1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 1000（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Used as Public Parking Lots? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1目前一些大学开放校园作为公共停车场2有人认为这样可以资源共享，有人认为这样会扰乱教学
2、秩序3我认为Should the University Campus Be Used as Public Parking Lots?二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark：Y (for YES
3、) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Climate Change May Make Insect-Borne Diseases Harder to ControlClimate change can influ
4、ence how infectious diseases affect the world, particularly illnesses spread by vector(传染媒介)like mosquitoes. Now scientists have developed some understanding about how rainfall and temperature can influence malaria, dengue(登革热)and West Nile virus infections as well as ways to combat them.Vector-born
5、e diseases are among the most complex and annoying illnesses to manage, since so many elements are at play, like host resistance, the environment, urbanization and the pathogens(病原体)themselves. As a result, its difficult to tease out any one factor to measure, and with the added effects of warming w
6、eather and shifting precipitation(降水), ongoing disease-management efforts are becoming more complicated.“Climate change is not going to invent any new diseases! its going to make controlling existing diseases harder,“ said Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum, head of the climate change team at the World Health
7、 Organizations headquarters. “Weve been describing the links between climate change and health for quite a long time.“Diseases spread by mosquitoes are particularly affected by climate change, since the insects lay their eggs in standing water, be it in puddles, ponds, lakes or tide pools. Standing
8、water varies with rainfall, humidity and temperature, with wetter weather typically showing a greater number of mosquitoes. When a female mosquito matures, she can spread infections by drawing blood from an infected host and transmitting the illness to a different host with another bite.Heat can als
9、o influence how a pathogen is spread. In the case of West Nile virus, rising temperatures work both in favor of and against the spread of the disease. “The pathogenthe warmer the temperature, the faster it moves from the blood to being transmitted. It usually takes a while for the virus to get into
10、the mosquitos salivary glands,“ said Marm Kilpatrick, an assistant professor in ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. “The biting rate also gets faster. So those things are all going to give you more transmission. “On the other hand, hotter weather shortens th
11、e mosquitos life span. “What you basically have going on is three factors going in one direction and one factor in the other direction,“ said Kilpatrick, who published a paper on West Nile virus last month in the journal Science. “Its a little bit tricky to make a solid prediction.“West Nile virus i
12、s an interesting case study because the disease originated in Africa and emerged in North America in 1999, relatively recently as far as diseases go. Because of this, researchers have tracked where the disease has spread over time. Kilpatrick found that the virus is most abundant in human-developed
13、areas like cities and farms. He also found that the virus quickly adapted to use local mosquitoes in the United States, and hosts like robins played an important role in spreading the virus over long distances.However, Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change directly to yearly changes in West Ni
14、le infection rates, since land use changes and infected hosts move around. Nonetheless, lessons from climate change and West Nile can be applied to more prevalent diseases. “The same questions were wondering about West Nile apply to malaria and dengue,“ said Kilpatrick. A killer with no cure spreads
15、Dengue fever is one of the worlds most common diseases, with one-third of the world living in endemic areas(病区), according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It afflicts 900 million people worldwide, and the number is growing, according to Khoa T. D. Thai, a researcher at the Acad
16、emic Medical Center in Amsterdam and at the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.Thai, who co-authored a paper on dengue this past summer in Experimental Biology and Medicine, said that the number of people afflicted by the disease is increasing, but part of the ri
17、se comes from more awareness and better diagnostics(诊断法)as health care reaches impoverished and rural areas.The distribution of the disease is also growing, some of which Thai attributes to climate change as regions with tropical climates expand. Since dengue has no cure or vaccine, fighting the dis
18、ease must focus mainly on prevention, whether its draining water to prevent mosquitoes from breeding or wearing long sleeves and using mosquito repellents.Anticipating climate trends is also important in fighting mosquito-borne diseases, particularly with malaria. “The key step to all of this is to
19、understand what happens with climate variability,“ said Andy Dobson, a professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at Princeton University. “Although weve got some fantastic weather data, its always being cleaned up. In general we need much better models for how climate variability affects malaria
20、.“Getting ahead of malaria shifts from climate change is important because people who have been exposed to the parasite(寄生物)the most have the strongest resistance to it, said Dobson, who wrote about this topic in Trends in Ecology and Evolution in June. As the disease moves to new areas, previously
21、unexposed populations may experience an epidemic.“Malaria will expand particularly in the mountain regions. Weve seen increasingly strong evidence of that in the east African highlands,“ he said, noting how drought and rainfall have shifted and warming weather has made mountains more welcoming to mo
22、squitoes.“Malaria will always come from an interaction between temperature and rainfall,“ added Dobson. “The rainfall certainly determines the mosquito abundance, and temperature affects the parasites. “Dobson said it is more efficient to combat malaria by using mosquito nets and managing the enviro
23、nment rather than some of the more exotic proposed control measures like lasers to shoot mosquitoes. “Understanding the ecological dynamics of the disease will get you much more bang for your buck,“ he said. With better climate predictions and land management, Dobson said malaria and other vector-bo
24、rne diseases can be reduced significantly.2 What makes vector-borne diseases more complicated to manage?（A）The added effects of climate change.（B） The rapid progress of urbanization.（C） The sudden appearance of new pathogens.（D）The bodys resistance to diseases.3 What kind of environment favors mosqu
