1、1名词性从句A(2017河南豫南九校质量考评)Researchers from the University of Michigan have found that astronauts brains change shape during spaceflight. It is the first study _1_(look) into how the brain changes in space.Researchers looked at hightech MRI(磁共振成像) pictures of the brains of 26 astronauts who spent time i
2、n space. Twelve of the _2_(astronaut) spent two weeks on the space shuttle, and 14 spent six weeks on the International Space Station. All of them _3_(experience) increases and decreases in the size of _4_(differ) parts of the brain. The longer an astronaut spent in space，the _5_(big) the size diffe
3、rences were.The research produced some _6_(interest) findings. One is that no gravity means fluids do not drop in the body, _7_ there is a shift in the brains position inside the skull. The brain becomes either smaller or bigger. The findings could help doctors to treat problems that affect the brai
4、ns function. They could treat people with problems _8_(cause) by longterm bad rest. They could also help those who have a buildup of fluid in the brain, which can lead _9_ brain damage. We will understand more about _10_ neurons(神经元)in the brain connect. The findings will also help future trips to M
5、ars.答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现在太空飞行期间宇航员们的大脑会变形，同时这一发现会对医学有所帮助。1to look 解析：名词被序数词修饰且该名词与后面作定语的非谓语动词为逻辑上的主动关系时，需用不定式形式作定语，故填 to look。2astronauts 解析：句意：这些宇航员中有 12人在航天飞机上度过了两周，有 14人在国际太空站度过了 6周。根据前面的“Twelve of the”可推知设空处填名词复数形式，故填 astronauts。3experienced 解析：根据上句中的 spent可推知设空处需用一般过去时，故填experienced。4differe
6、nt 解析：设空处需用形容词(different)作名词 parts的定语。5bigger 解析：本题考查“the比较级，the比较级”句型，意为“越，越” 。故填 bigger。6interesting 解析：句意：该项研究产生了一些有趣的发现。设空处用形容词作定语，故填 interesting。27so 解析：前后两个分句为因果关系，故填并列连词 so。8caused 解析：本题考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词 problems与 cause为逻辑上的被动关系，故填 caused。9to 解析：句意：它们也可以帮助那些脑积水的病人，脑积水可能会导致大脑损伤。lead to为固定短语，意为“导
7、致” 。10how 解析：句意：我们会更多地了解大脑中的神经元是如何连接的。 “_10_ neurons(神经元)in the brain connect”为宾语从句，作介词 about的宾语。该从句中缺少方式状语，故填 how。B(2018河北邯郸高三质检)Gabi Rizea only discovered his talent for woodcarving three years ago，and has since put _1_ to good use, saving dozens of old tree stumps(树桩) from _2_(remove) by turning
8、them into impressive works of art.Rizea became a woodcarver _3_(complete) by accident. Three years ago, after buying himself a new chainsaw(链锯), he _4_(start)“playing” with it on a block of wood. He tried carving a human face into the wood, and to his surprise, it turned out pretty good. Today, he i
9、s so good at woodcarving that his home city allows him to work his magic on old tree stumps and so far about 40 works of art _5_(create) in the local parks.“In 99% of the cases, the wood just doesnt match my ideas， ” he said in an interview. “I first have to remove all the rotten parts, and sometime
10、s，_6_ is left isnt enough for my designs.”Following his recent rise to fame, Rizea has been asked by many _7_ (city), including the capital of Romania to transform their old tree trunks _8_ works of art. He promised to honor their requests, but he will never repeat any of the aitworks _9_ (find) in
11、his home city.In spite of his obvious talent, the Romanian _10_ (art) recently got into art school in order to fully master woodcarving.答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了拥有做木雕天赋的加比里泽亚的故事。1it 解析：考查代词。句意：加比里泽亚三年前才发现自己有木雕方面的天赋，自此之后，他就把这种天赋充分利用了起来根据语境可知，此处缺少宾语，指代 his talent，所以填 it。put.to good use 意为“好好利用” ，是固定搭配。
12、2being removed 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：(他)通过把老树桩做成令人3印象深刻的艺术品的方式挽救了许多老树桩，使其避免了被清除的命运。介词 from后面应该跟动名词(短语)作宾语；又因为 old tree stumps和 remove之间为被动关系，所以用动名词的被动形式 being removed。3completely 解析：考查词性转换。句意：里泽亚成为木雕艺人纯属偶然。此处作状语修饰介词短语 by accident，应用副词，故填 completely。4started 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：三年前，他给自己买了一把新锯，之后就开始在一块木头上摆弄它。根据句中时间
13、状语 Three years ago可知，此处用一般过去时。故填 started。5have been created 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：现在，他的木雕技艺精湛，因此他的家乡允许他在老树桩上施展他的神奇技艺，迄今为止，当地公园里已经有了大约 40件他创造的木雕作品。根据句中时间状语 so far可知，此处用现在完成时；又因为主语 about 40 works of art和谓语动词 create之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；且主语为复数，故填 have been created。6what 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：“我得先去掉所有腐朽的部分，有时候，剩下的部分都
14、不够用来进行设计” 。主语从句缺少主语，指物，且没有选择范围，所以填what。7cities 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：随着里泽亚最近名声兴起，他被很多城市，包括罗马尼亚首都，邀请把老树桩做成艺术品。city 是可数名词，根据前面的 many可以判断，此处应用其复数形式。故填 cities。8into 解析：考查介词。句意见上一题。transform.into.意为“把转变成” ，是固定搭配。故填 into。9found 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他承诺会答应他们的请求，但是绝对不会重复他的家乡已有的木雕作品。分析句子结构可知，artworks 后的内容作后置定语，修饰artworks，a
