1、2009 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（无答案）一、Structure and Vocabulary1 The government has to decide whether cost or concern for the environment should take_ when choosing the route for the new road crossing the well-known scenic spot.（A）solution（B） sight（C） intellect（D）precedence2 Trimmer is known as a tough manager wh
2、o demands _results.（A）credible（B） undeniable（C） dynamic（D）tangible3 He has been plowing through a biography of Lyndon Johnson and a _ of Henry Kissinger.（A）casualty（B） criteria（C） dissection（D）necessity4 It was a type of urban story that continues to _ big-city dwellers forward each day, a tale of h
3、ard work and self-starting initiative, of taking matters into ones own hands to make dreams come true.（A）propel（B） penetrate（C） baffle（D）harness5 This is a market in which enterprising businesses _ for the demands of teenagers and older youths in all their rock mania and pop-art forms.（A）cater（B） en
4、title（C） appeal（D）subject6 It must guide public opinion, after presenting _ both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.（A）inquisitively（B） inconceivably（C） appaUingly（D）impartially7 It must guarantee freedom of expressi
5、on, to the end that all _ to the flow of ideas shall be removed.（A）prophecies（B） transactions（C） arguments（D）hindrances8 As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or_our attention from the real issues at hand.（A）retaining（B） sustaining（C） distracting（D）obscuring9 Is it pr
6、oper for the government to _ public opinion through self-serving, one-sided journalism?（A）touch（B） hunt（C） sway（D）proceed10 The editor spent hours _ every single page of that hick novel, looking for the slightest error.（A）decorating（B） scrutinizing（C） remedying（D）shattering11 According to psychoanal
7、ysis, a persons attention is attracted_by the intensity of different signals _ by their context, significance, and information content.（A）not less than, as（B） as, just as（C） so much, as（D）not so much, as12 _, he did become annoyed with her at times.（A）Much as he liked her（B） As he liked her much（C）
8、Although much he liked her（D）Much although he liked her13 “They said what we always knew.“ Said an administration source, _（A）he asked not to be named（B） who asked not to be named（C） who asked not be named（D）who asked not named14 The more people hear his demented rants, the more they see that he is
9、a terrorist_（A）who is pure and simple（B） being pure and simple（C） pure and simple（D）as pure and simple15 _a declining birth rate, there will be an over-supply of 35 000 primary school places by 2010, _ leaving 35 schools idle.（A）Coupled with, equals to（B） Coupling with, equivalent to（C） Coupled with
10、, equivalent to（D）Coupling with, equals to16 John wishes now that he _ the Spring Festival at home.（A）spent（B） had spent（C） has spent（D）did spend17 Not until the 1980s _ in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.（A）some concerned citizens（B） some concerning citize
11、ns（C） did some concerning citizens（D）did some concerned citizens18 The team leader of mountain climbers marked out_（A）that seemed to be the best route（B） what seemed to be the best route（C） which seemed to be the best route（D）something that to be the best route19 The scheme was so impracticable that
12、 I refused even _（A）to consider supporting it（B） considering to support it（C） to considering to support it（D）considering supporting it20 _ anyone should think it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.（A）In order that（B） Lest（C） If（D）Providing二、Cloze20 Recent legal research indicated that
13、incorrect identification is a major factor in many miscarriages of justices. It also suggests that identification of people by witnesses in courtroom is not as 21 as commonly believed. Recent studies do not support the degree of judges, jurors, lawyers and the police have in eyewitness evidence.The
14、Law Commission recently published an educational paper, “Total Recall? The Reliability of Witness 22 “, as a companion guide to a proposed code of evidence. The paper finds that commonly held perceptions about how our minds work and how well we remember are often wrong. But while human memory is 23
15、change, it should not be underestimated.In court witnesses are asked to give evidence about events, and judges and juries assess its Fallibility. The paper points out that memory is complex, and reliability of any persons recall must be assessed 24 .Both common sense and research say memory declines
16、 over time. The accuracy of recall and recognition are 25 their best immediately after encoding the information, declining at first rapidly, then gradually. The longer the delay, the more likely it is that information obtained after the event will interfere 26 the original memory, which reduces accu
17、racy.The paper says 27 interviews or media reports can create such distortions. “People are particularly susceptible to having their memories 28 when the passage of time allows the original memory to fade, and will be most susceptible if they repeat the 29 as fact.“Witnesses may see or read informat
18、ion after the event, then integrate it to produce something 30 than what was experienced, significantly reducing the reliability of their memory of an event or offender, “Further, witnesses may strongly believe in their memories, even though aspects of those memories are verifiably false.“（A）trustfu
19、l（B） reliable（C） innocent（D）considerable（A）Manifestation（B） Declaration（C） Presentation（D）Testimony（A）subject to（B） liable for（C） incapable of（D）attributable to（A）interactively（B） comparatively（C） horizontally（D）individually（A）at（B） in（C） on（D）upon（A）with（B） in（C） at（D）on（A）consequent（B） successive（
20、C） subsequent（D）preceding（A）altered（B） transformed（C） converted（D）modified（A）misinformation（B） mistreatment（C） misguidance（D）misjudgment（A）other（B） rather（C） more（D）less三、Reading Comprehension30 Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be star
21、ved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than l
22、ack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often
