1、1八年级(下) Units 12中考基础知识梳理类别 课标考点要求词汇攻关1.stomach(n.)_stomachache_( n.)胃痛；腹痛2.foot(n.)_feet_( pl.) 脚；足3.own(v.)_owner_( n.)物主；主人4.break(n.)_broken_( adj.)破损的；残缺的5.train(v.)_training_( n.)训练；培训6.kind(adj.)_kindness_( n.)仁慈；善良7.strong(adj.)_weak_(反义词)虚弱的；无力的_stronger_(比较级)较强壮的；较强烈的_strongest_(最高级)最强壮的；最强
2、烈的8.feel(v.)_felt_(过去式/过去分词)感觉_feeling_( n.)感觉；感触_interested_( adj.)感兴趣的9.interest(n.& v)_interesting_( adj.)有趣的10.knife(n.)_knives_( pl.)刀11.hurt(v.)_hurt_(过去式/过去分词)(使)疼痛；受伤12.decide(v.)_decision_( n.)决定；抉择13.satisfy( v)_satisfaction_( n.)满足；满意_satisfied_( adj.)感到满意的；满足的14.alone(adj.& adv.)_lonely_
3、( adj.)孤独的；寂寞的15.imagine(v.)_imagination_( n.)想象力；想象16.death(n.)死亡_die_( v.)消失；灭亡；死亡17.climb(v.)_climber_( n.)登山者；攀登者短语归纳1.感冒_have_a_cold_2.胃痛；腹痛_have_a_stomachache_3.躺下_lie_down_4.量体温_take_ones_temperature_5.发烧_have_a_fever_6.休息_take_breaks/take_a_break_7.下车_get_off_8.使惊讶的是；出乎的意料_to_ones_surprise_9
4、.立即；马上_right_away_10.陷入；参与_get_into_11.习惯于；适应于_be_used_to_12.冒险_take_risks/take_a_risk_13.用尽；耗尽_run_out_(of)_14.切除_cut_off_15.离开；从出来_get_out_of_16.掌管；管理_be_in_control_of_17.放弃_give_up_18.打扫(或清除)干净_clean_up_19.(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来_cheer_up_20.分发；散发_give_out_21.想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)_come_up_with_22.推迟_put_off_23.
5、分发_hand_out_24.打电话给(某人)；征召_call_up_25.照顾；非常喜欢_care_for_26.参加选拔；试用_try_out_227.修理；装饰_fix_up_28.赠送；捐赠_give_away_29.(外貌或行为)像_take_after_30.建起；设立_set_up_31.影响；有作用_make_a_difference_32.帮助摆脱困境_help_out_33.曾经；过去_used_to_34.因感谢某人 _thank_sb._for_(doing)_sth._35.与相似 _be_similar_to_ 句型再现(含情景交际)1.(询问他人健康状况)“你怎么
6、啦？”“我背痛。”_Whats_the_matter_？I_have_a_sore_back_.2.我该怎么办？_What_should_I_do_？3.(询问他人意见)“我应该放些药在上面吗？”“是的，应该。/不，不应该。”_Should_I_put some medicine on it？Yes，_you_should_./No，_you_shouldnt_.4.昨天上午9点，26路公交车正沿着中华路行驶，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。At 9：00 am.yesterday，bus No.26_was_going_along_Zhonghua Road when the driver_s
7、aw_an old man_lying_on the side of the road.5.有人头部受到撞击。Someone_got_hit_on the head.6.作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯了冒险。As a mountain climber，Aron _is_used_to_taking_risks.7.他们给我讲过去的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。They told me stories about the past and how things _used_to_be_.8.她在四岁时就能独自看书了。She could read _by_herself_at_the_age_of_fo
8、ur_.9.有了你的帮助，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”(狗名)。You helped to_make_it_possible_ for me to have 3Lucky.10.我喜爱动物，我对拥有一条狗这个想法感到兴奋。I love animals and I was _excited_about_the idea _of_having_a_dog_.11.我认为我以同样的姿势一动不动坐太久了。I think I sat _in_the_same_way_for too long _without_moving_.12.当他在犹他州登山的时候，他发现自己陷入了危险的境地。He found him
9、self in a very dangerous situation _when_climbing_in Utah.语法1.情态动词should，shouldnt，could用于提建议(详见第二编P120)2.反身代词(详见第二编P98)3.常用动词词组(详见第二编P119)4.动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语 和目的状语(详见第二编P123)话题 Unit 1 Health and first aid(健康与急救)Unit 2 Volunteering and charity(志愿者服务与慈善)素材包如何保持健康：1.More and more people realize the import
10、ance of exercise.2.The doctor told me to take a rest and drink more water.3.Through sports and exercise，people become healthier and stronger.4.Having a ninehour sleep every night is also very important.5.Wed better eat more vegetables and fruit instead of meat.如何保持自身安全：1.Whats more，the traffic safet