15、rtworks 和 find之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用过去分词。故填 found。10artist 解析：考查词形变化。句意：尽管他很有天赋，但是这位罗马尼亚的艺术家为了完全掌握木雕技艺，最近去了艺术学校学习。根据语境可知，此处指里泽亚这个人。故填 artist。C(2018河北唐山一模)An American in Beijing Lives His Chinese DreamGao Tianrui walks along streets in Beijings Xicheng District as _1_ public security volunteer. _2_(wear) hi
16、s bright red armband(红袖章) and speaking fluent Mandarin, Gao Tianrui could _3_(take) for any regular Chinese man. But on _4_ (close) inspection, things are not quite _5_ they seem: 4Gaos real name is Terry Crossman and he is from the United States. He is now a member of “Xicheng Dama”， which are，volu
17、nteers, usually women in late middleage, _6_ walk along the streets of downtown Beijings Xicheng District. Terry said that, at first, he saw the group as busybodies, but _7_(gradual) he saw that it is a good thing for retired seniors _8_ (help) others.He is often seen giving tourists _9_ (direction)
18、, getting water for a baby and even helping a neighbor sell yogurt. “I like helping others， ” he said, “I live in the hutong and my neighbors and I usually help each other. This is where I live, where my friends are and where I call home.” Terry _10_(become) interested in Chinese culture as a teenag
19、er when he read Tao Te Ching by Laozi.答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了居住在北京的美国人特里克罗斯曼在北京做志愿者帮助他人的故事。1a 解析：考查冠词。句意：高天瑞作为一名公共安全志愿者行走在北京西城区的街道。volunteer 是可数名词，名词前应有冠词进行修饰。此处泛指“一名公共安全志愿者” ，故填 a。2Wearing 解析：考查非谓语动词。and 连接两个并列结构，前后形式应保持一致，根据 speaking可知，此处应填 wearing。3be taken 解析：考查动词的语态。句意：高天瑞戴着鲜艳的红袖章、讲着一口流利的普通话
20、，他会被认为是某个普通的中国人。主语与谓语动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词后用动词原形。故填 be taken。4closer 解析：考查形容词比较级。此处暗含与上句进行比较，on closer inspection意为“(经)仔细检查” 。故填 closer。5what 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：但是经过仔细检查，事情并不真的像看起来那样分析句子成分可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少表语，表示“的样子” 。故填 what。6who 解析：考查定语从句。句意：他现在是“西城大妈”的一员， “西城大妈”通常是行走在北京市中心的西城区的街道的中老年妇女志愿者。此处为非限制性定语从句，
21、设空处指代先行词 volunteers，在定语从句中作主语。故填 who。7gradually 解析：考查词性转换。句意：特里说，起初他认为这是些好管闲事的人，但是他逐渐认识到退休的老人去帮助他人是一件好事。此处副词作状语修饰整个句子。故填 gradually。8to help 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。it is. for sb.to do sth.意为“对某人来说做某事是” ，为固定句式，其中 it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的5不定式。故填 to help。9directions 解析：考查名词单复数。句意：人们经常看到他给游客指路，给婴儿送水，甚至帮助一位邻居卖酸奶。dir
22、ection 意为“(行路的)指示” ，常用复数形式。故填directions。10became 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：当特里还是青少年时，他读了老子的道德经 ，对中国文化产生了兴趣。根据 as a teenager可知，此处也应用一般过去时。故填 became。D(2018高考考前适应性考试) For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. All of them have something _1_ common. Th
23、ey spend part of each day alone. They are called latchkey children, who look after _2_ (them) while their parents work.Lynette Smith was once the headmaster of a school. She said, “We had a school rule against _3_ (wear) jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys fastened. I was
24、_4_ (constant) telling them to put them inside their shirts. There were so many keys. It never came to my mind _5_ they meant.” Slowly, she learned they were house keys.She and her husband began talking to the children. Fear is the _6_ (big) problem faced by children at home alone. One in each three
25、 latchkey children were scared. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own _7_ (safe)The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower still, under a bed, _8_ in a closet. The second is TV. Theyll often play it at high volume. _9_ Smiths lear
26、ned its hard to get statistics on latchkey children. Most parents are unwilling _10_ (admit) they leave their children alone.答案：【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现在美国教育面临的新情况，孩子回家以后独自一人在家，父母都上班了，这样的情况对孩子有很大的影响。1in 解析：考查固定词组。have sth. in common 有共同点。故答案为 in。2themselves 解析：考查反身代词。句意：他们被称为“挂钥匙儿童” ，他们在父母工作的时候照顾自己。lo
27、ok after oneself 照顾某人自己，故答案为 themselves。3wearing 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我们学校规定禁止佩戴珠宝。介词against后面用动名词作宾语，故答案为 wearing。4constantly 解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词 tell，故答案为 constantly。65what 解析：考查同位语从句。句意：我从来没有想到他们意味着什么。此处是what引导的同位语从句，用来说明 mind的具体内容。6biggest 解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：恐惧是孩子们独自面对的最大问题。根据语境及空前的 the可知此处用最高级，故答案为 biggest。7safety 解析：考查名词。句意：许多人做恶梦，担心自己的安全。此处 own是形容词，修饰名词，故答案为 safety。8or 解析：考查并列连词。句意：它可能是在淋浴间，在床下，或者在壁橱里。故答案为 or。9The 解析：考查冠词。姓氏的复数前加定冠词 the，表示“某人一家” ，故答案为the(注意开头大写)。10to admit 解析：考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事，故答案为 to admit。
