1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 853（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fi
2、ll in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.0 StressI. Different definitions of stress circumstances that threaten well-being or the_to them【T1】_ the process of evaluating and copin
3、g with threatening circumstances the experience of being threatened by_【T2】_II._【T3】_A. stressors_demanding events or circumstances【T4】_ linked to increased_to illnesses and other problems【T5】_ types:a. catastrophic events, such as_【T6 】_b. _, such as marriage and divorce【T7】_c. minor hassles, such
4、as standing in lineB. _sources【T8】_ frustration: being thwarted when trying to_【T9 】_ conflicta. approach-approach conflict: _stressful【T10】_when choosing between two desirable alternativesb. approach-avoidance conflictwhen deciding on something with positive and negative aspectsc. avoidance-avoidan
5、ce conflictwhen choosing between_【T11】_: being compelled by expectations【T12】_III. CopingA. coping strategies: relaxation, humor, releasing_, etc.【T13 】_B. factors in coping: social support: providing care and_【T14】 _ optimism: using_coping strategies【T15 】_ perceived control: having an internal loc
6、us of control1 【T1】2 【T2】3 【T3】4 【T4】5 【T5】6 【T6】7 【T7】8 【T8】9 【T9】10 【T10】11 【T11】12 【T12】13 【T13】14 【T14】15 【T15】SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said.
7、Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.
8、（A）An actress.（B） A tech blogger.（C） A fashion designer.（D）An athlete.（A）Her dedication.（B） Her regular reply.（C） Her appreciation.（D）Sharing of her personal life.（A）Because she wants to stress the importance of politeness.（B） Because she wants to explain why she replies to people regularly in the c
9、yber world.（C） Because she wants to describe the latest technological development that inspires her next line.（D）Because she wants to emphasize the differences between the real world and the cyber world.（A）To share with others her life and career.（B） To invite more follower and fans for her acting c
10、areer.（C） To develop the potential market for her products.（D）To interact with the world.（A）When she was a little girl who tried to resonate with her father and brother.（B） When she starred several sitcoms which made her a big shot in show business.（C） When she failed to find any fashionable female
11、fan apparel in a stadium shop.（D）When she became one of the most influential people on Twitter.（A）Online.（B） In Ralph Lauren.（C） In stadiums.（D）None of the above.（A）Fashionable outfits for herself.（B） Great response from women customers.（C） Handsome profits.（D）Her popularity being increased.（A）She w
12、ants to prove that she is much more than that.（B） She feels that she could do nothing.（C） She feels happy and content about that.（D）She wants to do more acting and break away from that image.（A）37 years ago.（B） 17 years ago.（C） Last year.（D）She was not in the cast.（A）By the number of their followers
13、.（B） By trusted recommendations.（C） By whether they are her fans.（D）By whether they are techy geeks.SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked
14、 A , B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.25 Water shortages plague a fifth of southern Europe. And with temperatures in the region forecast to rise several degrees this century reducing rainfall another 30% things will only get worse. Several thousand miles to the northwest,
15、 however, global warming is increasing the number of icebergs calving off Greenland: they now number about 15,000 a year. An iceberg is a floating reservoir. Water from icebergs is the purest water, which was formed some 10,000 years ago. All those bergs eventually dissolve in the oceans brine. Why
16、not capture and haul some of them to Europes arid south?The idea of towing icebergs to the worlds thirstiest regions goes back to the 1950s. Georges Mougin, a French engineer and eco-entrepreneur, began looking seriously at the concept in the mid-1970s. Technologies to handle such a massive undertak
17、ing didnt exist then. But they do now, thanks to Mougin, who at 86 is still working full tilt. A few years ago, he came up with the idea to enclose the bottom half of an iceberg with a skirt fashioned from insulating geotextile material to reduce melting en route. Then he imagined a scenario in whic
18、h ocean currents could be used to help steer the tugboat pulling the iceberg and drastically reduce fuel consumption a principle Mougin calls assisted drift. But a trial tow of a 7 million-ton iceberg would cost about $10 million a sum that chilled investors.The problem was that he couldnt show them
