1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 23 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 The Disturbing State of Americans HealthIf Americans have been slow to realize the disturbing state of our collective health, we haveas individuals and a
2、s a nationat last begun to wake up. Take our long and almost always unhappy battle with weight. In recent years, the scale has been telling not just a distressing tale, but also a truly shocking one. Between 1980 and 2004, the prevalence of obesity in the US doubled among adults, surging to 72 milli
3、on, or one-third of people ages 20 and older. Worse, the percentage of overweight or obese kids rose to 17%. If all those numbers could be cut by even a third, the ripple effect would in turn slash rates of hypertension (高血压), heart disease, diabetes, cancer, joint damage and more, not to mention th
4、e myriad costs associated with fighting these illnesses.And indeed, there may be flickers (M8R) of hope. From 2005 to 2006, the percentage of women and children who are overweight appeared to stabilize, while the rate for men increased only slightly. “Thats good, but its not as if its flattening at
5、a good level,“ notes Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist at the National Center for Health statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Still, the improvement is no accident, and for women and particularly children, it can be traced to aggressive nutrition and exercise messages p
6、romoted in schools, hospitals, community groups and churchesprecisely the kind of low cost, high-impact measures health experts love.Similar preventive methods may help cap soaring cholesterol levels. Since the late 1960s,the average serum cholesterol level of adults has continued to drop, from a hi
7、gh of 220 mg/dL down to 199 mg/dL in 2006. That cut the percentage of Americans with high cholesterol (胆固醇) to 17% , precisely the goal set by the Healthy People 2010 targetsand it was reached four years ahead of schedule. Routine blood tests for low-and high-density lipoproteins (脂肪蛋白) , or bad and
8、 good cholesterolas well as the use of cholesterollowering medications when neededhave played a major role in powering those improvements.The same principles of education, prevention and early treatment can apply to mental health as well.One in 20 Americans over age 12 reported feeling depressed in
9、2006, with non-Hispanic blacks making up the largest percentage. Although 80% of Americans admitted that their symptoms interfered with their ability to work, only 29% had contacted a mental health professional. Recent improvements in screening at primary-care facilities, one of the goals set by Hea
10、lthy People 2010, may help address this problem: while 62% of primary care facilities provided treatment for mental disorders in 2000. 74% do so now.1 Which of the following is true according to Para. 1 ?（A）Americans are always concerned about their health.（B） There is a big increase in the number o
11、f obese adults in America from 1980 to 2004.（C） There is no increase in the percentage of overweight kids from 1980 to 2004.（D）It is hard to say whether the joint damage is related to the obesity.2 What can be inferred from Para.2?（A）The American health situation is worsened recently.（B） Schools, ch
12、urches have done a lot to help improve the health situation.（C） It is expensive to do health education for hospitals.（D）The percentages of overweight men, women and children were down from 2005 to 2006.3 What conclusion can be made about American cholesterol levels?（A）There are no signs for good cha
13、nge in the late 1960s.（B） The percentage of Americans with high cholesterol decreased by 17% in 2006.（C） There are effective ways to help decrease the cholesterol levels.（D）Blood test for cholesterol levels helps a little to decrease the cholesterol levels.4 What can we learn from Para. 4?（A）There a
14、re more facilities that can provide mental care.（B） 80% of people who feel depressed will turn for a professional.（C） It is reported that more whites are depressed in 2006.（D）It is impossible to treat mental disorders in a low-cost way.5 This passage is mainly to_.（A）acknowledge the good changes and
15、 point out how to further the improvements（B） emphasize the aspects that need more attention and investment（C） criticize people that they were hesitant to ask for help from the doctors（D）show the relation between health education and health situation5 Google ProfileThe act of Googling oneself has be
16、come the digital ages leading guilty pleasurean activity enjoyed by all and admitted by few. The phenomenon has even been the subject of scholarly research. Last year, a study concluded that the practice of self-Googling can partly be traced to a rise in narcissism (自恋) in society, but that it is al
17、so an attempt by people to identify and shape their personal online “brand“.The reason people search for themselves is that theyre curious about what other people see when they search for their name. One problem is they dont have any control over the search results and they will never appear on the
18、first page of the search results. If your name is Brian Jones and youre not the former Rolling Stones guitarist, you dont exist.To give people a bit more control over search results, Google introduced a feature this week called a “Google profile“, which users can create so that a little personal inf
19、ormation appears at the bottom of US name search pages. Once users create a Google profile, their name, occupation, location and photo if they choose appears in a box on the first page of the search results for their name. Besides, theres a link to a full Google profile page that in many ways resemb
20、les a Facebook page.The similarity to Facebook is no accident. By giving users a little control over the results that appear on a search for their name, Google hopes to establish a social network base and take on wildly popular sites like Facebook and MySpace. Facebook users who otherwise couldnt be
21、 bothered to set up a separate profile page on Google might find the idea appealing if it gives them some control over the Google search resuits for their name.The more information you add to your profile, the higher your page is likely to be ranked on a Google search for your name and associated ke
22、ywords, such as the name of your hometown, your job title or where you work or go to school. And the more richly detailed your Google profile is, the more Google knows about you. Theres no advertisement attached to Google profiles, but in the future, the company could easily sell ads targeted to you
23、r personal details, much as theyve already done on Gmail.6 What is the possible meaning of “guilty pleasure“ (Line 2,Para. 1)?（A）Illegal activities.（B） Shameful activities.（C） Disgusting activities.（D）Secret activities.7 What can make ones information on the first page of the search results?（A）One s
