1、NFPA400See ALERTHazardous Materials Code2016ISBN: 978-145591175-2 (Print) ISBN: 978-145591212-4 (PDF)IMPORTANT NOTICES AND DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING NFPASTANDARDS NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY CONCERNING THE USE OF NFPA STANDARDSNFPAcodes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standa
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10、 Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.orgFor more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org. All NFPA codes and standards can be viewed at no cost at www.nfpa.org/freeaccess.Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Associatio
11、n. All Rights Reserved.NFPA400Hazardous Materials Code2016 EditionThis edition of NFPA 400, Hazardous Materials Code, was prepared by the Technical Com-mittee on Hazardous Chemicals. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 26, 2015, withan effective date of June 15, 2015, and supersedes all pr
12、evious editions.This document has been amended by one or more Tentative Interim Amendments (TIAs)and/or Errata. See “Codes (2) Class IIILiquid any liquid that has a flash point at or above 140F(60C); (a) Class IIIA Liquid any liquid that has a flashpoint at or above 140F (60C), but below 200F (93C);
13、 and(b) Class IIIB Liquid any liquid that has a flash point at orabove 200F (93C). 30, 20153.3.18* Compressed Gas System. An assembly of equipmentdesigned to contain, distribute, or transport compressedgases. 318, 20153.3.19 Container. A containment device including, but not lim-ited to, cylinders,
14、tanks, intermediate bulk containers, pressurevessels, drums, carboys, cans, bottles, boxes, bags, bins, and por-table tanks that vary in shape, size, and material of constructionand are used for holding, storing, and transporting hazardousmaterials covered by this code.3.3.19.1* Container Flammable
15、and Combustible Liquid.Any vessel of 119 gal (450 L) or less capacity used for trans-porting or storing liquids. 30, 20153.3.19.2 Closed Container Flammable and Combustible Liq-uid. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means ofa lid or other device that neither liquid nor vapor will es-cape f
16、rom it at ordinary temperatures. 30, 20153.3.19.3 ASME Container. A container constructed in ac-cordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.3.3.19.4 Combustible Containers. Containers that includepaper bags, fiber drums, plastic containers, and wooden orfiber boxes or barrels, as well as
17、noncombustible containershaving removable combustible liners or packing, and non-combustible containers having combustible overpacks.3.3.19.5 Noncombustible Containers. Containers con-structed of glass or metal that can be coated with a poly-meric material no more than132 in. (2 mils) in thickness.3
18、.3.19.6* Nonmetallic Container Solid, Flammable and Com-bustible Liquid. A container as defined in 3.3.19 con-structed of glass, plastic, fiber, or a material other thanmetal. 30, 20153.3.19.7 Overpack Container. A closed container intended toencapsulate and contain a leaking or damaged liquid or so
19、lidmaterial container thereby preventing the release of liquids,solids, or vapors and is made of the same material or similarlyprotective material as the leaking or damaged container.40011DEFINITIONS2016 Edition3.3.19.8 Cylinder Containment Vessel Gas. See 3.3.25.3.3.19.9 Storage Tank Flammable and
20、Combustible Liquid.Any vessel having a liquid capacity that exceeds 60 gal (230 L), isintended for fixed installation, and is not used for processing.30, 20153.3.19.9.1* Stationary Tank Gas. A packaging designedprimarily for stationary installations not intended for load-ing, unloading, or attachmen
21、t to a transport vehicle as partof its normal operation in the process of use. 55, 20163.3.19.10 Aboveground Tank Flammable and CombustibleLiquid. A storage tank that is installed above grade, atgrade, or below grade without backfill. 30, 20153.3.19.10.1* Atmospheric Tank Flammable and CombustibleLi
22、quid. A storage tank that has been designed to operateat pressures from atmospheric through a gauge pressure of1.0 psi (6.9 kPa) (i.e., 760 mm Hg through 812 mm Hg)measured at the top of the tank. 30, 20153.3.19.10.2 Secondary Containment Tank Flammable andCombustible Liquid. A tank that has an inne
23、r and outerwall with an interstitial space (annulus) between the wallsand which has a means of monitoring the interstitial spacefor a leak. 30, 20153.3.19.11* Portable Tank Flammable and Combustible Liq-uid. Any vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 gals(230 L) intended for storing liquids and not
24、 intended forfixed installation. 30, 20153.3.19.11.1* Portable Tank Gas. Any packaging over 60U.S. gal (227.1 L) capacity designed primarily to be loadedinto or on, or temporarily attached to, a transport vehicleor ship and equipped with skids, mountings, or accessoriesto facilitate handling of the
25、tank by mechanical means. 55,20163.3.19.11.2* Nonmetallic Portable Tank Flammable and Com-bustible Liquid. A portable tank as herein defined con-structed of plastic, fiber, or a material other than metal.30, 20153.3.19.12* Pressure Vessel. A container, process vessel, orother component designed in a
