1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 174 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 There are dinosaurs in abundance along Dorset and East Devons spectacular Jurassic Coast. Frequently proclaimed as “walking with dinosaurs“ or a “walk t
2、hrough time“ the section of the South West Coast Path which stretches from Studland Bay in Dorset to Exmouth in Devon is nothing if not dramatic. There are sections of the walksuch as the lush jungle-like undercliff between Seaton and Lyme Regiswhich are pure Jurassic Park. At any moment you half ex
3、pect a fearsome creature to stamp out of the swamp and ferns.But its the sense of natural history, geology and the sheer varied beauty of the coastline that makes this a walkers paradise. The Jurassic Coast represents 185 million years of earth history in just 95 miles. The red cliffs of East Devon
4、date back some 240 million years to the Triassic period when vast deserts covered the area.A fossil walk is one way of getting hands-on experience of the landscapes geology. Brandon Lennon is a professional fossil collector who runs guided tours. The walks are planned around safe tides and only last
5、 a few hours so one can be easily incorporated into a longer walk. According to Lennon, because of a relatively calm winter this year there have been few landslips and subsequently not much erosion which loosens the fossils on to the beach. But on the weekend that I visited in May, someone still man
6、aged to find part of the vertebrae of an ichthyosaur and an ammonite.There are also other guides who will help you plan a walking trip along parts or all of the Jurassic Coast. At the Devon end, Simon Gooch has just launched Jurassic Coast Tours. He offers tailor-made advice to walkers and is happy
7、to lend out rucksacks, binoculars and drop and pick up guests in his minibusa useful service if you dont want to have to wait for the bus or burden yourself with the rucksack while walking along the coast.However, if youre going it alone, heres an idea. Take the slow train to Dorchester or Axminster
8、. Get picked up from the station by the walker-friendly people at the Bull Hotel in Bridportif you can get a bed at this increasingly popular boutique hotel. From here you can walk a mile out of town along the river to West Bay and turn right to Lyme Regis or left towards Burton Bradstock and Chesil
9、 Beach. Alternatively a member of staff will drop you off somewhere along the Jurassic Coast and you can make your own way back to the hotel. The deal is you take the Bulls resident spaniel Lulu with you.1 The phrase “walking with dinosaurs“(Line 2, Paragraph 1)most probably means（A）the section of t
10、he path was named by people as “walking with dinosaurs“.（B） on this section of the South West Path, you can see dinosaur models.（C） the section is very dangerous, because there are some frightening animals coming out from aside.（D）there are dinosaurs fossils on this section of Path.2 Why was the Jur
11、assic Coast called a walkers paradise?（A）The Jurassic Coast has a very long history as a tourist attraction.（B） Visitors can only walk on foot instead of driving along the Jurassic coast.（C） A walker can discover the long history and appreciate the natural beauty of the Jurassic Coast.（D）A walker ca
12、n find many red cliffs formed in different times along the Jurassic Coast.3 According to Lennon, we can infer（A）landslips are helpful to visitors while visiting Jurassic Coast.（B） the best time to visit Jurassic Coast is tide season.（C） bad weather can make dinosaur fossils loose, thus more difficul
13、t obtained by tourists.（D）finding dinosaur fossils can help tourists know more about the formation of the coast.4 If you go to Jurassic Coast by yourself, the author may suggest you avoid（A）calling a taxi to pick you up to the Bull Hotel.（B） reserving a room in the Bull Hotel in advance because it i
14、s very popular.（C） taking a walk along Jurassic Coast for a while and coming back to the Bull Hotel by yourself.（D）going out with the company of a dog in the Bull Hotel.5 The main purpose of the author in writing this text is to（A）introduce dinosaurs and their homeland in Dorset and East Devon.（B） d
15、escribe the natural history, geology and the beauty of the Jurassic Coast.（C） suggest that people take an adventure to Jurassic Coast alone.（D）advertise the charm of Jurassic Coast and attract more tourists to go there.5 Police in the popular resort city Virginia Beach recently began operating video
16、 surveillance cameras with controversial face recognition technology. Virginia Beach and Tampa in Florida are two cities in the United States to acquire the technology, which cost it $197,000. “Before we switched it on, we went through an extensive public education process with hearings and the invo
17、lvement of citizen groups and minority groups, who helped write the policies we are using,“ said deputy police chief Greg Mullen. A citizens auditing committee has the right to perform unannounced spot checks on police headquarters to make sure the technology is not being misused.Three of the citys
