, Du Bois called for a more determined and activist leadership than Washington provided.Unlike Washington
25、, whose roots were in southern black agriculture, Du Boiss career spanned both sides of the Mason-Dixon Line. He was a native of Massachusetts, received his undergraduate education from Fisk University in Nashville, did his graduate study at Harvard University, and directed the Atlanta University St
26、udies of Black American Life in the South. Du Bois approached the problem of racial relations in the United States from two dimensions: as a scholarly researcher and as an activist for civil rights. Among his works was the famous empirical sociological study, The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study,
27、in which he examined that citys black population and made recommendations for the school system. Du Boiss Philadelphia study was the pioneer work on urban blacks in America.Du Bois had a long and active career as a leader in the civil rights movement. He helped to organize the Niagara Movement in 19
28、05, which led to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909. From 1910 until 1934, Du Bois edited The Crisis, the major journal of the NAACP. In terms of its educational policy, the NAACP position was that all American children and youth should have g
29、enuine equality of educational opportunity. This policy, which Du Bois helped to formulate, stressed the following themes: (1) public schooling should be free and compulsory for all American children; (2) secondary schooling should be provided for all youth; (3) higher education should not be monopo
30、lized by any special class or race.As a leader in education, Du Bois challenged not only the tradition of racial segregation in the schools but also the accommodationist ideology of Booker T. Washington. The major difference between the two men was that Washington sought change that was evolutionary
31、 in nature and did not upset the social order, whereas Du Bois demanded immediate change. Du Bois believed in educated leadership for blacks, and he developed a concept referred to as the “talented tenth“, according to which 10 percent of the black population would receive a traditional college educ
32、ation in preparation for leadership.26 The phrase “Tuskegee machine“ (Line 3, Para. 1) most probably refers to（A）the established educational system.（B） a kind of tool.（C） the thoughts of Booker T. Washington.（D）the supporters of Booker T. Washington.27 Which of the following is most likely Du Boiss
33、belief?（A）The blacks have a priority in terms of education.（B） Higher education should be free for all races.（C） Everyone has an equal right to education.（D）Development in education should be gradual.28 Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（A）Washington would not appreciat
34、e the idea of overthrowing social order.（B） Racial separation is an outcome of accommodationist ideology.（C） Washington would support a determined and activist leadership.（D）The Philadelphia Negro is a book on blacks in American South.29 Compared with Booker T. Washington, Du Boiss stance was（A）less
35、 popular.（B） more radical.（C） less aggressive.（D）more conservative.30 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（A）many blacks were prepared for leadership.（B） Du Bois was in favor of “elite education“ for blacks.（C） Washington and Du Bois had never been friends.（D）only the top 10 percent were
36、worth educating.30 The protection of cultural diversity from a political and economic point of view in fact became pressing with globalization, which is characterized by the liberalization on a large scale of economic and commercial exchange, and thus, what has been called the commodification of cul
37、ture. It has been noted, for instance, that over the past 20 years, trade in cultural goods has quadrupled and the new international rules (WTO, OECD) on trade are increasingly removing State support and protection measures in favour of national goods and services in the name of market freedom and f
38、ree trade.For those in favour of the promotion of cultural diversity, which includes Canada, France and the Group of 77 (group of developing countries), the aim is above all to obtain from the United States the guarantee that the “ Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultu
39、ral Expressions “, signed by UNESCO in November 2005, would not be subordinated to international trade instruments. Indeed, for the United States and other supporters of free trade, the convention is a bad idea and the measures referred to above stem quite simply from an interventionist conception o
40、f the State which is not likely to favour the market. Subsidies to cultural enterprises, the imposition of broadcast quotas and restrictions on foreign ownership of the media would, for them, interfere with the natural development of the market. In addition, even though it is not official, the conve
41、ntion on cultural diversity is for many Americans an attempt to undermine the global supremacy of their audiovisual industries.If the general understanding of cultural diversity is based mainly on binary distinctions such as modern culture /local culture, the reality of cultural diversity is not bin
42、ary, but stems from respect for and acceptance of differences, dialogue, and the quest for shared values, in order to leave behind the monologism that is a feature of the information society.In this setting, diversity is consequently a way of approaching the structure of how we live together, based
43、on the acceptance of a plural vision of the world. We can see then that cultural diversity is perceived here as the integration, rather than the superposition or juxtaposition of cultures and that the information society in which it is expressed is above all a society of shared knowledge.31 The comm
44、odification of culture is a feature of（A）cultural diversity.（B） globalization.（C） international trade.（D）information technology.32 According to the text, the WTO（A）is in favour of national cultural products.（B） is harmful to cultural diversity.（C） is to ensure the survival of cultural diversity.（D）i
45、s to make decisions on culture.33 What is the first task of the advocators of cultural diversity?（A）To negotiate with the United States of America.（B） To revise some of the articles of the WTO.（C） To subordinate the Convention to the WTO and others.（D）To avoid the influence of information technology
46、.34 The Americans believe that hidden behind the claims of cultural diversity（A）is a bad idea to harm the free market.（B） is an interventionist conception of the State.（C） is an intention to beat their culture industries.（D）is an attempt to undermine the WTO.35 Cultural diversity actually needs an i
47、nformation society which（A）commodificates cultures.（B） has a dominant culture.（C） favours the free trade.（D）shares knowledge.35 If phone calls and Web pages can be beamed through the air to portable devices, then why not electrical power, too? It is a question many consumers and device manufacturers
48、 have been asking themselves for some time. But to seasoned observers of the electronics industry, the promise of wireless recharging sounds de-pressingly familiar. In 2004 Splashpower, a British technology firm, was citing “very strong“ interest from consumer-electronics firms for its wireless char
49、ging pad. Based on the principle of electromagnetic induction (EMI) that Faraday had discovered in the 19th century, the companys “Splashpad“ contained a coil that generated a magnetic field when a current flowed through it. When a mobile device containing a corresponding coil was brought near the pad, the process was reversed as the magnetic field generated a current in the second coil, charging the devices battery without the use of wires. Unfortunately, a