24、hould key in ones own name and wait.（B） One should be patient and curious about the search results.（C） One should be very famous in the country or in the world.（D）One should be able to control the search results.8 What can we learn about “Google profile“ from Para. 3?（A）It aims at making people have
25、 more skills to control the search results.（B） Users can add their personal information to it.（C） The users name, job, position and photo can be found in it.（D）Google profile is a substitute for Facebook page.9 What is the main reason for Googles introducing Google profile?（A）To make an accidental c
26、oincidence.（B） To compete with other similar websites.（C） To appeal to more users.（D）To set up more profile pages on Google.10 What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?（A）More information makes less appearance on a Google search.（B） Google will keep users personal information safe
27、.（C） In the future users will receive advertisements from Google.（D）Gmail is a good mail service without any ads.10 The Internet Remade Spying ProfessionWild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later la
28、id the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “great game“ of espionagespying as a “profession“.These days the Net, which has already remade such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocatio
29、n as well.The last revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemens e-mail.That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “ open s
30、ource intelligence“, and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of t
31、he electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in the new world is Straitford, Inc. , a private intelligence analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy services firm
32、McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at www. straitford. corn.Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy v
33、acuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs, we II suddenly get 500 new Internet sign ups from Ukraine,“ says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And we II hear back from some of them.“ Open source spying does
34、have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitford earns its keep.11 The emergence of the Net has_.（A）received support from fans like Donovan（B） remolded the intelligence services（C） restored many common pastimes（D）revived spying as a profe
35、ssion12 Donovans story is mentioned in the text to_.（A）introduce the topic of online spying（B） show how he fought for the US（C） give an episode of the information war（D）honor his unique services to the CIA13 The phrase “making the biggest splash“ (Line 1 2, Para. 3) most probably means（A）causing the
36、 biggest trouble（B） exerting the greatest effort（C） achieving the greatest success（D）enjoying the widest popularity14 it can be learned from Para. 4 that_.（A）Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved true（B） Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information（C） Straitfords business is c
37、haracterized by unpredictability（D）Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information15 Straitford is most proud of its_.（A）official status（B） nonconformist image（C） efficient staff（D）military background15 Private File-Sharing NetworksMuffin Man has more than 2,000 songs on his hard drive, an
38、d hes happy to share them. Hes a big fan of bands like Pearl Jam and the White Stripes, so theres plenty of hard rock in his collection.But chances are youll never get to it. The 21-year-old pizza cook, who asked to be identified by his online nickname, makes his songs available only through private
39、 file-sharing networks known as darknets. Unlike such public networks as Kazaa or Morpheus, which let you share songs with anyone, private networks operate more like underground nightclubs or secret societies. To gain access, you need to know the name of the group and a password. And the only way to
40、 get that information is from another member who invites you in. Some darknets even encrypt files and mask your identity within a group to keep eavesdroppers from finding out who you are and what you are sharing.Its a handy invention now that the recording industry has taken to suing kids who share
41、music online. But darknets are not just for digital music files. Carving out a bit of privacy online has wide appeal; students, community groups and even political dissidents can use these hidden networks to share projects, papers and information. One part of the allure is anonymity; the other is ex
42、clusivity. Since participation is limited, file searches dont turn up a lot of junk or pornography. Darknets offer the convenience of the Web without a lot of the bad stuff.You need special software to start a darknet of your own. The two most popular programs are Direct Connect by NeoModus (at neom
43、odus. com) and an open-source variation of it called DC + + , available at sourceforge. net. More than 800,000 copies of DC+ + have been downloaded since mid-July. A third program, called Waste (also at sourceforge. net), automatically encrypts files but is much harder to use.There are no good estim
44、ates of how many people use darknets. Lowtec, a college sophomore studying computer engineering, figures that 10% of the students at his school (which he declined to name) share files through Direct Connect. “Its much faster than Kazaa,“ he says. Thats because private networks typically link small,
45、close-knit communities in which all members have superfast connections.The recording industry so far hasnt put much effort into combatting the secret networks, but its neglect might not last long. If networks like Kazaa become too risky, darknets could quickly rise to take their place. And if that h
46、appens, the music industry could find itself chasing users who are that much harder to catch.16 From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_.（A）Muffin Mans songs will be available if you know his online nickname（B） outsiders cannot visit darknets without the invitation from a member（C） Kazaa is to
47、darknets what police is to underground world（D）its impossible for people to find out your tree identity on the darknets17 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?（A）Darknets are being accused by the recording industry of allowing kids to share music online.（B） People use dark
48、nets to share music mainly.（C） One advantage of darknets is that people can avoid reading unwanted information.（D）Users of private networks are mostly students.18 The word “allure“ (Line 8, Para. 3) most probably means_.（A）advantage（B） achievement（C） feature（D）appeal19 We can draw a conclusion from
49、the text that_.（A）darknets may become a headache of the music industry（B） the age of darknets is within reach（C） darknets may excel Kazaa in the number of its users very soon（D）the music industry will lose the battle against darknets20 From the text we can see that the writer seems_.（A）positive（B） negative（C） doubtful（D）uncertain20 Remote MonitoringValeta Young, 81, a retiree from Lodi, Calif. , suffers from congestive heart failure and req