11、y is also important.2.We should always stay in the safe place when we go swimming.3.Dont give your personal information to others on the Internet.4.Last but not least，food safety can make a real difference to students daily life at the same time.描述疾病或意外：1.I played computer all the time without takin
12、g a rest.2.To my surprise，he hurt himself badly.3.Thanks to Mr.Wu，he sent the old man to the hospital quickly.4.The young man was so careless that he hurt himself.5.The man hit the door heavily and then he was sent to the hospital.贵阳中考重难点突破trouble的用法 (教材八下P3)【满分点拨】4【归纳拓展】trouble作动词时，意为“打扰；使烦恼”，常用搭配为
13、：trouble sb.to do sth.麻烦某人做某事be sorry to trouble sb.抱歉打扰某人1你是一个很善良的人，能帮助那些在困境中的人们。It is very kind of you to help the people who are _in_ _trouble_2Now，we have some trouble _raising_(raise) enough money for rebuilding their houses after the earthquake.辨析used to do sth.，be/get used to (doing) sth.与be
14、used to do sth. (教材八下P6，P10)短语 含义及用法used to do sth. 过去常常做某事(to为不定式符号)be/get used to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事(to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词)be used to do sth.(be used for doing sth.)被用来做某事(不定式作目的状语；for短语表用途)1(热点题)Nowadays，Alipay(支付宝) is widely used _to_pay_(pay) for goods.2(热点题)Many people are used to _watching_(wa
15、tch) Go Fighting(极限挑战) on Sunday nights.( A )3.(2018宜宾中考)My sister _ be lazy.But now shes working really hard.Aused to Bis used to Cwas used togive up的用法 (教材八下P7)【满分点拨】(1)give up是动副短语，后接代词作宾语时，代词必须放在两词之间；后接名词作宾语时，名词可放在两词之间或之后。如：Although English is very difficult，I dont want to give it up.虽然英语很难，但是我不
16、想放弃。(2)give up后接动词时需用动词的ing形式。【归纳拓展】give的相关短语：5( C )1.(2019预测)He failed to break the world record for the long jump ma ny times，but he never _ his hope. Agave away Bgave back Cgave up2The chemical change gave_off_ heat and light.3(热点人物题)The famous professor，Ye Jiaying(叶嘉莹)，gave_away_ all her money t
17、o Nankai University.4The enemy was at last forced to give_in_cheer up的用法 (教材八下P9)【满分点拨】(1)cheer up可以单独使用，表示“(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来”。如：Oh，come oncheer up！噢 ，加油，振奋起来吧！(2)cheer sb.up意为“使某人高兴起来”，相当于make sb.happy。如果宾语是名词或词组，可放在cheer up的中间或后面，若是代词作宾语，则只能放在cheer up的 中间。如：Please give Mary a call，and it can cheer her
18、 up.给玛丽打个电话吧，这样能让她高兴起来。【归纳拓展】本单元中up短语：( C )1.(2018苏州中考改编)Little Jenny looks unhappy today.Dont worry.A box of chocolates will _ her _A give；up Bwake；up Ccheer；up( C )2.(2018昆山三模改编)What should we do for the disabled children in the Childrens Home?You are supposed to _ a study group to help them.Atake
19、 up Bfix up Cset upput off推迟 (教材八下P10)【满分点拨】与put有关的短语：put away 把收起来put on 穿上；上演；增加(体重)put down 放下；写下put out 熄灭；扑灭put up张贴；搭起；举起6( A )1.(2018襄阳中考改编)Mom，can I leave the chores till tomorrow?Im afraid not.You cant _ todays work till tomorrow.Aput off Bturn down Cgive away( A )2.(2018临沂中考改编)A primary sc
20、hool in England has _ signs at its three entrances(入口)，saying：Greet your child with a smile，not a mobile.Aput up Bput off Cput on( C )3.(2018银川模拟改编)The firemens job is to_ the fire and protect our safety.Aput away Bput up Cput out辨析rise和raise (教材八下P12)【满分点拨】两个词都有“举起、提高、升起”之意，但其用法不尽相同。rise 不及物动词，后不接宾
21、语，无被动语态一般事物可以自发地上升，如太阳升起、水位上升、价格上涨、收入增加等不规则动词，过去式为rose，过去分词为risenraise 及物动词，后常接宾语强调外力所施加 的影响，如筹钱、养育小孩、饲养动物、举高物体等规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为raisedraise，rise1The price of the houses in China _has_risen_ since 2，000.2The sea level _rises_ because of the global warming.3The teacher _raised_ her voice to let herself
