1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 6 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 中国人民大学 2005 研，考试科目：基础英语)TEINT DE PERLE VISAGE FIN TEINT DE PERLE VISAGE FIN is a new generation of modelling foundation, which refines facial contours while illuminating the complexion with a pearl-like radiance. Its ul
2、tra-fine and silky texture glides smoothly onto the skin to adorn it with a powdered veil.A RADIANT COMPLEXIONA pearl extract, whose composition is close to the NMF(Natural Moisturizing Factor), helps reinforce the skins natural hydration: the skin is perfectly hydrated and comfortable all day long.
3、 Light reflecting pigments create a “halo“ , which optically smoothes out the skins surface, thus reducing small imperfections:the complexion is even, translucent and brightened.A REDEFINITION OF FACIAL CONTOURSBi-reflecting pigments enliven features, and redefine facial contours while playing with
4、light and shadow. The reflection highlight the round areas of the face(forehead, cheekbones, chin). The amber reflection shapes the face by enhancing the shadowy areas(cheeks, sides of nose). Facial contours are re-sculpted, features are refined.A FRESH STAY-TRUE COMPLEXION ALL DAY LONGTEINT DE PERL
5、E VISAGE FIN provides exceptional softness to touch and ensures a flawless finish.The presence of “long radiance “pigments coated with silica helps color last for hours. This coating acts as a shield against sebum and perspiration production, main causes of shade tarnishing. The long-lasting matt fi
6、nish is ensured by a combination of “anti-shine“powders characterized by their softness and absorbing properties. Sunscreens(SPF 20)protect the skin from UVA and UVB and help preserve the complexions fairness.The complexion remains fresh and radiant throughout the day.AN ADJUSTABLE MAKE-UP FINISHApp
7、ly TEINT DE PERLE VISAGE FIN after your regular day care. The double sided applicator enables you to adjust the coverage according to your mood.Dry sponge for a natural and light make-up finish.Damp sponge for a more sophisticated and flawless finish.Puff side for touch-ups during the day. A rapid,
8、unifying and matifying application, without creating a masklike look.Be careful to frequently wash the sponge with soap and water and to let it dry completely after use.2 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 中国人民大学 2004 研，考试科目：基础英语)The laptop computer is a small, portable computer thats lig
9、ht and small enough to hold on your lap. It is smaller than a luggage but larger than a notebook computer. A laptop usually weighs between 8 and 14 pounds, and when folded shut is about the size of a small briefcase. Laptops can be plugged in or run on batteries, although the batteries must be recha
10、rged every few hours. Laptop computers use a thin, light weight display screen called a flat-panel display, rather than the cathode ray tube technology of larger personal computers. Laptop displays vary widely in quality. Typically, their display screens show fewer lines than displays on larger comp
11、uters and can be difficult to read in bright light. Laptops are self-contained units, having their own CPUs, memory, and disk drives. While more expensive than a desktop computer with equivalent computing power, a laptop can be ideal for the on-the-go user who needs a second, portable computer. Lapt
12、ops arent always a suitable replacement for desktop computer, since they cant be expanded or modified easily should your computing needs change. Also, the display is inferior to standard video graphics array(VGA)displays, although active matrix displays compete well except for size.3 Translation fro
13、m English to Chinese(北京师范大学 2008 研，考试科目：英语语言文学)The establishment of communication between people belonging to different speech communities has long been an important form of linguistic performance. Under the influence of the Department of “Theoretical and Applied Linguistics“ of Karl-Marx University
14、 of Leipzig, the word Translation recently made its way into the German language: this word is now often, though not generally used in the German speaking world as an umbrella term for translating and interpreting to denote interlingual communication. Little is known about the beginnings of Translat
15、ion: it is known only that interpreting, i. e. the oral form of Translation, is older than its written counterpart: under what conditions the first interlingual language contacts took place, however, what factors played a role(commercial, military, political, cultural), and how individual speech com
16、munities developed such language contacts, are all questions whose answers are of a largely hypothetical nature and can thus easily get lost in the realm of mythological or theological speculation. This can easily lead to mistaking cause for effect, as for example in the biblical story of the buildi
17、ng of the Tower of Babel:“.men were not scattered around because they could not understand one anothers speech. They could not understand one another because they were scattered: in the(Babel)story cause and effect have been turned around“.(Wolfram Wilss: The Science of Translation)4 Translate the f