18、13 cameras are linked full-time to the face recognition system, though the others can be activated as needed. The database of wanted people is updated every day. So far, the system has failed to produce a single arrest, though it has generated a few false alarms. It works by analyzing faces based on
19、 a series of measurements, such as the distance from the tip of the nose to the chin or the space between the eyes. Critics say it is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled. Mullen, who sees the system eventually being linked to the databases of other city, state and federal law enforcement agen
20、cies to track criminals and suspected terrorists, said, “The system doesnt look at skin color or your hair or your gender. It takes human prejudices out of the equation. “This technology has little or no effect on the crime rate but it does have an effect on peoples behavior. People feel cowed,“ sai
21、d Bruce Steinhardt, who directs a technology. Despite the fact that tests have shown face recognition only works in around 30 percent of cases, the ACLU is alarmed that the technology may soon spread to airports. The organization also fears it could potentially be used to monitor individuals politic
22、al activities to harass law-abiding citizens.“This kind of surveillance should be subject to the same procedures as wiretaps. Law enforcement agencies should justify why they need it and it should be tightly limited, otherwise it will soon become a tool of social control,“ said Mihir Kshirsagar of t
23、he Electronic Information Privacy Center. Nor does such criticism come exclusively from the political left. Lawyer John Whitehead, founder of the conservative Rutherford Institute, wrote in an editorial that the technology threatened the right of each U. S. citizen to participate in society. “After
24、all, that is exactly what constant surveillance isthe ultimate implied threat of coercion,“ he wrote.6 Mullens statement in Paragraph 1 indicates that（A）police is confident in using the technology.（B） police has made preparation for the use of the technology.（C） citizens have rights over managing th
25、e technology.（D）police has gone through public education process.7 Why does the system fail to arrest a wanted person?（A）The system is not effective in recognizing people.（B） The system does not look at skin color or ones gender.（C） The system does not consider peoples specific features.（D）The syste
26、m is highly inaccurate and can be easily fooled.8 What is the ACLUs attitude toward the system?（A）Worried.（B） Skeptical.（C） Confident.（D）Indifferent.9 In John Whiteheads opinion, face recognition technology（A）may interfere with peoples privacy.（B） may enhance the countrys constant surveillance.（C） c
27、an be used in the same way wiretaps are used.（D）can be used after its threat has been removed.10 What is this passage mainly about?（A）Disadvantages of face recognition technology.（B） Purposes of face recognition technology.（C） Controversial face recognition technology.（D）Effect of face recognition t
28、echnology.10 McGraw receives daily text messages from Seventeen magazine about fashion, including tips about what to wear to the prom. She planned to take the magazines suggestion to wear a brightly colored outfit and be prepared for “dress malfunctions. “ “When the texts recommend a certain look th
29、at sounds good, I will try it out, but it doesnt always mean buying something,“ the 17-year-old Laguna Niguel resident said.Yakking teens and phones have been inseparable for decades. The difference today is that teens use their cellphones for a lot more than just talking. It has become a palm-size
30、entertainment and information center increasingly consuming their time and attention. Advertisers are realizing that if they want to reach teens, they need their numbersliterally.Hearst Magazines, for instance, has developed nine different mobile sites across different magazines, including Seventeen
31、 and Cosmo Girl. Cosmo Girls site contains information on horoscopes, gossip, fashion, career advice and beauty tips, alongside promotions from retail giant J. C. Penney Co. and cosmetics maker Clinique Laboratories. Teens can also send a text message when they see a product they like in the magazin
32、e and sometimes receive a free sample.Teens dont seem to mind the text messages they receive from the retailers. Tsunder said only 4% of people who sign up for the texts ask to stop getting them. And Miller said 2% to 4% of those who see or receive ads on mobile phones click on them to find out more
33、 information. On the Internet via computers, so-called click-through rates are generally closer to 0. 01%.Some teens do mind, however, if advertisers bug them too overtly, said Alyson Hyder, media director for California at Avenue A/Razorfish, a digital marketing firm. “They will be quick to turn on