23、 the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to
24、fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twel
25、ve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1 000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from th
26、at of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about mans brain, compared with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy bear with the sound
27、pattern “toy-bear“. And even more incredible is the young brains ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother an
28、d the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the childs babbling, grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the childs non-verbal
29、signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31 The purpose of Frederick IIs experiment was_（A）to prove that children are born with the ability to speak（B） to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech（C） to find out what role careful nursing would
30、play in teaching a child to speak（D）to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32 The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that_（A）they are incapable of learning language rapidly（B） they are exposed to too much language at once（C） their mothers respon
31、d inadequately to their attempts to speak（D）their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33 Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?（A）The faculty of speech is inborn in man.（B） Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.（C） Human brain is cap
32、able of language analysis at very early age.（D）Most children learn their language in definite stages.34 If a child starts to speak later than others, he will _ in the future.（A）have a high IQ（B） be insensitive to verbal signals（C） be less intelligent（D）not necessarily be backward34 Throughout the ni
33、neteenth century and into the twentieth, citizens of the United States maintained a bias against big cities. Most lived on farms and in small towns and believed cities to be centers of corruption, crime, poverty, and moral degradation. Their distrust was caused, in part, by a national ideology that
34、proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living. This attitude prevailed even as the number of urban dwellers increased and cities became an essential feature of the national landscape. Gradually, economic reality overcame ideology. Thousands abandoned the precar
35、ious life on the farm for more secure and better paying jobs in the city. But when these people migrated from the countryside, they carried their fears and suspicions with them. These new urbanites, already convinced that cities were overwhelmed with great problems, eagerly embraced the progressive
36、reforms that promised to bring order out of the chaos of the city.One of many reforms came in the area of public utilities. Water and sewerage system were usually operated by municipal governments, but the gas and electric networks were privately owned. Reformers feared that the privately owned util
37、ity companies would change exorbitant rates for these essential services and deliver them only to people who could afford them. Some city and state governments responded by regulating the utility companies, but a number of cities began to supply these services themselves. Proponents of these reforms
38、 argued that public ownership and regulation would insure widespread access to these utilities and guarantee a fair price.While some reforms focused on government and public behavior, others looked at the cities as a whole. Civic leaders, convinced that physical environment influenced human behavior
39、, argued that cities should develop master plans to guide their future growth and development. City planning was nothing new, but the rapid industrialization and urban growth of the late nineteenth century took place without any consideration for order. Urban renewal in the twentieth century followe
40、d several courses. Some cities introduced plans to completely rebuild the city core. Most other cities contented themselves with zoning plans for regulating future growth. Certain parts of town were restricted to residential use, while others were set aside for industrial or commercial development.3
41、5 What does the passage mainly discuss?（A）A comparison of urban and rural life in the early twentieth century（B） The role of government in twentieth-century urban renewal（C） Efforts to improve urban life in the early twentieth century（D）Methods of controlling urban growth in the twentieth century36
42、In the early twentieth century, many rural dwellers migrated to the city in order to_（A）participate in the urban reform（B） seek financial security（C） comply with a government ordinance（D）avoid crime and corruption37 What concern did reformers have about privately owned utility companies?（A）They fear
43、ed the services would not be made available to all city dwells.（B） They believed private ownership would slow economic growth.（C） They did not trust the companies to obey the government regulations.（D）They wanted to ensure that the services would be provided to rural areas.38 Why does the author men
44、tion “industrialization“ in line 4, para. 3?（A）To explain how fast urban growth led to poorly designed cities.（B） To emphasize the economic importance of urban areas.（C） To suggest that labor disputes had become an urban problem.（D）To illustrate the need for construction of new factories.38 The peri
45、od of adolescence, i.e, the period between childhood and adulthood, maybe long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial
46、societies with pattems of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society
47、as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies of adolescence have
48、lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduat
49、ion and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition. The significance of each depends on the social-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, rights, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first th
