1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 143（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 On Exam Pressure1. 不少学生对考试带来的压力感到反感2. 有些学生则认为考试压力并非坏事3. 我的观点 二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to th
2、e passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 Plastic Bag PollutionThe use of plastic ba
3、gs has increased at an alarming rate since they became popular in the 1980s. Big black bin liners, plastic carrier bags carrying advertising logos, clear sandwich bags and a variety of other forms. Theyre lightweight, handy and easily discarded. Too easily discarded. Just take a look around you. Pla
4、stic bags can be seen hanging from the branches, flying in the air, settled amongst bushes and floating on rivers. They block up drains causing water and sewage to overflow and become the breeding grounds of bacteria that cause diseases.Plastic bags are difficult and costly to recycle and most end u
5、p on landfill sites where they take around 300 years to decay. They break down into tiny toxic (有毒的) particles that pollute the soil and waterways and enter the food chain when animals accidentally consume them. But the problems surrounding waste plastic bags start long before they decay. Our planet
6、 is becoming increasingly endangered by our over-use of plastic bags.Production of Plastic BagsPlastic bags are made from ethylene (乙烯), a gas that is produced as a by-product of oil, gas and coal production. Ethylene is made into polymers (聚合体) - chains of ethylene molecules - called polyethylene.
7、This substance, also known as polythene, is used to produce a range of items, including plastic bags.You have probably noticed two types of plastic shopping bags - the lighter, filmy bags you get from supermarkets and food outlets, and the heavier bags from other retail outlets, like clothing stores
8、. The supermarket bags are made from high density polyethylene (HDPE), while the thicker bags are made from low density polyethylene (LDPE). Unlike HDPE, LDPE can not be recycled.While plastic bags may not be the most high tech application of plastics technology, it is certainly one of the most prev
9、alent. According to Clean Up Australia, Australians use in excess of 6 billion plastic bags per year. If tied together these bags would form a chain that is long enough to go around the world 37 times. More than half of these bags (3.6 billion) are made from HDPE.Dangers to Sea LifePlastic bags are
10、now amongst the top 12 items of wastes most often found along the coastlines. Animals and sea creatures are hurt and killed every day by discarded plastic bags - a dead turtle with a plastic bag hanging from its mouth isnt a pleasant sight but mistaking plastic bags for food is commonplace amongst m
11、arine animals. Plastic blocks their intestines (肠道) and leads to slow starvation. Others become entangled in plastic bags and drown.Because plastic bags take hundreds of years to break down, every year our seas become “home“ to more and more bags that find their way there through our sewers and wate
12、rways. Every bag thats washed down a drain during rainfall ends up in the sea; every bag thats flushed down a toilet ends up in the sea; every bag thats blown into a river will most likely end up in the sea. One disquieting fact stemming from this is that plastic bags can become serial killers. Once
13、 an animal dies of plastic bags, it decays at a much faster rate than the bag. Once the animal has decomposed, the bag is released back into the environment more or less intact, ready to be eaten by another misguided organism. The incredibly slow rate of decay of plastic bags also means that each ba
14、g we use compounds the problem, because the bags simply accumulate.Pollution Taxes & BansDifferent countries have adopted a range of approaches to discourage the use of plastic bags in an attempt to cut down on the number of bags finding their way into the environment. In South Africa for instance,
15、where an estimated eight billion plastic bags are used annually, the government has implemented new regulations that will see only thicker, more durable plastic bags produced. As well as making them more suitable for reuse, it is hoped that the extra cost associated with their production and supply
16、will prevent retailers giving the higher quality bags away, making their use a more expensive option for consumers.The use of plastic bags is being discouraged in other places such as Singapore and Taiwan, while the tax imposed on the use of plastic shopping bags in Ireland has resulted in the use o
17、f plastic shopping bags being reduced by 900/0 in just six months. Prior to the 15 euro cent per bag tax, it was estimated that 1.2 million plastic shopping bags were being handed out in Ireland per year. The money raised from the tax will be used to fund environmental initiatives.While anything tha
18、t lowers our consumption is good, why wait until were hit financially before we change our habits when changes arent difficult to make?How about taking previously used bags with you next time you go to the shops? Or even better - turn back time and do as grandma did and take a bamboo basket with you
19、 every time you go shopping. Shop-owners would rather you use their bags as theyre a convenient and cheap form of advertising, but whats more important, shareholder profits or the environment?Plastic bags can be re-cycled although only about one in every 200 ever finds its way to a re- cycling unit.