34、 the backlash,“ Hyder said. Thats why “brands that target the teen audience are looking at more authentic ways to insert themselves into the conversation, as opposed to advertising. “When Kiwibox. com, an online teen magazine, launches a service to send teens text messages with horoscopes and celebr
35、ity alerts this year, theyll include a short advertisement at the end sponsored by different brands such as Sparq Inc. , a company that designs workout training programs for aspiring athletes, and Paramount Pictures. But it can be a thin line between the type of product pitches that teens will accep
36、t on their mobile phones and those they wont.11 Advertisers need their numbers if they want to reach teens because（A）many organizations or agents reveal teens numbers for profit.（B） phones are interwoven into teens daily life.（C） parents buy teens a cell phone for connection anytime.（D）teenagers are
37、 prone to being attracted by advertisements.12 The word “conversation“(Line 8, Paragraph 4)probably implies that（A）advertisers need to talk to teenagers.（B） all brands can improve through chatting with consumers.（C） consumers have their rights to avoid advertisements interference.（D）a survey should
38、be carried out before products are launched.13 Which of the following statements is true about the text?（A）Cell phones are multifunctional and multidimensional today.（B） Teenagers seem not to be used to text messages from retailers.（C） Kiwibox. com is specialized in workout training programs for ath
39、letes.（D）Text message advertising, if used tactfully, can benefit many companies.14 According to the passage, we can infer that（A）teenagers sometimes are promotion targets.（B） many people dont want to be bothered by ads.（C） teens can get a free sample by sending a text message.（D）text message advert
40、isement serves as a lure for teenagers.15 The probable title of this passage is（A）Multifunction of Mobile Phones.（B） A Rising IndustryText Messages.（C） Ads in Text Messages.（D）Should We Stop Text Message Ads?15 “With two friends I started a journey to Greece, the most horrendous of all journeys. It
41、had all the details of a nightmare: barefoot walking in rough roads, risking death in the dark, police dogs hunting us, drinking water from the rain pools in the road and a rude awakening at gunpoint from the police under a bridge. My parents were terrified and decided that it would be better to pay
42、 someone to hide me in the back of a car. “This 16-year-old Albanian high-school drop-out, desperate to leave his impoverished country for the nirvana of clearing tables in an Athens restaurant, might equally well have been a Mexican heading for Texas or an Algerian youngster sneaking into France. H
43、e had the misfortune to be born on the wrong side of a line that now divides the world: the line between those whose passports allow them to move and settle reasonably freely across the richer worlds borders, and those who can do so only by hiding in the back of a truck, and with forged papers.Teari
44、ng down that divide would be one of the fastest ways to boost global economic growth. The gap between labours rewards in the poor world and the rich, even for something as menial as clearing tables, dwarfs the gap between the prices of traded goods from different parts of the world. The potential ga
45、ins from liberalising migration therefore dwarf those from removing barriers to world trade. But those gains can be made only at great political cost. Countries rarely welcome strangers into their midst.Everywhere, international migration has shot up the list of political concerns. The horror of Sep
46、tember 11th has toughened Americas approach to immigrants, especially students from Islamic countries, and blocked the agreement being negotiated with Mexico. In Europe, the far right has flourished in elections in Austria, Denmark and the Netherlands.Although many more immigrants arrive legally tha
47、n hidden in trucks or boats, voters fret that governments have lost control of who enters their country. The result has been a string of measures to try to tighten and enforce immigration rules. But however much governments clamp down, both immigration and immigrants are here to stay. Powerful econo
48、mic forces are at work. It is impossible to separate the globalisation of trade and capital from the global movement of people. Borders will leak; companies will want to be able to move staff; and liberal democracies will balk at introducing the draconian measures required to make controls truly wat
49、ertight.Technology also aids migration. The fall in transport costs has made it cheaper to risk a trip, and cheap international telephone calls allow Bulgarians in Spain to tip off their cousins back home that there are fruit-picking jobs available. The United States shares a long border with a developing country; Europe is a boat-ride across the Mediterranean from the worlds poorest continent. The rich economies create millions of jobs that the underemployed young in the poor world willingly fill. So demand and supply will constantly conspi
