1、2009 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）John failed the exam.（B） John didnt take the exam.（C） John passed the exam, but scored low.（D）It took John a long time to pass the exam.（A）To travel by train.（B） To go by Taxi.（C） To go hiking.（D）To rent a car.（A）1-231-555-1212.（B） 1-213-555-2112.（C） 1-213-555-121
2、2.（D）1-231-555-2112.（A）Morning sickness.（B） A frequent headache.（C） A pain in her right leg.（D）A boring hospitalization.（A）Doctor and patient.（B） Boss and secretary.（C） Agent and customer.（D）Driver and passenger.（A）To buy another pair of shoes.（B） To help his brother right away.（C） To turn to his br
3、other for help.（D）To seek advice from the woman.（A）He is offering a piece of advice.（B） He is examining a patient.（C） He is attending his daughter.（D）He is taking a patient s history.（A）To ask the man to call her back.（B） To go to the botanic garden.（C） To do some gardening.（D）To play tennis.（A）Loui
4、se is not a new comer.（B） Louise loves being a nurse.（C） Louise did a lot of work for the man.（D）Louise has been waiting for a long time.（A）Two.（B） Three.（C） Four.（D）Seven.（A）She has thrown out of the car.（B） She was knocked down by the car.（C） She hit her head on the steering wheel.（D）She got the s
5、teering wheel in her chest.（A）She overacted to the man.（B） She cried over her failure.（C） She made a success of her diet.（D）She was jealous of the man.（A）He hates those who fool around.（B） He will never try the stuff.（C） He will shoot any drug dealer.（D）He regrets having tried the stuff.（A）The oppos
6、ite to the man s expectation.（B） A quicker recovery than expected.（C） A pair of mismatching boots.（D）Her healthy pregnancy.（A）He will do as requested.（B） He will not join the team.（C） The woman is crazy about him.（D）The woman has trouble standing.二、Section B（A）For the purpose of diagnosis confirmati
7、on.（B） For the possibility of legal trouble.（C） For the doctor s investigation.（D）For the patient s future use.（A）He has got cancer in his pancreas.（B） He falls with a stomach problem.（C） He suffers from fatigue.（D）He has a loss of weight.（A）See a dietician.（B） Have an operation.（C） Start chemothera
8、py.（D）Take medication for pain relieve.（A）A couple of years.（B） More than 5 years.（C） A couple of months.（D）Approximately 5 years.（A）Suspicious.（B） Anxious.（C） Hesitant.（D）Factual. （A）Life evolution.（B） Space exploration.（C） Extraterrestrial life.（D）Unknown flying objects.（A）His 50th birthday.（B） NA
9、SA s 50th anniversary.（C） The University s 50th anniversary.（D）The US Cosmology Association s 50th Anniversary.（A）Even primitive life is impossible.（B） Intelligent life is fairly common.（C） Intelligent life is less likely.（D）Any form of life is possible.（A）Nuclear weapons.（B） Alien kidnapping.（C） Hu
10、man extinction.（D）Dangerous infection.（A）Ironic.（B） Negative.（C） Indifferent.（D）Supportive. （A）Obese people need more food.（B） Obese people require more fuel.（C） Obesity contributes to global warming.（D）Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon.（A）Limited living space.（B） Crowded shopping malls.（C）
11、Food shortage and higher energy prices.（D）Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.（A）Over 700 millions.（B） Over 400 millions.（C） Over 2. 3 billions.（D）Over 3 billion.（A）1800 calories.（B） 1280 calories.（C） 1680 calories.（D）2960 calories.（A）Climate change.（B） The fall of food prices.（C） A ri
12、se in energy prices.（D）An increasing demand for food.三、Section A31 The_conditions and places are likely to cause diseases.（A）unsanitary（B） insidious（C） insane（D）inefficacious32 The witness was_by the judge for failing to answer the question.（A）abstained（B） acquitted（C） admonished（D）adduced33 He has_
13、two cars this year because of traffic accidents.（A）pulled of（B） worn out（C） passed out（D）written off34 People are much better informed since the_of the Internet.（A）convenient（B） advent（C） interface（D）aftermath35 All instruments that come into contact with the patient must be_before being used by oth
14、ers.（A）sterilized（B） labeled（C） quarantined（D）retained36 By adopting this cunning policy, the clinic risks_many of its patients.（A）acquitting（B） allocating（C） alleviating（D）alienating37 Humor can also be a powerful_against stress and misfortune.（A）bravery（B） blossom（C） buffer（D）buffet38 Diabetes ups
15、ets the_of sugar, fat and protein.（A）metastasis（B） metabolism（C） malaise（D）maintenance39 The muscular_can affect the way we feel mentally.（A）potency（B） fiber（C） lethargy（D）synthesis40 Evidence is widespread that HIV-infected persons show to_their unsafe behavior.（A）respond to（B） reflect on（C） wipe o