22、 heard by students.( B )4.(贵阳背景特色题)The government is working hard _ money to build a wider country road.Araise Bto raise Cto riseWhats the matter？怎么了？I have a stomachache.我胃痛。(教材八下P1)【满分点拨】(1)Whats the matter？意为“怎么了？”常用来询问身体有什么不适或有什么不顺心的事，也可以用来询问某物出了什么故障，后面可接with sb./sth.，表示“某人或某物怎么了？”。(2)由ache构成的复合
23、名词(表示身体某个部位疼痛)：(3)“havea名词”型短语：【归纳拓展】7( C )You didnt eat anything just now._？I didnt pass my English test.Im sad now.AWhats matter BWhats the wrong CWhats the matter with you At 9：00 am.yesterday，bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.昨天上
24、午9点，2 6路公交车正沿着中华路行驶，这时司机看到一位老人躺在路边。(教材八下P3)【满分点拨】英语中感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel 等后能接两种形式的宾语补足语，但是会有区别。以see为例：(1)see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事的全过程或发生过了。如：I saw some students smoke in the toilet.我看见有些学生在卫生间里吸烟。(2)see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事。如：I saw some students smoking when I went into the toilet.当我走进卫生间的
25、时候，我看见有些学生正在吸烟。1Did you see a boy _playing_(play) under the tree just now?( C )2.(2018铜仁中考改编)Listen！Who is singing in the next room?It must be Sally.I often hear her _ there.Asinging Bto sing Csing随堂知识巩固一、单项选择。( C )1.(2018天津中考改编)She is too busy to help us finish the work.Lets do it _.Aherself Bmysel
26、f Courselves( C )2.(2019预测)What do you volunteer to do for the Art Festival？【考点】I help to _ posters after school to let more people know it.Aput down Bput out Cput up( A )3.(2018湘西中考)Molly has changed so much！She _ be shy and quiet.【考点】Yeah.But now she _ speaking in front of class.Aused to；is used t
27、o Bis used to；used toCused to；used to( C )4.(2018十堰中考改编)A great person once said，“If you can follow your heart and never _，your dream will come true.”【考点】8I think so.I believe I will enter a good high school this year if I try hard.Agive away Bgive backCgive up( C )5.(2018东营中考改编)Hi，Li Mei.How is you
28、r new school?Fantastic.We can choose the courses according to our_.I love operas，so I took the Beijing Opera class.Agrades Btalents Cinterests ( A )6.(2018苏州中考改编)Im Daisy，not Jessie.【 考点】Sorry，I have difficulty _ peoples names.Aremembering BrememberCto remember( C )7.(贵阳中考)When Bob is upset or tired
29、，he prefers comedies that can _【考点】Alook it up Bclean them up Ccheer him up二、根据语境或句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。(对应P42“词汇攻关”)1(2017安顺中考)He left without_saying_(say) a word.2The_death_(die) of Stephen Hawking made people all over the world sad.3Jimmy often volunteers to fix up _broken_(break) computers for others.4
30、The girl made a difficult_decision_(decide) to leave school t o help her parents.5The boy spent much time_training_(train) his skills of listening.高频话题写作指导志愿者活动话题解读“志愿者活动”属于中学英语课程标准“社会行为”话题，这是以“学生参与社会活动”为主题的书面表达。此类型话题可能涉及到的内容有：看望孤寡老人；社会劳动服务等等一系列的活动。从命题角度上来看：学生可写的内容丰富，可以是某次社会活动的计划，也可以是回顾活动内容撰写的日记，活动倡
31、议书等等。这类型的写作能很好地考查学生对校 园外、学习外的社会行为的认知和看法。通过此类型文章的书写，激发学生参与社会活动的积极性，激发学生热情向上的内在品质。从作文类型上来看：属于记叙文类型的书面表达。可以以日记、倡议书、书信、新闻报道、征文等多种形式呈现。从作文内容上来看：社会活动的内容是丰富的，可以是学雷锋活动，植树活动，帮助孤寡老人，志愿者活动。如2018年贵阳以参加“帮助别人，成长自己”的志愿者活动为背景，写一封自荐信；2018年毕节A作文考查了学生去敬老院做志愿者活动的短文续写。通过叙述或计划这些社会活动，让学生从活动中悟出人生的一些哲理，引发思考和共鸣，从而使主题得以升华。核心词
