1、2010 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷（无答案）一、Structure and Vocabulary1 The little girl wore a very thin coat. A sudden gust of cold wind made her _（A）whirl（B） shift（C） shiver（D）shake2 Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a man with a strong_（A）philosophy（B） idealism（C） morality（D）personality3 A
2、ll was dark in the district except for a candle _ though the curtains in one of the houses.（A）glimmering（B） glittering（C） flaming（D）blazing4 “Me, afraid of him?“ he said with a(n)_ smile.（A）contemptible（B） amusing（C） corroded（D）rained5 He will simply not listen to anybody; he is _ to argument.（A）imp
3、ervious（B） imperceptible（C） impassable（D）blunt6 We are prepared to satisfy all your_ claims.（A）legitimate（B） legible（C） intimate（D）legislative7 If the dispute is not settled in a(n) _ way soon, the two countries will certainly go to war.（A）amiable（B） amicable（C） inimical（D）unfriendly8 After a years
4、hard work I think I am _ to a long holiday.（A）entailed（B） deserved（C） entitled（D）satisfied9 It was my sad duty to_the news of Johns death to his family.（A）submit（B） break（C） say（D）proclaim10 There are some very beautifully_ glass windows in the church.（A）designed（B） drawn（C） marked（D）stained11 We ar
5、e sorry to say that Mary is not the very person who can be _ with either money or secret information.（A）entrusted（B） committed（C） consigned（D）assigned12 Had the explosion broken out, the passengers in the plane should have been killed, for it was _timed with the planes take-off.（A）spontaneously（B） i
6、nstantaneously（C） simultaneously（D）conscientiously13 The middle-aged woman has been _ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now.（A）laid down（B） laid off（C） laid up（D）laid in14 The reception was attended by various_members of the local community and representatives of regional industri
7、es.（A）protuberant（B） conspicuous（C） prominent（D）projecting15 Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring some schools _ a quarter system comprised of spring, fall, winter, and summer quarters.（A）manipulate（B） stipulate（C） regul
8、ate（D）observe16 Agriculture must, therefore, _workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved.（A）yield（B） succumb（C） subject（D）resort17 Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they _ ra
9、diation better.（A）stand up to（B） stand in for（C） stand up for（D）stand in with18 There is a direct flight at 3:00 or a flight 7:30 in the morning that _ in Los Angles.（A）stops by（B） stop in（C） stops over（D）stops up19 Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into _to her going to the United
10、States to study business administration in MIT.（A）contending（B） contesting（C） contenting（D）consenting20 The students take a _ test in March, and the main exam is in July.（A）previous（B） preliminary（C） preceded（D）elementary二、Cloze20 Silence is unnatural to man. He begins life with a cry and ends it in
11、 stillness. In the interval he does all he can to make a noise in the world, and there are few things 21 he stands in more fear than of the 22 of noise. Even his conversation is 23 a desperate attempt to prevent a dreadful silence. If he is introduced to a fellow mortal and a number of pauses occur
12、in the conversation, he regards himself as a failure, a worthless person, and is full of 24 of the emptiest-headed chatterbox. He knows that ninety-nine percent of human conversation means 25 the buzzing of a fly, but he longs to join in the buzz and to prove that he is man and not a wax-work figure
13、. The object of conversation is not, 26 the most part, to communicate ideas; it is to keep up the buzzing sound. Most buzzing, 27 is agreeable to the ear, and some of it is agreeable even to the 28 . He would be a foolish man, however, who waited until he had a wise thought to take part in the buzzi
14、ng with his neighbors. Those who despise the weather as a conversational opening seem to be ignorant of the reason why human beings wish to talk. Very few human beings join in a conversation in the hope of learning anything new. Some of them are 29 if they are merely allowed to go on making a noise
15、into other peoples ears though they have nothing to tell them except that they have seen a new play. At the end of an evening during which they have said nothing at immense length, they justly 30 themselves on their success as conversationalists.（A）of which（B） in which（C） with which（D）by which（A）pre
16、sence（B） abundance（C） existence（D）absence（A）in great measure（B） in brief（C） all in all（D）at least（A）admiration（B） envy（C） amazement（D）revenge（A）more than（B） no less than（C） rather than（D）no more than（A）for（B） in（C） at（D）on（A）particularly（B） unfortunately（C） fortunately（D）utterly（A）mind（B） mentality（
17、C） intelligence（D）wit（A）disgusted（B） content（C） disgraced（D）discouraged（A）prey（B） model（C） respect（D）pride三、Reading Comprehension30 Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences
18、 of such a transformation. People might not be able to stay alive; knowing neither joy nor pleasure, neither anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless wor
19、ld would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disappear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds among member
20、s of groups. Societys economic underpinnings would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives of any kind. For as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world
21、, the chances that the human species would survive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shap
22、e, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with obj
23、ects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are “good“ and others are “bad“, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fac
24、t, society exploits our emotional reactions and attitudes, such as loyalty, morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievemen
25、ts such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal and penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.31 The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that_（A）they would not be able to tell the texture of objects（B） they would not kno
26、w what was beneficial and what was harmful to them（C） they would not be happy with a life without love（D）they would not know how to protect themselves and not to hurt each other32 According to the passage, peoples learning activities are possible because they_（A）believe that emotions are fundamental