25、itoes most when they lay eggs?（A）Dry weather and standing water.（B） Cool weather and running water.（C） Wet weather and standing water.（D）Hot weather and running water.4 What do we know about the spread of West Nile virus?（A）The warm weather can slow down its transmission.（B） Heat has positive as wel
26、l as negative effects on its spread.（C） It takes long for the virus to enter the mosquitos salivary glands.（D）It is easy for experts to make a solid prediction on its spread.5 Where is West Nile virus most abundant according to Kilpatrick?（A）In urban areas and farms.（B） In poor and rural areas.（C） I
27、n remote mountainous areas.（D）In some wild bird habitats.6 Kilpatrick hesitates to link climate change to West Nile infection rates because of_.（A）the changes in the number of mosquitoes（B） the difficulty of counting infected people（C） the endurance of the West Nile virus to heat（D）the uncertainty o
28、f land use and infected hosts7 Thai thinks the number of people afflicted by dengue fever is increasing partly due to_.（A）peoples ignorance of its transmission（B） better diagnostics brought about by health care（C） more exposure to vectors like mosquitoes（D）worse climatic conditions caused by air pol
29、lution8 The prevention of dengue fever involves_.（A）flooding the breeding area of mosquitoes（B） putting on clothes with short sleeves（C） using chemicals to repel mosquitoes（D）receiving the injection of dengue vaccine9 As weather data is always cleaned up, it is necessary to have much better models f
30、or_.10 The epidemic situation in the east African highlands shows that malaria spreads particularly in_11 Compared with those unusual measures to combat malaria, it is more recommended by Dobson to use mosquito nets and_.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2
31、 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decid
32、e which is the best answer.（A）He did not mean to see it.（B） He thought that the movie was good.（C） He did not want to see the movie again.（D）He wanted to stay at home.（A）Give Bob a phone call.（B） Go and pick Bob up.（C） Go and look for Bob.（D）Wait for Bob.（A）Prof. Brown has got into trouble.（B） The m
33、an regrets taking up much of Prof. Browns time.（C） Prof. Brown has difficulty in sleeping.（D）The man knows Prof. Brown has been busy.（A）He met his boss in Beijing.（B） He arrived at the station on time.（C） He missed the meeting with his boss.（D）He called his boss.（A）Buy a new house.（B） Find a new hou
34、se right now.（C） Sold the house.（D）Live with another student.（A）Toms sister and her husband were leaving for Boston.（B） Toms sister was leaving for New York.（C） Toms sister was going to Boston.（D）Toms sister was going to New York.（A）He wants to choose presents for Jane.（B） He wants the woman to buy
35、presents by herself.（C） He doesnt want to give Jane any present.（D）Hell go shopping with the woman.（A）She will not buy that dress.（B） She has decided to buy that dress.（C） She will buy the dress in the supermarket.（D）She wants to sell the dress in the supermarket.（A）She cares for the models.（B） She
36、takes foreigners on guided tours.（C） She transports people from one place to another.（D）She answers the telephones.（A）Assistant manager.（B） Tour operator.（C） Conference coordinator.（D）Modeling agent.（A）She will go back to the modeling agency.（B） She is planning to go back home.（C） She is going to be
37、 a tour operator.（D）She will go around the company.（A）An interpreter works on both spoken and written languages.（B） An interpreter serves as a medium between people speaking different languages.（C） A translator works on spoken languages without dictionaries.（D）A translator follows people and does th
38、e translation.（A）English, French and German.（B） English, German and Italian.（C） English, French and Italian.（D）English, German and Italian.（A）English.（B） French.（C） Italian.（D）German.（A）Being a bilingual.（B） Mastering the languages completely.（C） Having the experience of doing interpreting.（D）Meetin
39、g different people.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B
40、, C and D.（A）You need a large hard disk if you want to download all the mails.（B） You need to spend much money in purchasing the e-mail applications.（C） You need to input a user name, a password, and the mail-service addresses.（D）You need to keep your e-mail account active all the time.（A）Desktop ma
41、il programs.（B） Internet providers.（C） Mail servers.（D）Social networks.（A）The e-mail services are developing very fast.（B） The Web mail and e-mail applications both have advantages and disadvantages.（C） The e-mail applications are not as good as Web mail services.（D）The mail software developers and
42、Internet providers cant cooperate with each other.（A）He found the painting hung in Moscow when he went there.（B） He read a book in which the present location of the painting is mentioned.（C） He received a letter informing him where his painting is now.（D）He originally hung the painting in his living
43、 room but later found it gone.（A）85 years ago.（B） During the Vietnam War.（C） Immediately after the Vietnam War.（D）In the 1980s.（A）He doesnt mind that there are so many reproductions.（B） He believes its a good idea to sell the reproductions.（C） He knows clearly the art market will be improved soon.（D
44、）He thinks some measures should be taken to identify the originals from the copies.（A）How to freeze fish.（B） How to dry fish.（C） How to can fish.（D）How to smoke fish.（A）To remove the blood from the meat.（B） To make the fish fresh.（C） To remove the fishy smell.（D）To make the fish salty.（A）Pull them o
45、ut by hands.（B） Throw the sinking fish away.（C） Pour more water into the container.（D）Add more salt to the water.（A）The more the salt is used, the better the fish tastes.（B） Fish should be cut off heads before they are being dried.（C） The fish should be out of bright sunlight while they are being dr
46、ied.（D）The container must be covered with a heavy stone and placed on a wooden table.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time,
47、 you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 36 Chicago Public
48、 Schools officials are giving the public an early look at the strategy they will use in December when deciding which schools will be closed, consolidated or【B1】_to be turned around.The controversial【B2】 _will be put in place by the new Office of Portfolio, led by Oliver Sicat. When【B3】_ the creation
49、 of the office in July, Jean-Claude Brizard, the districts chief 【B4】_, said that the goal was very simple: to create great schools in every【B5】_.But as Mr. Sicat gave his first【B6】_ to the Board of Education on Wednesday, it became 【B7】_how far from simple his task really is.Mr. Sicat said district officials would rely on school performance as the【B8】_ factor in determining which schools to overhaul.【B9】_. So will the need to provide black and Latino stu