20、 Find out if theres a re-cycling bin near you and, if not, ask your local authority for one.Greenhouse GasesSome countries have introduced so-called “environmentally friendly plastic bags“ that are biodegradable (可生物降解). These bags take about three years to break down into practically nothing and wh
21、ile that sounds like an attractive solution, the truth is that the process of breaking down these petrol-based bags causes carbon to become methane (甲烷) which is a greenhouse gas.Its also possible to get “plastic“ bags manufactured from corn. These break down very quickly and give off no more methan
22、e than any other corn product on landfill sites. Unfortunately, theyre more expensive to produce and few shops use them.Garbage BinsOne question thats often raised in connection with the plastic bag dilemma is what should be used to line bins if not plastic bags?To answer that, lets go back in time
23、to when plastic bags were yet to become commonplace. What did we doe.For one, we had far less garbage. Goods had much less packaging than is the case today so we didnt fill our bins as quickly. Peelings, eggshells, tea bags and coffee grounds were all used as compost (肥料 ) for crops, as was any pape
24、r that wasnt needed for lighting fires. What was left went into an unlined bin with anything dirty or wet being wrapped in newspaper first.If we choose carefully when shopping so as not to bring home more packaging than necessary - theres really no point in bringing it home just to throw it straight
25、 in the bin when we unpack, the amount of waste that goes into the kitchen bin will be halved, at least.Individual EffortBy refusing to use plastic bags, you can make a huge difference to the pollution problem. Remember that each person uses about 83 bags a year. If there are four people in your fam
26、ily, thats 332 plastic bags less every year. Thats 332 bags less that will:- release toxins into the ground water from landfill sites- stay in the environment for hundreds of years- get into the food chain through animals- waste energy during the manufacturing process- kill any of the estimated 100,
27、000 marine animals that die each year of plastic pollutionThese are all-important factors that have a profound effect on our environment and the creatures we share our planet with. Should we really put our own selfish needs before the needs of everything around us now and the lives of future generat
28、ions? Thats up to you to decide.2 The passage mainly discusses the factors leading to plastic bag pollution（A）Y（B） N（C） NG3 Many food-carrying bags, made from high density polyethylene, are extremely difficult to recycle.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 The plastic bags were first produced in the 1970s and grew inc
29、reasingly popular since the 1980s.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Discarded plastic bags may become horrible serial killers for animals because of their incredibly slow decay.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 In South Africa, short-lasting low-cost thin plastics bags are banned from production.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG7 The petrol-based bag
30、s, though harmless to the environment, cost too much in manufacture to become widely used.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG8 It is estimated that about one hundred thousand sea animals were killed by discarded plastic bags.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG9 The final destination of many carelessly discarded plastic bags is _.10 In Ire
31、land, following the collection of a 15 euro cent per bag tax, plastic bag usage has dropped by _.11 The so-called environmentally friendless bags are much quicker to break down, but will release a great deal of _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long co
32、nversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which
33、is the best answer.（A）The clothes are not cleaned.（B） He doesnt intend to get the clothes.（C） The woman should not watch him.（D）The woman does not look good.（A）The style of womans sweater can be seen everywhere.（B） The man saw Jill wearing the sweater.（C） She has never worn the sweater before.（D）She
34、 seldom borrows Jills clothes.（A）She got more than one job offers.（B） She was the first one to get an offer.（C） She also was offered a job.（D）She got more offers than the man.（A）He cant see things clearly.（B） His eye doesnt hurt very much.（C） Hes feeling under weather.（D）His eye heals very quickly.（
35、A）Dan has got them.（B） Dan took care of them.（C） Gloria forgot about them.（D）Gloria has sent them out.（A）She prefers taking hills when traveling.（B） Shed rather take travelers checks than cash.（C） She doesnt have travelers cheeks in her wallet.（D）Its convenient to take some cash with her.（A）There ar
36、e not many boxes left.（B） The boxes might be too heavy for her to lift.（C） He wants to know how heavy each box is.（D）He has finished taking the boxes home.（A）The office will mail the mans birth certificate.（B） The office will not give out birth certificates any more.（C） The man is not qualified to g
37、et birth certificate.（D）The man will have to apply for his birth certificate in writing.（A）Searching for reference material.,（B） Watching a film of the 1930s.（C） Writing a course book.（D）Looking for a job in a movie studio.（A）Its too broad to cope with.（B） Its a bit outdated.（C） Its controversial,（D
38、）Its of little practical value.（A）At the end of the online catalogue.（B） At the Reference Desk.（C） In the New York Times.（D）In the Readers Guide to Periodical Literature.（A）The relationship of purchases to time spent in shopping.（B） The length of time required for drugstore shopping.（C） The increase
39、s in the size and stock of drugstores.（D）The buying of clothing from department stores.（A）A druggists suggestion.（B） An article.（C） An advertisement.（D）A sales clerks comment.（A）People enjoy shopping in them.（B） People spend little time in them.（C） People are more likely to buy something in them if
40、time is limited.（D）People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold in drugstores.（A）They know what they want to buy.（B） They have little money to spend.（C） They talk themselves out of purchase.（D）They shop at the cheapest stores.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear
41、3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）They reported their research on American astronomy.（B） The
42、y reported their finding on the color of the universe.（C） They reported their experiment on various star systems.（D）They reported their invention of a color identification software.（A）Light green.（B） Milky white.（C） Dark blue.（D）Colorless.（A）Because the American Astronomical Society offered wrong da
43、ta.（B） Because they included the wrong star systems in their observation.（C） Because they were misled by newspapers and television reports.（D）Because there is a mistake in the computer software they used.（A）Because economics is as irregular as weather.（B） Because economics is as important as weather
44、 to our daily life.（C） Because economics condition can be judged according to weather.（D）Because it is not easy to predict the future condition of economics.（A）They use unemployment rates to judge the decline measured by the index.（B） They use the interest rates to confirm the growth of economy.（C）
45、They use percentage to represent the changes weighed by the index.（D）They use stocks as the measurement of development in market.（A）Unemployment rates.（B） Manufacturing rates,（C） Interest rates,（D）Peoples expectations of the economy.（A）About 25 percent of the population.（B） Less than 23 percent of t
46、he population.（C） About 76 percent of the population.（D）Less than 1 percent of the population.（A）Farmers had less money to spend than other Americans.（B） Farmers earned about one-third the income of non-farmers.（C） Farmers earned almost as much money as the non-farmers.（D）Farmers earned more money t
47、han the average American families.（A）Because it is higher than the income of the average American family.（B） Because farmers have little money left after paying all necessary expenses.（C） Because the situation in small farms and large farms is quite different.（D）Because 2004 is the best year for far
48、m families.（A）Industrial workers earn income from their factory businesses.（B） The percentage of industrial workers in the labor force is declining.（C） The payment for industrial workers is gradually decreasing.（D）Industrial workers are paid differently from service workers.Section CDirections: In t
49、his section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down th