32、汇和句型1词汇volunteer 志愿者poster 海报develop work ability 培养工作能力work as a guide 当向导9offer a chance 提供一个机会introduce history介绍历史take part in 参加meaningful 有意义的a sense of responsibility 责任感play a role 发挥作用；有影响pass on 传递be responsible for 对负责do some voluntary work 做一些志愿者工作2句型They made meaningful posters to help
33、people know more about Guizhou Culture.他们制作了意义丰富的海报来帮助人们更多地了解贵州文化。It offered us students a good chance to develop abilities as well as open our eyes.它给我们学生提供了一次培养能力，开阔眼界的机会。Holding such an activity is useful and helpful.举行这样的活动是有用的。It is a good chance for us to develop not only a sense of responsibi
34、lity but also our work ability.它不仅是一个培养我们责任感的好机会，也是培养我们工作能力的好机会。Although we were tired，we felt very happy because we did a meaningful thing.尽管很累，我们还是很开心，因为我们做了一件很有意义的事情。Its an honor for me to become a volunteer and work hard for this great event.能成为一名志愿者并为之努力奋斗是我的荣幸。典例剖析(广州中考改编)五四青年节那天，你参加了学校组织的志愿者活
35、动。你的英语老师要求你写一则英文日记，包括以下要点：1.时间：2018年5月4日； 2地点：广东博物馆； 3内容：七年级学生：当导游，带参观者到不同的展馆；八年级学生：表演短剧，介绍广州历史；九年级学生：制作海报，帮助人们了解岭南文化 ；4意义(活动对你个人和社会的意义)。注意：1参考词汇：展馆display room，海报poster；2.词数80左右(日记的开头已经给出，不计入词数)；3不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息。Friday，May 4th，2018 Dear Diary，I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to d
36、o some voluntary work today._【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：1本篇作文为记叙文，格式为日记。内容要点：七年级学生：当导游，带参观者到不同的展馆；八年级学生：表演短剧，介绍广州历史；九年级学生：制作海报，帮助人们了解岭南文化，这几点一定不能漏写；102日记的主体时态为一般过去时，表达观点的时候可以用到一般现在时态。人称可根据表达需要，灵活选用。【写作导图】VoluntaryWorkWhen and whereMay 4th，2018Guangdong MuseumActivitiesstudents of Grade Sevenstudents o
37、f Grade Eightstudents of Grade NineThe significance ofvoluntary workuseful and helpful【参考范文】Friday,_May_4th，2018Dear_Diary，I_went_to_the_Guangdong_Museum_with_my_schoolmates_to_do_some_voluntary_work_today.Now，let me tell you something about the activity.Students from three grades took part in it an
38、d played different roles.Students of Grade Seven worked as guides.They took visitors to different display rooms.Those of Grade Eight put on a short play，introducing the history of Guangzhou.As for students of Grade Nine，they made meaningful posters to help people know Lingnan Culture better.In my op
39、inion，holding such an activity is useful and helpful.On the one hand，it is a good chance for us to develop not only a sense of responsibility but also our work ability.On the other hand，it helps the history and culture of Guangzhou to be known by more and more people.【名师点评】本文的亮点之处有：1.时态使用正确，文章主体用过去时
40、态；2.in my opinion，work as，as for等短语的灵活运用，体现了作者丰富的语言积累和扎实的基本功；3.文章结尾处on the one hand，on the other hand的使用，明确指出了志愿者活动的意义，升华了全文；4.整篇作文层次分明，内容完整。自我测评为配合我市“创建文明城市”的活动，全市需要一些志愿者参加该活动。作为一名贵阳的学生，你也想加入到该项志愿者活动中。请以“What Should I Do to Build a Civilized City”为题，谈谈你能为创建文明城市做些什么。一、写作要点提示1你想成为志愿者；2志愿者行为包括：美化环境、低碳
41、出行等。二、参考词汇交通工具transportation；空气污染air pollution；有魅力的attractive三、写作要求短文应紧扣要点，但不要逐字翻译，可适当发挥，以使短文衔接、连贯，词数控制在80100。_What_Should_I_Do_to_Build_a_Civilized_City_As_is_known_to_all，Guiyang_is_building_a_civilized_city.As_a_student_in_Guiyang，I_think_we_should_do_something_for_it.I_want_to_be_a_volunteer_to_
42、help_clean_up_the_city_parks_and_streets.And_I_can_11_help_to_plant_more_trees.The_more_trees_we_plant，the_greener_our_city_will_be.As_for_transportation，I_will_ride_a_bicycle_instead_of_taking_a_bus.It_will_help_reduce_air_pollution._By_doing_these，I_believe_our_city_will_be_more_beautiful_and_attractive._