18、ollowing passage into chinese(北京师范大学 2007 研，考试科目：英语语言文学)Telling stories is as basic to human beings as eating. More so, in fact, for while food makes us live, stories are what make our lives worth living. They are what make our condition human.This was recognized from the very beginnings of western
19、civilization. Hesiod tells us how the founding myths were invented to explain how the world came to be and how we came to be in it. Myths were stories people told themselves in order to explain themselves to themselves and to others. But it was Aristotle who first developed this insight into a philo
20、sophical position when he argued, in his Poetics, that the art of storytellingdefined as the dramatic imitating and plotting of human actionis what gives us a shareable world.It is, in short, only when haphazard happenings are transformed into story, and thus made memorable over time, that we become
21、 full agents of our history. This becoming historical involves a transition from the flux of events into a meaningful social or political communitywhat Aristotle and the Greeks called a polis. Without this transition from nature to narrative, from time suffered to time enacted and enunciated, it is
22、debatable whether a merely biological life could ever be considered a truly human one.5 Translate the following into Chinese(北京师范大学 2007 研，考试科目：基础英语)It is essential for our apprentice to remember that, though he begins with the vilest hack-workwriting scoffing paragraphs, or advertising pamphlets, o
23、r free-lance snippets for the papersthat even in hack-work quality shows itself to those competent to judge:and he need not always subdue his gold to the lead in which he works. Moreover, conscience and intent are surprisingly true and sane. If he follows the suggestions of his own inward, he will g
24、enerally be right. Moreover again, no one can help him as much as he can help himself. There is no job in the writing world that he cannot have if he really wants it. Writing about something he intimately knows is a sound principle. Hugh Wal-pole, that greatly gifted novelist taught school after lea
25、ving Cambridge, and very sensibly began by writing about school teaching. If you care to see how well he did it, read The Gods and Mr. Perrin. I would propose this test to the would-be writer:Does he feel, honestly, that he could write as convincingly about his own tract of life(whatever it may be)a
26、s Walpole wrote about that boys school? If so, he has a true vocation for literature.The first and most necessary equipment of any writer, be he reporter, advertising copy-man, poet, or historian, is swift, lively, accurate observation. And since consciousness is a rapid, shallow river which we can
27、only rarely dam up deep enough to go swimming and take our ease, it is his positive need(unless he is a genius who can afford to let drift away much of his only source of gold)to keep a note-book handy for the sieving and skimming of this running stream. Samuel Butler has good advice on this topic.
28、Of ideas, he says, you must throw salt on their tails, or they fly away and you never see their bright plumage again. Poems, stories, epigrams, all the happiest freaks of the mind, flit by on wings and at haphazard instants. They must be caught in the air.6 Translate the following passage into Chine
29、se( 北京师范大学 2006 研，考试科目：英语语言文学)From republican Rome onward, translation has been used in language teaching in the European educational system. Though the practice has for some time been abandoned, its long dominance has helped define thinking on translation in Europe and the Americas. It has defined
30、that thinking mainly in terms of “right“ or “wrong“ , “faithful“ or “free“, and other rigid categories. It did so because institutions(the church, the state and its educational system)were interested in ensuring that the books most often translated were translated in the “right“ way, that the transl
31、ation of, say, the Bible and Roman classics were “faithful“. Such a tradition is forced to neglect all kinds of other aspects connected with the phenomenon of translation, a circumstance that could teach us many things about how cultures and literatures function.This book tries to deal with translat
32、ion in a way that goes beyond right or wrong. In this introduction, I try to explain why, and I try to show that the approach I advocate can incorporate older approaches, complement them, and make them more fruitful for future research. I must first ask the reader to imagine the translation of liter
33、ature as taking place not in a vacuum in which two languages meet but, rather, in the context of all the traditions of the two literatures.7 Translate the following English passage into ChineseWrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(对外经济贸易大学 2013 研，考试科目：基础英语)You may have learned that in June 2007, the
