1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 16 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate put the following passage into Chinese (福建师范大学 2004 研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible.I share a different opinion. I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate des
2、ires, but whats really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss in that“ wonderful“ life is the chang
3、e that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is the one most important gift from God.
4、 All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thing on the face of this planet. Sudde
5、nly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking somethinganything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely predators of their own humanity. The
6、y look upon soul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own creation, these dreams are.and they say
7、money is harmlesshow could they say that?2 Translate the following paragraph into Chinese( 武汉大学 2013 研，考试科目：基础英语)Most investigation in the field of industrial psychology are concerned with the question of how the productivity of the individual worker can be increased, and how he can be made to work
8、with less friction: psychology has lent its services to “human engineering, “ an attempt to treat the worker and employer like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. While Taylor was primarily concerned with a better organization of the technical use of the workers physical powers, most
9、industrial psychologists are mainly concerned with the manipulation of the workers psyche. The underlying idea can be formulated like this: If he works better when he is happy, then let us make him happy, secure, satisfied, or anything else, provided it raises his out put and diminishes friction. In
10、 the name of “ human relations, “ the worker is treated with all devices which suit a completely alienated person: even happiness and human values are recommended in the interest of better relations with the public, thus, for instance, according to Time magazine, one of the best-know American psychi
11、atrists said to a group of fifteen hundred Supermarket executives:“ Its going to be an increased satisfaction to our customers if we are happy.It is going to pay off in cold dollars and cents to management, if we could put some of these general principles of values, human relationships, really into
12、practice. “ One speaks of “human relations“ and one means the most inhuman relations, those between alienated automatons:one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.3 Translate the following sentences into English(武汉大学 2012 研，考试
13、科目：基础英语)In general, the United States was founded upon European, and especially British, precedents. Culturally speaking , America might be called a European colony. However, to say so is to draw attention to the complexity of the A-merican scene. No other colony has been so heterogeneously populate
14、d, or so long politically independent of Europe. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its cleavage from, and superiority to, the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old Wor
15、ld modes and New World possibilities. Yesterday has been dismissed and pined for:tomorrow has been invoked and dreaded. It has not been the most favorable of situations for the production of literature. As A-merican, the writer has distrusted Europe: as writer, he has envied the riches available to
16、his European counterpart. At any rate, this was true of creative literature: the novel, the poem, and the play were for long inhibited in the United States. By and large, critical and historical writings have flowed more easily from American pens.4 Translate the following English into Chinese(武汉大学 2
17、011 研，考试科目：英语综合)Psychologically there are two dangers to be guarded against in old age. One of these is undue absorption in the past. It does not do to live in memories, in regrets for the good old days, or in sadness about friends who are dead. Ones thoughts must be directed to the future, and to t
18、hings about which there is something to be done. This is not always easy: ones own past is a gradually increasing weight. It is easy to think to oneself that ones emotions used to be more vivid than they are, and ones mind more keen.The other thing to be avoided is clinging to youth in the hope of s
19、ucking vigour from its vitality. When your children are grown up they want to live their own lives, and if you continue to be as interested in them as you were when they were young, you are likely to become a burden to them, unless they are unusually callous. I do not mean that one should be without
20、 interest in them, but ones interest should be contemplative and, if possible, philanthropic, but not unduly emotional. Animals become indifferent to their young as soon as their young can look after themselves, but human beings, owing to the length of infancy, find this difficult.I think that a suc
21、cessful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive.5 Translate the following passa
22、ge into Chinese by using proper translating strategies and methods(中南财经政法大学 2009 研，考试科目：语言学、文学与翻译)Future historians, I hope, will consider the American fast food industry a relic of the 20th centurya set of attitudes, systems, and beliefs that emerged from postwar southern California, that embodied
23、its limitless faith in technology , that quickly spread across the globe, flourished briefly, and then receded, once its true costs became clear and its thinking became obsolete. We cannot ignore the meaning of mad cow. It is one more warning about unintended consequences, about human arrogance and
24、the blind worship of science. The same mind-set that would add beef to your chicken nuggets would also feed pigs to cows. Whatever replaces the fast food industry should be regional, diverse, authentic, unpredictable, sustainable, profitable and humble. It should know its limits. People can be fed w
25、ithout being fattened or deceived. This new century may bring an impatience with conformity, a refusal to be kept in the dark, less greed, more compassion, less speed, more common sense, a sense of humor about brand essences and loyalties, a view of food as more than just fuel. Things dont have to b
