1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 28 及答案与解析汉译英1 就中国人而言，对秦始皇兵马俑，我们有无限的赞叹，对于万里长城我们有无限的自豪。但对于我们的无形遗产、曾经塑造了我们民族精神的儒家、道家文化，我们却知之甚少。传统中的视个人道德为人生的最高价值所在，已在“现代生活”中成为笑谈。我们不仅在生活方式上盲目地追求西方，不仅说着写着已经欧化的句子，而且在文学、历史、哲学这些人文学科领域里，到处用着西方的理论、术语。我们这里并不是反对西方的东西，西方的这些理论都是世界文化遗产的一分子，我们也应该加以保护和继承。但是，一个民族之所以成其为一个民族，必须有其自身的东西。我们应该认真地研读和思考本民族
2、的文化典籍，在继承与更新中把其中所铭刻的文化脉络延续下去。2 人类自有文化就有文化交流。人类文化从总体上来说，是各国、各民族文化汇聚和交流的产物。在现代国家中，绝对不受外来影响的固有文化是不存在的。事实也近乎如此。中国古代的四大发明曾经给古代世界的文化发展以巨大的推动。汉唐文化对朝鲜、日本等毗邻国家的文化发展，更是给予了深刻而又久远的影响。同样，近代和现代西方的许多重要科学成果，也改变了并继续改变着当代中国人的生活。对外开放成了我国将要长期坚持不变的基本国策。这就为我们的国际文化交流，开辟了更为广阔的前景。我们向世界各国借鉴一切对我们有益的东西，用以建设自己的物质文明和精神文明。同时，我们又向
3、各国人民介绍他们感兴趣的事物。通过相互交流，增进了解和友谊，促进科学文化的共同发展。3 首先，了解背景情况对不同文化之间的交流非常重要。不重视文化背景方面的种种差别，就会使在美国的中国人以及在中国的美国人遇到麻烦。人与人之间的交流有两种情况：一种是外向的，一种是含蓄的。，外向的就像是计算机的程序，一切都按照编好的程序进行，否则就运转不了。美国的文化是外向型的，美国人表达思想的时候尽可能简单明了，以利于传播或交流。与此相反的是同含蓄的人交流，这种交流就像是在一起长大的孪生兄弟姐妹之间的交往。因为他们心领神会，谈话时只需简单的句子和词语。举例来说，如果你对某个汉字及其上下文不了解，查字典也很难解决
4、问题，因为此字的含义与上下文有密切联系。4 真正的朋友，恐怕要算“总角之交” 或“竹马之交”了。在小学和中学的时代容易结成真实的友谊，那时彼此尚不感到生活的压迫，人世未深，打算计较的念头也少，朋友的结成完全由于志趣相近或性情适合，差不多可以说是“无所为” 的，性质比较纯粹。二十岁以后结成的友谊，大概已不免掺有各种各样的颜色分子在内；至于三十岁四十岁以后的朋友中间，颜色分子愈多，友谊的真实成分也就不免因而愈少了。5 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方。这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一
5、般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 28 答案与解析汉译英1 【正确答案】 As Chinese, we marvel at Emperor Qin s terra-cotta warriors and horses and take pride in the Great Wall. However, we know little of the invisible legacythe culture of Confucianism a
6、nd Taoism, which has molded our national spirit. It has become a joke in “modern life“ to consider individual morality the highest value of life. We not only follow blindly the west in lifestyle and speak and write Europeanized sentences, but also adopt western theories and terms in the fields of hu
7、manities such as literature, history and philosophy. We do not mean to deny western things that should also be protected and inherited, for all the western theories are part of the world cultural heritage. Nevertheless, only with something unique that belongs to its own a nation can be called a nati
8、on. We should study and think over carefully national cultural classics to carry their cultural essence forward by inheritance and innovation.【知识模块】 汉译英2 【正确答案】 Since civilization came into being, cultural exchanges commenced. Human culture on the whole has resulted from the accumulation and exchang
9、es of each country and nation. In the modern world, there is no innate culture without any foreign influence, and the fact is almost so. The four great ancient Chinese inventions gave an enormous push to the world s ancient cultural development. Han and Tang culture had an even more profound and per
10、petual influence on the neighboring countries, such as Japan and Korea. Similarly, many important modern and contemporary western scientific achievements have been changing the present-day Chinese life. The open-door-to-the-out-side-world policy which we will abide long becomes a fundamental policy
11、of our country, which will usher in a brighter future for our international cultural exchanges. We should make use of “ everything that may benefit us from every foreign country applying it to our material and spiritual civilization. Simultaneously we should introduce to the other countries the thin
12、gs they show interest in. Thus through mutual communications, understandings and friendships are to be enhanced and the worldwide development of science and culture accelerated.【知识模块】 汉译英3 【正确答案】 Firstly, the understanding of certain backgrounds is of great significance to the cross-cultural communi
13、cation. The ignorance of differences between cultures will cause trouble to Chinese in A-merica and also Americans in China. There are two kinds of communication between human beings: one is extroverted, the other is introverted. Like the computer programs, the extroverted communication processes ac
14、cording to the well-edited programs, or it can t work. The American culture is extroverted, so American people express their ideas as explicit and brief as possible so as to communicate. On the contrary, communication with the introverts is like that between the twin brothers or sisters, because the
15、y have tacit understanding and only need simple sentences or phrases in their conversations. For example, if you don t have a general understanding of a certain character and its context, the problem will be difficult to settle even with the help of a dictionary, because the meaning of the character
16、 closely ties up to the context.【知识模块】 汉译英4 【正确答案】 Real friendship between two persons originates perhaps from the time of life when they were children playing innocently together. Real friendship is easily formed in primary or middle school days when, being socially inexperienced and free from the
17、burden of life, you give little thought to personal gains or losses, and make friends entirely as a result of similar tastes and interests or congenial disposition. It is sort of “friendship for friendship s sake“ and is relatively pure in nature. Friendship among people in their 20 s, however, is m
18、ore or less colored by personal motives. And friendship among those aged over 30 becomes correspondingly still less pure as it gets even more colored.【知识模块】 汉译英5 【正确答案】 In Paris, cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions
19、, strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians, they will, very respectfully and with both hands, present their calling cards to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This seems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French, however, usually are not so ready with su
20、ch a formality. Both sides will greet each other, and even chat casually about any topic and then excuse themselves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will seem very unnatural to do so before any real conversation gets under way.【知识模块】 汉译英
