1、NFPA 1410 Standard on Training for Emergency Scene Operations 2015 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USA An International Codes and Standards Organization 1/14ISBN: 978-145591068-7 (Print)ISBN: 978-145591114-1 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NO
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29、can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2014 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA1410Standard onTraining for Emergency Scene Operations2015 EditionThis edition of NFPA 1410, Standard onTraining forEmergency Scene Operations, was preparedby the Technica
30、l Committee on Fire Service Training. It was issued by the Standards Councilon November 11, 2014, with an effective date of December 1, 2014, and supersedes all previ-ous editions.This edition of NFPA 1410 was approved as an American National Standard on December1, 2014.Origin and Development of NFP
31、A 1410The first edition of this standard on initial fire attack was officially adopted as NFPA 197 atthe 1966 NFPA Annual Meeting. Prepared by the Committee on Fire Service Training, it hadbeen tentatively adopted at the 1964 Annual Meeting. The 1966 edition was revised in 1979.The 1995 edition incl
32、uded the results of comprehensive and extensive field tests that wereperformed to validate the recommended maximum times for fireground evolutions in Ap-pendix A. In deliberations during development of the 1995 edition of this standard, thecommittee did not choose the “best” times recorded in the fi
33、eld tests, but chose times that itfelt were reasonably achieved with an appropriate effort of organization and training.A new Chapter 7, “Required Performance for Truck Company Operations,” was includedin the 2000 edition of the standard.The 2005 edition of this standard featured changes to the prev
34、ious editions numbering ofchapters and paragraphs to reflect requirements in the 2004 edition of the Manual of Style forNFPATechnical Committee Documents.The 2010 edition added Chapter 10, “Required Performance for Rapid InterventionCrews (RIC)”, for consistency with requirements found in NFPA 1710
35、and NFPA 1720.For the 2015 edition, the committee has removed the word initial from the documentsince evolutions can happen after initial arrival. They added a new chapter, “Evolution Prepa-ration” (Chapter 4), to provide a basic overview of fire behavior and how it relates to eachevolution. Also ad
36、ded was a new chapter on incident command (Chapter 6). Ladder companyoperations in Chapter 11 were changed, as others may perform some of those functions.14101NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02
37、169.Technical Committee on Fire Service TrainingKenneth W. Richards, Jr., ChairOld Mystic Fire Department, CT EWesley E. Barbour, CrossBar International LLC, NY SEJohn P. Brown, Nassau County Fire Service Academy,NY UW. Edward Buchanan, Jr., Hanover Fire EMSDepartment, VA UJames Cannell, Columbus Oh
38、io Division of Fire, OH LRep. Columbus Firefighters UnionRick Egelin, Fireblast 451 Incorporated, CA MMike Gagliano, Seattle Fire Department, WA EWilliam E. Glover, High Temperature Linings (HTL),VA MCortez Lawrence, U.S. Department of HomelandSecurity, MD SERoger M. LeBoeuf, Elliott, LeBoeuf aprodu
39、ct of a chemical change caused by heating.3.3.37* Pyrolysis. The breakdown of fuels such as wood andfoam plastics into their basic compound when subjected to heat.3.3.38 Radiation. Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic en-ergy.3.3.39* Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC). A dedicated crew offire fighters
40、 who are assigned for rapid deployment to rescuelost or trapped members. 1710, 20103.3.40 Rescue. Those activities directed at locating endan-gered persons at an emergency incident, removing those per-sons from danger, treating the injured, and providing fortransport to an appropriate health care fa
41、cility. 1500, 20133.3.41 Rescue Vehicle. A special vehicle, also known as a heavyrescue or squad, equipped with tools and equipment to performone or more types of special rescue such as building collapse,confined space, high angle, vehicle extrication, and water rescue.3.3.42 Residual Pressure. The
42、pressure that exists in the dis-tribution system, measured at the residual hydrant at the timethe flow readings are taken at the flow hydrants.3.3.43* Situational Awareness. The ongoing activity of assess-ing what is going on around you during the complex and dy-namic environment of a fire incident.
43、3.3.44 Size-Up. The process of gathering and analyzing in-formation to help fire officers make decisions regarding thedeployment of resources and the implementation of tactics.3.3.45* Smoke. The combination of airborne solid particu-lates, liquid particulates, and gases emitted when a materialunderg
44、oes pyrolysis or combustion.3.3.46 Truck. A common fire service term for aerial fire ap-paratus.3.3.47* Vent, Entry, Isolate, Search (VEIS). The approved tac-tic for entering a structure through an opening (door or win-dow) to search an area for the location of the fire or to locatepossible victims.
45、3.3.48* Ventilation. The controlled and coordinated removalof heat and smoke from a structure, replacing the escapinggases with fresh air.3.3.48.1 Horizontal Ventilation. The opening or removal ofwindows or doors on any floor of a fire building to createflow paths for fire conditions.3.3.48.2 Mechan
46、ical Ventilation. The use of mechanicalfans to accelerate air flow or reverse air flow to assist in themovement of smoke throughout a structure.3.3.48.3 Vertical Ventilation. The vertical venting of struc-tures involving the opening of bulkhead doors, skylights,scuttles, and roof cutting operations
47、to release smoke andheat from inside the fire building.3.3.49 Ventilation-Controlled Fire. A fire in which the heat re-lease rate or growth is controlled by the amount of air avail-able to the fire.3.3.50 VentilationforExtinguishment. The controlled and co-ordinated ventilation tactic that should co
48、incide with the en-gine company extinguishment of the fire.3.3.51 Ventilation for Search. The controlled and coordi-nated ventilation tactic performed to facilitate the movementof a firefighter into an area to conduct a search for victims.3.3.52* Ventilation-Induced Flashover. A flashover initiated
49、bythe introduction of oxygen into a preheated, fuel-rich (smokefilled), oxygen-deficient area.3.3.53 Ventilation-Limited Fire. A fire in which the heat re-lease rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxy-gen within the space.3.3.54 Ventilation Profile. The appearance of the fire build-ings ventilation points showing the flow paths of heat andsmoke out of the structure as well as any air movement into thestructure.3.3.55 Ventilation Tactics. The coordinated and controlledopening of ventilation points in a structure to facilitate fireoperations