19、 his vision until now. Thanks to a virtual-reality boost from French software company Dassault Systemes, he can simulate an icebergs entire journey from Newfoundland to the Canary Islands. The collaboration is part of an effort by Dassault, which sells high-end product-testing software to such compa
20、nies as Boeing and Toyota, to offer modeling expertise to researchers like Mougin whose lofty ideas often dwarf their budgets.Two years ago, Dassault placed its 3-D imaging technologies and 15 of its engineers at Mougins disposal. Many hours and algorithms later, the team concluded recently that Mou
21、gins big idea would work. One standard-size tug traveling at 1 knot, using assisted drift, could get a skirted 7 million-ton berg to the Canaries in about 141 days with only 38% of it melting. Better yet, larger bergs would lose proportionately less, because the amount of ice that melts off the side
22、s is fairly static.Mougin was inspired to approach Dassault after watching a documentary that used the companys 3-D modeling to bring to life architect Jean-Pierre Houdins theory on how the Great Pyramid of Giza was built. Dassault believes sharing the modeling software is a high-profile way to show
23、 off the cool things its products can do while simultaneously supporting scientific inquiry. “Its a way to contribute to the community of innovators,“ says Cedric Simard, project director. Aside from supporting innovators, Dassault gives the software to French and U.S. programs aimed at improving sc
24、ience, technology and engineering education in schools.Engineers on the iceberg project charted the journey under numerous scenarios. The model relied heavily on historical meteorologic and oceanographic data as well as forecasts in real time culled from satellites, buoys and balloons. Temperature,
25、salinity, winds, swells, currents and eddies were all calculated: the model even factored in a fierce storm on day 22 of a trip. The model was also able to track the melt rate and the tugboats fuel consumption.Using 3-D glasses, Mougins team virtually examined the berg from all angles and inspected
26、both the insulation skirt and the seine used to capture and tow it. While ultimately proving Mougins theories were correct, the simulation wasnt without drama. Indeed, the first trial was a disaster, which confirmed the wisdom of modeling. The simulated tug hit a huge eddy and spent a month circling
27、 in place before moving on, resulting in too much melting and heavy fuel consumption. Despite some initial hand-wringing, the necessary fix proved quite simple: moving the departure date from mid-May to mid-June.The next step for Mougin is to secure funding from $2.96 million to $4.44 million for a
28、pilot study using a smaller fragment of ice to give the theory a real-world test. He and Wadhams got an encouraging response but no money when they sought a European Union grant a few years ago, but that was before the Dassault simulation. They expect the 3-D visuals will improve their chances of la
29、nding a grant or a commercial partner.Mougin hopes to launch the pilot test next year and advance to a full-scale trial a year or two later. Hes also confident of the gambits commercial potential and has formed a company called WPI to exploit it. After nearly 40 years of effort, Mougin anticipates s
30、erving frozen drinks en masse soon.26 The fix to the first trial was moving the departure date from mid-May to mid-June because_.（A）the current travelled fast in mid-June than in mid-May（B） it was hotter in mid-June than in mid-May（C） there were no more eddies en route in mid-June（D）there were no mo
31、re winds en route in mid-June27 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Larger bergs would lose proportionately less, because less amount of ice would melt off the sides.（B） Ocean currents could be used to reduce fuel consumption.（C） 3-D imaging technologies could
32、prove that idea of towing icebergs would work.（D）The first trial confirmed the wisdom of modeling.28 The writers attitude towards the idea of towing icebergs is_.（A）favourable（B） ambiguous（C） critical（D）reserved28 In 1990, William Deresiewicz was on his way to gaining a Ph.D. in English literature a
33、t Columbia University. Describing that time in the opening pages of his sharp, endearingly self-effacing new book, A Jane Austen Education, Deresiewicz explains that he faced one crucial obstacle. He loathed not just Jane Austen but the entire gang of 19th-century British novelists: Hardy, Dickens,
34、Eliot . the lot.At 26, Deresiewicz wasnt experiencing the hatred born of surfeit that Mark Twain described when he told a friend, “ Every time I read Pride and Prejudice I want to dig her up and hit her over the skull with her own shinbone.“ What Deresiewicz was going through was the rebel phase in
