1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 40 及答案与解析汉译英1 电脑对社会行为有着深刻的影响。计算机处理的触手可及，使得那些在其他方面都被认为是好市民的人发现自己沉迷在不道德行为，甚至是非法行为中。对有版权软件的盗版行为四处可见，而近期大量报道的如黑客人侵、病毒制造、电脑行骗以及侵犯隐私等等事件，使得要求电脑业拥有新道德观和制定保护市民不受电脑化的无政府状态侵害的新法规的呼声越来越高了。短短的 40 年期间，电脑已成为复杂社会的运转核心，没有电脑和通讯系统，许多生产制造业，工业，商业，运输和销售业，政府部门，军队，公共医疗卫生服务，教育，以及研究工作都会停滞下来。但是随着社会越来越依靠电脑，社会
2、也越来越易受人类滥用电脑的影响。2 由于电脑业是一个相对比较新和开放的领域，所以电脑职业本身既无时间，也无组织能力去建立一套有约束力的道德规范。历史久一些的职业，如医学业和法律业，已有差不多几个世纪的时间来形成他们的行为准则。另外还有一个问题是，和医生或律师的开业有所不同，电脑的使用超出了电脑行业本身的范围。我们现在都是电脑用户，在某种程度上，我们都和从事电脑职业的人一样，面临着同样的道德困惑和忠信矛盾。许多的道德困惑如，是否盗版软件就是新的“灰色地带” ，已被接受的准则或社会惯例中很少有这种灰色地带，更不用说已制定的判例法了。3 现在的大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余
3、的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一种内疚感。一想到白天什么事都没干，心里就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不好觉。他们的学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。读大学使他们失去太多的个人幸福和健康。4 改革开放以来农村人口向城镇转移势如潮涌，到城市寻求就业机会的中青年农民与日俱增。由于他们大多不是只生一个，其携带的多子女就学问题的凸显，给当地的义务教育带来了新问题。据教育部介绍，目前相当一部分城市
4、尚未将这些流动少儿的就学纳人本区域教育事业发展规划中，对流动少儿的底数不清，尤其在流动少儿大量聚集的城乡结合部，经费压力不断增大导致政府管理不到位。“儿童公园是什么，我从来没听说过。”7 岁的小姑娘晶晶怯生生地问老师。她是父母到杭州打工后出生的，父母一天到晚忙着卖大饼、油条的生意。节假日城里的孩子能与大人外出旅游，她想都不敢想，因为那时候父母总是最忙碌。英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 40 答案与解析汉译英1 【正确答案】 Computers are having a profound effect on social behavior. With easy access to proces
5、sing power, individuals who, in every other respect, could be regarded as good citizens now find themselves indulging in unethicaland even unlawfulbehavior. The theft of copyright software is widespread, while recent, well-publicized incidents of hacking, virus creation, computer-based fraud, and in
6、vasion of privacy have been followed by a rising chorus of calls for a new morality in computing and new laws to protect citizens from computerized anarchy.In the short space of forty years, computers have become central to the operation of complex societies. Without computers and communication syst
7、ems, much of manufacturing, industry, commerce, transport and distribution, government, the military, health services, education, and research would grind to a halt. Yet as society becomes more dependent on computers, it also becomes more vulnerable to the misuse of computers by human beings.【知识模块】
8、汉译英2 【正确答案】 Because computing is a relatively new and open field, the computer profession as such has had neither the time nor the organizational capability to establish a binding set of moral rules or ethics. Older professions, like medicine and the law, have had literally centuries to formulate th
9、eir codes of conduct. And there is another problem, too: computer usage, unlike the practice of medicine or of the law, goes outside the profession. We are all computer users now, and we are all to some extent faced with the same ethical dilemmas and conflicts of loyalty as computer professionals. M
10、any of these dilemmas whether or not to copy software, for instance are new “grey areas“ for which there is little in the way of accepted rules or social conventions, let alone established case law.【知识模块】 汉译英3 【正确答案】 Nowadays university students suffer great pressure from their studies. All of them,
11、 except senior students who have begun to look for a job, are always busy with their studies. They are reluctant to participate in campus organizations and clubs, physical exercises or any other extracurricular activities , and unwilling to care about things that have nothing to do with studies. In
12、conclusion, they are like robots. They will feel guilty if they go to the cinema while their roommates are studying in the library until it is closed late at night. Thinking of the day that has passed without any gain, they will feel too uneasy to have a good sleep. They are so occupied with their s
13、tudies that they have no time to enjoy their lives or to do any other things to develop themselves in an all-around way. University studies have deprived them of too much personal happiness and health.【知识模块】 汉译英4 【正确答案】 Since the introduction of the policy of reform and opening-up, rural population
14、has been flooding into urban areas and the number of young and middle-aged farmers that come to the cities in search of employment is growing day by day. Due to the fact that they usually have more than one child, their children s education has become a conspicuous problem, which has posed new chall
15、enges to the local compulsory education system. According to the Ministry of Education, by now there are still a number of cities that have not integrated the education for children of China s floating population into their local education development program. A lack of knowledge of the exact number
16、 of those children, especially in the zone joining urban and rural areas, and the growing financial pressure has led to a lack of government management there.“What is the children s park? I ve never heard of it. “ The 7-year-old girl Jingjing asked her teacher timidly. She was born after her parents came to work in Hangzhou. They are busy selling baked dough cake and fried twisted dough stick all day long. While urban children may travel with their parents during holidays, she can hardly imagine that would ever happen to herself for those days are the busiest time for her parents.【知识模块】 汉译英