16、ut（D）put off四、Section B41 Memory can be both enhanced and impaired by use of drugs.（A）inhibited（B） injured（C） induced（D）intervened.42 Is it true that this is the major drawback, of the new medical plan?（A）defect（B） assistance（C） culprit（D）triumph43 The physician was becoming exasperated with all the
17、 questions they were asking.（A）frustrated（B） perplexed（C） irritated（D）crippled44 We were shocked at the physician s callous disregard for the human dimension of medicine.（A）involuntary（B） apparent（C） deliberate（D）indifferent45 For years, biologists have known that chimpanzees and even some monkeys p
18、roduce a panting sound akin to human laughter.（A）rocking（B） gasping（C） vibrating（D）resonating46 Everybody at the party was in a very relaxed and jolly mood.（A）rejoicing（B） reconciling（C） refreshing（D）resenting47 The bacterial infection is curable with judiciou, suse of antibiotics.（A）impudent（B） imp
19、rudent（C） purulent（D）prudent48 He tried to run, but he was hampered by his broken leg.（A）endangered（B） endured（C） encountered（D）encumbered49 The whole holiday was a colossal waste of money.（A）consecutive（B） conductive（C） considerate（D）considerable50 The idea of correcting defective genes is not part
20、icularly controversial in the scientific community.（A）inevitable（B） applicable（C） disputable（D）incredible 五、Part Cloze50 Every day, over a million people log onto different Internet-based games. There is truly something for everyone in the gaming world. Gaines provide a quick escape from【C1】_.Game d
21、evelopers are the new breed of storytellers, creating alternative【C2】_Games represent the ultimate interactive movie, allowing the user to control the direction of the plot.And now the newest technologies allow you to play games no matter where you are. At home, we have PC or video game consoles.【C3
22、】_, a desktop or laptop computer can be loaded with OS-bundled games or Web-based freebies. Even while traveling, there are many wireless computers, portable devices, wireless phones and PDAs【 C4】_Games are now pushing back all the【C5】_once placed upon them by technology, category, realism, location
23、 and time. These advances are helping to push games into the【C6】_of virtual reality. Thus, the stuff of science fiction novels is gradually emerging, the graphic aspects of the game quickly【C7】_Initially, electronic games involved【C8】_moving blocks, across a TV or computer screen.【C9 】_the vast incr
24、eases in processing power, games are quickly approaching three-dimensional realism. This power allows a developer to create a【C10】_world where a gamer can look around in full 360-degree vision.51 【C1 】（A）society（B） reality（C） dream（D）illusion52 【C2 】（A）approaches（B） characters（C） worlds（D）mazes53 【C
25、3 】（A）In general（B） At present（C） In reality（D）At work54 【C4 】（A）to choose from（B） to choose（C） choosing from（D）chosen55 【C5 】（A）defects（B） drawbacks（C） limitations（D）disadvantages56 【C6 】（A）room（B） realm（C） range（D）boundary57 【C7 】（A）evolves（B） evolving（C） evolved（D）evolve58 【C8 】（A）simply（B） readi
26、ly（C） exceptionally（D）simultaneously59 【C9 】（A）Aiding by（B） To aid by（C） Aided by（D）To be aided by60 【C10 】（A）human（B） original（C） ealistic（D）microscopic六、Part Reading Comprehension60 Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotal
27、ers.Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderatelydefined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day had an IQ t
28、hat was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers.The type of alcohol didn t influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake.The researchers are quick to
29、point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent.“ It s very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship,“ says senior researcher Hiroshi Shi-mokata. “We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such a
30、s lifestyle and nutritional intake. “Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lo
31、t of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain.If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are know
32、n to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries.The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.61 The Japanese study was carried out on_.（A）the development of IQ（B） the
33、secret of longevity（C） the brain food in a glass（D）the amount of healthy drinking62 The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in_.（A）female teetotalers than in male ones（B） female drinkers than in male ones（C） moderate drinkers（D）teetotalers63 When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-ef
34、fect relationship, Shimokata means that_.（A）the study failed to involve such variables as income and education（B） he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation（C） there are some other contributing factors（D）the results were just misleading64 From Shimokata s mention of fish and cheese we can i