35、which Dostoyevsky rules Planet Gloom, that stage during which the best available image of marriage is a prison gate.Sardonic students do not, as Deresiewicz points out, make suitable shrine-tenders for a female novelist whose books, while short on wedding scenes, never skimp on proposals. Emma Bovar
36、y fulfilled all the young scholars expectations of literary culture at its finest: Emma Woodhouse left him cold. “ Her life,“ he lamented, “ was impossibly narrow.“ Her story, such as it was, “seemed to consist of nothing more than a lot of chitchat among a bunch of commonplace characters in a count
37、ry village.“ Hypochondriacal Mr. Woodhouse, garrulous Miss Bates werent these just the sort of bores Deresiewicz had spent his college years struggling to avoid? Maybe, he describes himself conceding, the sole redeeming feature of smug Miss Woodhouse was that she seemed to share his distaste for the
38、 dull society of Highbury.The state of outraged hostility is, of course, a setup. Many of Deresiewiczs readers will already know him as the author of the widely admired Jane Austen and the Romantic Poets. One of the novelists most appreciative critics isnt about to knock Austen off her plinth. Never
39、theless, a profound truth lies embedded in Deresiewiczs witty account of his early animosity. He applies that comic narrative device to her six completed novels. Considered so, each work reveals itself as a teaching tool in the painful journey toward becoming not only adult but useful.The truth is t
40、hat young readers dont easily attach themselves to Austen. Mr. Darcy, “ haughty as a Siamese cat“ , isnt half as appealing on the page as Colin Firth stalking across the screen in Andrew Daviess liberty-taking film. Seventeen-year-old Catherine Morland seems coltish and naive to readers of her own a
41、ge today, while Emma Woodhouse, all of 20, appears loud, vain and bossy. And who, at 27 or thereabouts, now feels sympathy for the meekness of Anne Elliot, a young woman who has allowed a monstrous father and a persuasive family friend to ruin her chances of happiness with the engaging Captain Wentw
42、orth?Deresiewiczs emphasis on Austens lack of appeal to young readers struck a chord. The memory still lingers of being taken to lunch by my father to meet a cultured man who might, it must have been hoped, exert a civilizing influence on a willful 20-year-old. Wed barely started on the appetizers b
43、efore Jane Austens name came up. “I hate her,“ I announced, brandishing my scorn as a badge of pride. Invited to offer reasons, I prattled on, much like Deresiewiczs younger self, about her dreary characters: all so banal, so unimportant. Glancing up for admiration, I caught an odd expression on our
44、 guests face, something between amusement and disgust. I carried right on. It was another five years before I comprehended the shameless depths of my arrogance. I had matched Emma at her worst.It happens that Emma at her worst is the turning point in Deresiewiczs account of his own conversion. The f
45、ictional scene that taught him to understand the subtlety of Austens manipulation of the reader was the picnic at which Emma, cocksure as ever, orders gentle Miss Bates to restrict her utterance of platitudes during the meal. Miss Bates blushes painfully, and yet accepts the truth of Emmas critique.
46、 The reader has no option but to admire, however grudgingly, such quiet humility.Although hes a shrewd critic of Austens work, Deresiewicz is less at ease when entering the genre of memoir. Girlfriends come and go: a controlling father is described without ever being quite brought to life: personal
47、experiences of community in a Jewish youth movement are awkwardly yoked to the kindly naval group evoked by Austen in the Harville-Benwick household of Persuasion. Very occasionally, as in a startling passage that offers a real-life analogy to the socially ambitious Crawfords of Mansfield Park, a se
48、ntence leaps free of Deresiewiczs selective recollections. “You guys are lunch meat now,“ a friends rich wife advises both him and her husband. “Wait a few years youll be sirloin steak.“ Here, slicing up through the text like a knife blade, surfaces a statement to match Austens own scalpel-wielding.
49、Teaching became Deresiewiczs chosen vocation. And Austen, he claims, taught him the difficult art of lecturing without being didactic, in just the way that Henry Tilney instructs a wide-eyed Catherine Morland and that Austen herself lays down the law to her readers.Rachel M. Brownsteins Why Jane Austen? offers a different