26、e the way they are. Despite all evidence to the contrary, I remain optimistic.6 Translate the following passage into fluent Chinese by using proper translating strategies and skills(中南财经政法大学 2008 研，考试科目：翻译与写作 )“Duty“ , “Honor“ , “Country“those three hallowed(神圣的)words reverently dictate what you wan
27、t to be, what you can be, what you will be. They are you rallying point to behold courage when courage seems to fail, to regain faith when these seems to be little cause for faith, to create hope when hope becomes forlorn(被遗弃的). Unhappily , I possess neither that eloquence of diction, that poetry of
28、 imagination, nor that brilliance of metaphor to tell you all that they mean.The unbelievers will say they are but words, but a slogan, but a flamboyant(华丽的)phrase. Every pedant, every demagogue, every cynic, every hypocrite(虚伪的人), every troublemaker, and, I am sorry to say, some others of an entire
29、ly different character, will try to downgrade them even to the extent of mockery and ridicule.But these are some of the things they do. They build your basic character. They mold you for your future roles as the custodians(监护人，卫士)of the nations defense. They make you for strong enough to know when y
30、ou are weak, and brave enough to face yourself when you are afraid.They teach you to be proud and unbending in honest failure, but humble and gentle in success, not to substitute words for action, not to seek the path of comfort, but to face the stress and spur of difficulty and challenge: to learn
31、to stand up in the storm, but to have compassion on those who fall: to master yourself before you seek to master others: to have a heart that is clean, a goal that is high to learn to laugh, yet never forget how to weep to reach into the future, yet never neglect the past: to be servers, yet never t
32、ake yourself too seriously, to be modest so that you will remember the simplicity of true greatness:the open mind of true wisdom, the meekness of true strength.They give you a temperate will, a quality of imagination, a vigor of the emotions, a freshness of the deep springs of life, a temperamental
33、predominance of courage over timidity, an appetite for adventure over love of ease. They create in your heart the sense of wonder, the unfailing hope of what next, and the joy and its inspiration of life. They teach you in this way to be an officer and a gentleman.7 Translate the following passages
34、into Chinese(湖北大学 2008 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I still keep in mind a certain wonderful sunset which I witnessed when steam-boating was new to me. A broad expanse of the river was turned to blood: in the middle distance the red hue brightened into gold, through which a solitary log came floating black and cons
35、picuous: in one place a long, slanting mark lay sparkling upon the water: in another the surface was broken by boiling, tumbling waves, that were as many-tinted as an opal: where the ruddy flush was faintest, was a smooth spot that was covered with graceful circles and radiating lines, ever so delic
36、ately traced: the shore on our left was densely wooded, and the somber shadow that fell from this forest was broken in one place by a long, curvy trail that shone like silver: and high above the forest wall a clean-stemmed dead tree waved a single gold leafy bough that glowed like a flame in the uno
37、bstructed splendor that was flowing from the sun. There were graceful curves, reflected images, woody heights, soft distances: and over the whole scene, far and near, the dissolving lights drifted steadily, enriching it every passing moment with new marvels of coloring.8 I have a dream that one day
38、this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “ We hold theses truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. “I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and sons of former slave owners will be able to sit together at the table o
39、f brotherhood.I have a dream my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.I have a dream today! When we allow freedom to ring, when we let it ring from every village and hamlet, from every state a
40、nd city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods childrenblack men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestantswill be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “free at least, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. “9 Englis
41、h-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学 2012 研，考试科目：写作翻译)Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward co
42、urse, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasyecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves lonelinessthat terrible lon
43、eliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I
44、 sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is whatat lastI have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds s
45、way above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless
46、 old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance
47、were offered me.(Bertrand Russell: What I Have lived for)10 English-Chinese Translation(华中师范大学 2011 研，考试科目：写作翻译)Torcello, which used to be lonely as a cloud, has recently become an outing from Venice. Many more visitors than it can comfortably hold pour into it, off the regular steamers, off charter
48、ed motor-boats, and off yachts: all day they amble up the towpath, looking for what? The cathedral is decorated with early mosaics-scenes from hell, much restored, and a great sad, austere Madonna: Byzantine art is an acquired taste and probably not one in ten of the visitors have acquired it. They
49、wander into the church and look round aimlessly. They come out on to the village green and photograph each other in a stone armchair, said to be the throne of Attila. They relentlessly tear at the wild roses which one has seen in bud and longed to see in bloom and which for a day have scented the whole island. As soon as they are picked the roses fade and are thrown into the canal. The Americans visit the inn to eat or drink something. The English declare that they cant afford to do this. They take food which they have brought with them into the vineyard and I a
