1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 27 及答案与解析一、填空题1 Corpus linguistics deals with the principles and practice of using_in language study.(中山大学 2005 研)2 In the Phases IV of CALL Development, instead of writing specific programs for language teaching, _has adapted to language teaching by enabling students to compose an
2、d try out their own writings in a non-permanent form.3 MT can be divided into two types: _and_.4 _a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech.5 _refers to the use of machine (usually computers) to translate texts from one natural languag
3、e to another.二、判断题6 MT may commit those errors that no human translators would commit, such as wrong pronouns, wrong prepositions, garbled syntax, incorrect choice of terms, plurals instead of singulars.（A）真（B）假7 Around 1960, computer software is greatly improved and the first programming languages
4、appeared.（A）真（B）假8 CAL especially refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language.（A）真（B）假9 Three types of knowledge are needed so that MT systems can be improved: semantics, pragmatics and common sense（A）真（B）假三、名词解释10 CAL(大连外国语学院 2008 研)11 CAI and CAL (武汉
5、大学 2008 研)12 CALL (人大 2006 研)13 corpus linguistics (南开大学 2004 研)14 Concordance(北航 2010 研)15 Corpus四、举例说明题16 Read the following quote from Chomsky. What do you think about Chomskys criticism and the revival of corpus linguistics? (中山大学 2005 研)It seems clear that the description which is of greatest p
6、sychological relevance is the account of competence, not that of performance, for anyone concerned with intellectual processes, or any question that goes beyond mere data arranging, it is the question of competence that is fundamental. . These rather obvious comments apply directly to study of langu
7、age, child or adult. This it is absurd to attempt to construct a grammar that describes observed linguistic behaviour directly, . . . a direct recordan actual corpusis almost useless as it stands, for linguistic analysis of any but the most superficial kind. . . .17 In what way are language and comp
8、uter related, and how has their relationship affected language learning? (北外 2010 研)18 What is the relationship between MT and Human Translation?英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 27 答案与解析一、填空题1 【正确答案】 corpora【试题解析】 语料库语言学指论述语言研究中使用语料的原理和实践。2 【正确答案】 word processing【试题解析】 计算机运用到第二语言教学中的第四个阶段，文字处理不再是为语言教学编写具体的程序，而是适应语
9、言教学，使学生用一种非永久性形式写作并能修改它们的作品。3 【正确答案】 unassisted MT，assisted MT【试题解析】 机器翻译可以分为两类：不需要帮助的和需要帮助的。4 【正确答案】 Corpus【试题解析】 语料库是一个语言数据的集合，可以由书面文本构成，也可以由录音言语的转写本构成。5 【正确答案】 Machine translation【试题解析】 机器翻译是指使用机器将语篇从一个自然语言翻译至另一个自然语言。二、判断题6 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 人们仍然能发现，有些错误是人工翻译不会出现的。例如，代词误用、介词误用、句法混乱、措辞不当、单数用成复数、时态错误等
10、。7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 1960 年前后，计算机硬件而不是软件得到了很大的改进，最早的编程语言出现了。8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 CALL 特别是指将计算机运用到第二语言或外语的教学中去，不是CAL。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 需要三种知识来改进机器翻译系统：不依赖语境的语言学知识，即语义学；依赖语境的语言学知识，有时称为语用知识，即语用学； 常识真实世界的知识，即非语言学知识。三、名词解释10 【正确答案】 CAL is short for Computer-assistant Learning. It emphasizes the use of a computer
11、 in both teaching and learning in order to help the learners to achieve educational objectives through their own reasoning and practice, a reflection of newly advocated autonomous learning. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction the
12、 computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the students response, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.11 【正确答案】 Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) means the use of a computer in a te
13、aching program. This includes:a. A teaching program which is presented by a computer in a sequence. The student responds on the computer, and the computer indicates whether the responses are correct or incorrect.b. The use of computers to monitor student progress, to direct students into appropriate
14、 lessons, material, etc. This is also called computer-managed instruction.Parallel to CAI, there is CAL (Computer-Assistant Learning). The former aims at seeing educational problems on the part of the teacher, whereas the latter emphasizes the use of a computer in both teaching and learning in order
15、 to help the learner achieve educational objectives. The first kind of CAL programs which were developed reflected principles similar to programmed instruction. The computer leads the student through learning task step-by-step, asking questions to check comprehension. Depending on the students respo
16、nse, the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material (see branching). In more recent CAL courseware students are able to interact with the computer and perform higher-level tasks while exploring a subject or problem.12 【正确答案】 CALL: It is the abbreviation of computer-ass
17、isted language learning, which refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of a second or foreign language. In this kind of CALL programs, the computer leads the student through a learning task step-by-step, asking question to check comprehension. Depending on the students response,