35、nfer that in enhancing intelligence_.（A）sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese（B） they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine（C） they are not as effective as sake and wine（D）sake or wine is not alone65 Based on the study, Shimokata would say that_.（A）intelligence improves with age（
36、B） IQ can be enhanced in one way or another（C） polyphenols in alcohol may boost the brain（D）Alcoholic drinks will make you more intelligent65 Women do not avoid fighting because they are dainty or scared, but because they have a greater stake than men in staying alive to rear their offspring. Women
37、compete with each other just as tenaciously as men, but with a stealth and subtlety that reduces their chances of being killed or injured, says Anne Campbell of the department of psychology at the University of Durham.Across almost all cultures and nationalities, men have a much smaller role than wo
38、men in rearing children. “Males go for quantity of children rather than quality of care for offspring, which means that the parental investment of women is much greater,“ says Campbell. And unlike men, who can t be sure that their children have not been fathered on the sly by other men, women can al
39、ways be certain that half an offspring s genes are theirs.Women have therefore evolved a strong impulse than men to see their children grow up into adults. Men s psychological approach is geared to fathering as many children as possible.To make this strategy work and to attract partners, men need to
40、 establish and advertise their dominance over rival males. Throughout evolution this has translated into displays of male aggression, ranging in scale from playground fights to world wars.Men can afford to take more risks because as parents they are more expendable. Women, meanwhile, can only ensure
41、 reproductive success by overseeing the development of their children, which means avoiding death.“ The scale of parental investment drives everything,“ says Campbell. “ It s not that women are too scared to fight,“ she says. “It s more to do with the positive value of staying alive, and women have
42、an awfully big stake not just in offspring themselves but in offspring they might have in the future,“ she says.This means that if women do need to competeperhaps for a partnerthey choose low-risk rules of engagement. They use indirect tactics, such as discrediting rivals by spreading malicious rumo
43、rs. And unlike men who glory in feats of dominance, women do better by concealing their actions and their “victories“.But there is no doubt, says Campbell, that the universal domination of culture by males has exaggerated these differences in attitudes to physical aggression. “The story we ve always
44、 been told is that females are not aggressive,“ says Campbell. And when they are aggressive; women are told that their behavior is “odd or abnormal“.66 For the sake of their children, according to Campbell, women_.（A）are reluctant to start wars（B） cannot avoid being dainty or scared（C） would rather
45、get killed or injured in fighting（D）do not fight with men under any circumstances.67 It can be learned from the passage that men and women_.（A）present different family values in the world（B） show definite differences in parenting skills（C） are genetically conditioned in educating their children（D）ta
46、ke different psychological approaches to their children68 Which of the following would men most probably be concerned about according to the passage?（A）Life.（B） Parenting.（C） Dominance.（D）Reproduction.69 To avoid death, women_.（A）cannot afford to confront risks（B） choose to fight in a violent way（C）
47、 try to seek protection from men（D）would resort to the “odd or abnormal“ tactics70 What is the main idea of the passage?（A）Why men and women possess different parenting skills.（B） Why men are more aggressive than women.（C） Why women evolve in their own way.（D）Why women do not start fights. 70 The fi
48、rst line reads; “She sits on the bed with a helpless expression. What is your name? Au-guste. Last name? Auguste. What is your husband s name? Auguste, I think. “ The 32 pages of medical records that follow are the oldest medical description of Alzheimer s disease. Psychiatrist Konrad Maurer and his
49、 colleagues at Johann Wolfgan Goethe University in Frankfurt found the file in their hospital s archive, where it had been missing for nearly 90 years, and published exerpts from it last May in The Lancet. The notes, in a cramped, archaic German script, were written by Alois Alzheimerthe physician who first described the disease.His patient, Auguste D. , was a 51-year-old woman who had suffered fits of paranoid jealousy