34、 U. S. Government began to investigate BAE Systems for a possible violation of the Business Practices and Reports Act. This law replaced the Anti-Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, which was commonly known as the anti-bribery law. The intent is to enhance the image of the United States, and reduce the c
35、ost of doing business by reducing bribery by U. S. exporting companies. The primary means of enforcement is by the record-keeping requirements that are built into the law.Essentially, this law makes it illegal for U. S. exporters to bribe foreign officials to do something that is not one of their no
36、rmal functions. Of course, the definitions of bribe, foreign official, and other terms are critical. It is legal to give a small payment to a foreign customs inspector to get your shipment cleared expeditiously. The small payment would not be considered a bribe, the customs inspector would not be co
37、nsidered a foreign official(not high enough in the hierarchy), and clearing your shipment expeditiously is a normal function for inspectors. It is not legal to give the brother of the minister of health several thousand dollars to bring about the purchase of your line of antibiotics. If your foreign
38、 sales agent pays a bribe and you didnt know about it, you can be held accountable if the Department of Justice believes that you should have known about it.Most U. S. Government officials have understood that not being able to offer bribes puts U. S. firms at a competitive disadvantage with regard
39、to firms of other countries. Therefore, the law has not been enforced very diligently(and it is a hard one to enforce anyway). Still, there have been major convictions with regard to, for example, selling aircraft to the Netherlands and selling petroleum equipment to Mexico. Other countries have bee
40、n joining the United States in trying to reduce corruption. This has been a subject of interest in international trade agreements for the past 60 years.In 1998, the Anti-Bribery and Fair Competition Act was passed. Essentially, it directs the U. S. government to try to reduce the amount of corruptio
41、n on a worldwide basis. The more successful this effort is, the less need there will be for American companies to engage in corrupt practices. This will be good for nearly everyone except those who have been receiving the bribes.8 Translate the following English passage into Chinese(对外经济贸易大学 2012 研，
42、考试科目：基础英语)Most textiles and apparel, cheese, chocolate, and a few other products are subject to U. S. import quotas. They serve to protect domestic industry by limiting the supply and therefore raising the prices of foreign products to U. S. consumers, and by allocating production among supplying co
43、untries. For example, a quota on Swiss cheese and so permits other countries to take part of the market.Foreign governments need systems for deciding which of their companies will be able to use their quotas in the U. S. Market, and, of course, they want to get the highest possible value of exports
44、from the allowable quantities. They use different systems to allocate quotas, including auctioning them in blocks. Holders of quotas are often allowed to sell them to other suppliers, who hope to get higher prices from their U. S. Buyers.Customs and Border Protection helps many countries entrance th
45、eir quota arrangements by requiring that import shipments of quota goods be accompanied by visas issued by the designated authorities in the exporting countries. This means that if your shipment of canned tuna from Thailand reaches U. S. Customs and there is no visa among the documents, it probably
46、cannot be entered. You can apply to the Thai consulate for a visa, but it will not be granted unless the responsible agency in Bangkok gives its approval. If you get tangled up in the Electronic Certification System(eCERT)and the Electronic Visa Information System(ELVIS), you will probably wish it w
47、ere the Elvis from Graceland, not Customs.Classification specialists in district Customs offices should know the details of quotas on the items they handle, but even they cannot always tell you the annual quota on a specific item from a specific country or how much of the years quota is still unfill
48、ed. They can, however, translate the HS number of your product into a “Quota Category Number“ and tell you where to look to find the quota level and its current status of fulfillment.9 Translate the following English passage into Chinese(对外经济贸易大学 2011 研，考试科目：基础英语)BANKS have endured a brutal nine mon
49、ths since credit markets froze in August. Losses and write-downs already total $335 billion: many of their best businesses have disappeared. In developed economies, almost all banks are facing economic and regulatory headwinds that will cut revenues and jobs. Yet the biggest danger facing Western finance is not a fall in its earning power but a loss of faith in how it works.Two criticisms assail the industry, one based on fairness and the other on efficiency. The first argues that finance is rigged to enrich bankers, rather than their customers, shareholders or the