27、 for them to stay alive（B） benefit from providing help and support to one another（C） understand what is vital to the progress of society（D）enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thing33 It can be inferred from the passage that the economic foundation of society is dependent on _（A）the capacity to
28、compete for success（B） the ability to work for pleasure（C） the capacity to enjoy making money（D）the ability to make money34 Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because _（A）they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects（B） they are the basis for the soc
29、ial feelings by which society is maintained（C） they encourage people to perform courageous achievements（D）they generate more love than hate among people34 With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures who may or may not exist, technicians looking for
30、 celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes data hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure our how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and eliminate on a planet-wide scale, an astron
31、omy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation age. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and Russia planning and bu
32、ilding permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth.Todays astronomy students not only seek an
33、 up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors, philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even th
34、e arts and religion.Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help todays students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places-not abstract concepts. Todays students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade age.In desi
35、gning this edition, the Wadsworh editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (i
36、f loosely) reflects the order of humanitys discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.35 What does the author imply about the “mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources“ at the end of paragraph 1 ?（A）He doubts
37、 that they will attract the younger generation in the future（B） He expects that the more worthy space adventures will replace them（C） He assumes that they are as difficult to solve as the astronomy issues（D）He believes that space adventures are more thought-provoking than them36 The authors purpose
38、in presenting the first paragraph is_（A）to explain the changed background and new features of todays astronomy（B） to inform of the most up to date achievements in the astronomy research（C） to introduce the importance of astronomy to the world development（D）to arouse interest in modern astronomy amon
39、g his readers37 The author believes that todays astronomy students_（A）may have less interest in the astronomical facts（B） are much brighter than students of a generation ago（C） are less concerned with problems faced on the earth（D）may learn more about man through the study of astronomy38 The express
40、ion “these developments“ (in the last paragraph) refers to all of the following EXCEPT_（A）the world-wide involvement in space exploration（B） human new achievements in the field of astronomy（C） the development of science fiction and special effects of films（D）the new concepts about the universe acqui
41、red by todays students38 Of all the elements in the advertising mix, creativity is the least quantifiable, yet it has potentially the greatest leverage on the media dollars spent. The best way to understand the importance of creativity in advertising is to understand what it does for the advertiser.
42、 Creativity first separates the individual advertisement from all the advertisements surrounding it. In the process of doing that, creativity achieves its real goal: to separate the brand in a positive and motivating way from all other brands in the product category.It may be possible to do somethin
43、g like this through sheer media weight, by simply outspending your competitors. But creativity is usually the least expensive way to make both ad and brand stand out in the crowd. This is not to say it is necessarily the best way. The best way to make a brand stand out is to put a significantly supe
44、rior or unique product behind it. In the real world, however, competition and technology virtually force parity upon products in the same category- close similarity in function, quality, price, and often appearance.Can you give a branded parity product distinction through unique advertising strategy
45、? Sometimes still, that is a very limited opportunity. Brands of parity products all marketed to the same group of consumers most likely will have the same advertising strategy, because it is the only one that makes sense. Dishwashing liquids will need to communicate efficacy and mildness, fluoride
46、toothpaste cavity-prevention and taste, sports cars performance and status and so on.When brands all have the same essential advertising strategies, what is it that makes one brands advertising more salient and more effective? It is the creativity with which the strategy has been executed.When adver
47、tising works, it works because it makes something happen inside the consumer. An advertisement is, after all, no more than a set of stimuli intended to evoke a set of desired responses among a specific group of consumers. The effect of a “creative“ advertisement is to generate a more intense positiv
48、e response to the brand than a “noncreative“ advertisement. Whether it achieves its ends through the use of words, images, sounds or music, whether it evokes laughter, fear, shock, or feelings of warmth and tenderness, the creative advertisement stands out in the consumers mind and makes the brand s
49、tand out.How do creative people create? Nobody really knows, nobody really knows where ideas are bom, where an unforgettable bar of music comes from; why a felicitous phrase pops into someones head, knows how some people can put words and pictures and sounds and ideas together in ways that can move millions of other people to think and feel and act.But we do know the most effective advertising (which I contend is the most creati