18、the computer gives the student further practice or progresses to new material.13 【正确答案】 Corpus linguistics: an approach to investigating language structure and use through the analysis of large databases to real language examples stored on computer. Issues amenable to corpus linguistics include the
19、meanings of words across registers, the distribution and function of grammatical forms and categories, the investigation of lexicon-grammatical associations, and issues in language acquisition and development.14 【正确答案】 Concordance; The computer has the ability to search for a particular word, sequen
20、ce of words, or perhaps even a part of speech in a text. The computer can also retrieve all examples of a particular word. It can also calculate the number of occurrences of a certain word so that information on the frequency of the word may be gathered. We may also be interested in sorting the data
21、 in some wayfor example, alphabetically on words occurring in the immediate context of the word. This is usually referred to as concordance.15 【正确答案】 Corpus is a collection of linguistic data, either compiled as written texts or as a transcription of recorded speech. The main purpose of a corpus is
22、to verify a hypothesis about languagefor example, to determine how the application of a particular sound, word, or syntactic construction varies.四、举例说明题16 【正确答案】 Regarding linguistics as a branch of psychology, Chomsky insisted that what should be studied is linguistic competence, not performance. A
23、s he has claimed, the description of language performance only tells what is there, and is very inadequate in telling why language performs in the way as it does, or rather, how the intellectual processes affects it.Whats more, language performance is more than often degenerated; there are false sta
24、tements, hesitations, and so on. Therefore, the corpus linguistics which is based on the language performance is somewhat distorted from the goal of linguistics. Because, according to Chomsky, what linguistics is aimed for, should be the discovering of the constants, the general principle which all
25、languages are constructed and operated as systems of communication in societies in which they are used.Therefore, he suggested the construction of universal grammar, which is the ideal knowledge of language, is what linguists should be concerned with, and the postulation of grammar based on the obse
26、rved behavior is also a distortion.17 【正确答案】 With the development of the computer technology and internet system, more and more people touched upon the computer field. Computer has been used in the classroom for foreign language teaching and learning. CAI stands for computer-assisted instruction, wh
27、ich means the use of a computer in a teaching program. CAL stands for computer-assisted learning, which means theuse of computer in both teaching and learning. Following CAI and CAL, CALL, acronym for Computer Assisted Language Learning, refers to the use of a computer in the teaching or learning of
28、 a second or foreign language. If CAI or CAL deals with teaching and learning in general, then CALL deals with language teaching and learning in particular. CALL provided a beneficial and convenient approach for language learners to improve their ability. For example, students can gain a quick acces
29、s to any materials on the internet. The computer is not an individual resource for each student any more, instead, it is a trigger for interaction between the students and it is the focus for group work which allows some activities, such as the activity role-play interaction. The use of multimedia t
30、echnology enables different information types to be simultaneously available on the computer, as a result, spoken language and moving video are produced other than mere presentation of written sentences. 18 【正确答案】 At the beginning of the new century, it is already apparent that MT and human translat
31、ion can and will co-exist in harmony. When translation has to be of “publishable“ quality, both human translation and MT have their roles.For the translation of texts where the quality of output is much less important, machine translation is often an ideal solution. It is undeniable that there are s
32、till faults in all present actual translations produced. One can still find those errors that no human translators would ever commit, such as wrong pronouns, wrong prepositions, garbled syntax, incorrect choice of terms, plurals instead of singulars, etc. Translation is not an operation that preserv
33、es meaning. Three types of knowledge are needed so that MT systems can be improved: (1) Linguistic knowledge independent of context (semantics); (2)Linguistic knowledge that relates to context, sometimes called pragmatic knowledge (pragmatics) ; (3) Common sense/real world knowledge (non-linguistic).For the one-to-one interchange of information probably always need a human translator. As for spoken language translation, there must surely always be a market for the human translator.
