2019届高考化学图表题专项突破专题04元素周期图表题典题特训.doc

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1、1专题 04 元素周期图表题【高考真题训练】1 【2017 新课标 3卷】短周期元素 W、X、Y 和 Z在周期表中的相对位置如表所示,这四种元素原子的最外层电子数之和为 21。下列关系正确的是W XY ZA氢化物沸点:WWC化合物熔点:Y 2X3 B CDE 的氧化物水化物的酸性大于 D的氧化物水化物的酸性【答案】C【解析】A、B、C、D、E 是原子序数依次增大的五种短周期主族元素,结合甲和丙是 D元素的两种常见氧化物,乙和丁是 B元素的两种常见同素异形体,0.005mol/L 戊溶液的 pH=2,戊为硫酸,可知丙为 SO3,甲为 SO2,乙为 O3,丁为 O2,则 B为 O元素,D 为 S元

2、素,其中 A的原子序数是 B和 D原子序数之和的 ,A的原子序数为(8+16) =6,可知 A为 C元素;C 元素的最高价氧化物的水化物是一种中强碱,结合原子序数可知,C 为 Mg,E 为 Cl。镁是活泼金属,硫是活泼非金属,MgS 是离子化合物,故 A错误;MgCl 2是强酸弱碱盐,水溶液呈酸性,故 B错误;S 2-的电子层数最多,半径最大,Mg 2+、O 2- 电子层数相同,质子数越多半径越小,所以半径 S2- O2- Mg2+,故 C正确;Cl 的最高价氧化物水化物高氯酸的酸性大于 S的最高价氧化物水化物硫酸的酸性,但是氯元素的其他价态的氧化物的水化物的酸性不一定比硫酸强,故 D错误。10 (青海省西宁市第四高级中学 2019届高三上学期第二次(10 月)模拟考试理科综合)X、Y、Z、M、R4为五种短周期元素,其原子半径和最外层电子数之间的关系如图所示。下列说法中正确的是A简单离子半径:RMBM 和 Z两种元素可以共存于同一种离子化合物中C工业冶炼 R的单质通常用热还原法D氧化物的水化物酸性:ZM【答案】B

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