26、ccordance with the ASMEBoiler and Pressure Vessel Code, DOT, or other approved stan-dards.3.3.19.13 Cylinder Gas. See 3.3.23.3.3.19.13.1 Cylinder Pack Gas See 3.3.26.3.3.19.14 Compressed Gas Container (Gas). A pressure ves-sel designed to hold compressed gas at an absolute pres-sure greater than 1 a
27、tmosphere at 68F (20C) that in-cludes cylinders, containers, and tanks 55, 20163.3.19.14.1* Tube Trailer Gas. See 3.3.85.3.3.19.15* ISO Module. A single unit or unit assembly ofcontainers, IBCs, portable tanks, or cylinders permanentlymounted in a frame conforming to International Organiza-tion for
28、Standardization (ISO) requirements.3.3.19.16* Safety Can Liquid. A listed container of notmore than 5.3 gal (20 L) capacity having a screen orstrainer in each fill and pour opening and having a springclosing lid and spout cover designed to safely relieve inter-nal pressure when exposed to fire. 30,
29、20153.3.19.17 Aerosol Container Liquid. A metal can or plasticcontainer up to a maximum size of 33.8 fl oz (1000 ml) or aglass, stone, or metal bottle up to a maximum size of 4 fl oz(118 ml) that is designed and intended to dispense an aero-sol. 30B, 20153.3.20 Continuous Gas Detection System Gas. A
30、 gas detec-tion system in which the instrument is maintained in continu-ous operation and the interval between sampling of any pointdoes not exceed 30 minutes. 55, 20163.3.21 Court. An open, uncovered, unoccupied space, unob-structed to the sky, bounded on three or more sides by exte-rior building w
31、alls. 101, 20153.3.21.1 Enclosed Court. A court bounded on all sides bythe exterior walls of a building or by the exterior walls andlot lines on which walls are permitted. 5000, 20153.3.22 Cryogenic Fluid Gas. A fluid with a boiling pointlower than 130F (90C) at an absolute pressure of 14.7 psi(101.
32、325 kPa). 55, 20163.3.22.1 Flammable Cryogenic Fluid. A cryogenic fluid thatforms flammable mixture in air when in its vapor state. 55,20163.3.22.2 Inert Cryogenic Fluid. A cryogenic fluid that vapor-izes to produce an inert gas when in its vapor state. 55,20163.3.22.3 Oxidizing Cryogenic Fluid. An
33、oxidizing gas in thecryogenic state. 55, 20163.3.23* Cylinder Gas. A pressure vessel designed for pres-sures higher than absolute pressure of 40 psi (276 kPa) andhaving a circular cross-section.3.3.24 Cylinder Containment System Gas. A gastight recov-ery system comprising equipment or devices that c
34、an beplaced over a leak in a compressed gas container, thereby stop-ping or controlling the escape of gas from the leaking con-tainer. 55, 20163.3.25 CylinderContainmentVesselGas. A gastight recoveryvessel designed so that a leaking compressed gas container canbe placed within its confines, thereby
35、encapsulating the leak-ing container. 55, 20163.3.26* Cylinder Pack Gas. An arrangement of cylindersinto a cluster where the cylinders are confined into a groupingor arrangement with a strapping or frame system and connec-tions are made to a common manifold. The frame system isallowed to be on skids
36、 or wheels to permit movement. 55,20163.3.27 Deflagration. Propagation of a reaction zone at a ve-locity that is less than the speed of sound in the unreactedmedium. 68, 20133.3.28 Detached Building. A separate building that is sepa-rated from other structures or uses as required by NFPA 5000for a f
37、reestanding structure. 5000, 20153.3.29 Detonation. Propagation of a combustion zone at avelocity greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted me-dium. 68, 20133.3.30 Distributor Gas. A business engaged in the sale orresale, or both, of compressed gases or cryogenic fluids, orboth. 55, 20163.3.3
38、1 DOT. U.S. Department of Transportation. 52, 201340012 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CODE2016 Edition3.3.32 Emergency Response. Emergency response or re-sponding to emergencies means a response effort by employ-ees from outside the immediate release area or by other desig-nated responders including, but not
39、limited to, private sectoremergency responders, mutual aid groups, local fire depart-ments, or other qualified parties to an occurrence that results,or is likely to result, in an uncontrolled release of a hazardousmaterial.3.3.33 Emergency Response Liaison. A person designated toact as a liaison for
40、 emergency response as defined by the emer-gency plan.3.3.34 Emergency Shutoff Valve Gas. A designated valve de-signed to shut off the flow of gases or liquids. 55, 20163.3.34.1 Automatic Emergency Shutoff Valve Gas. A desig-nated fail-safe automatic closing valve designed to shut offthe flow of gas
41、es or liquids that is initiated by a controlsystem where the control system is activated by eithermanual or automatic means. 55, 20163.3.34.2 Manual Emergency Shutoff Valve Gas. A desig-nated valve designed to shut off the flow of gases or liquidsthat is manually operated. 55, 20163.3.35 Excess Flow
42、 Control Gas. A fail-safe system or ap-proved means designed to shut off flow due to a rupture inpressurized piping systems. 55, 20163.3.36* Exhausted Enclosure Gas. An appliance or piece ofequipment that consists of a top, a back, and two sides thatprovides a means of local exhaust for capturing ga
43、ses, fumes,vapors, and mists. 55, 20163.3.37* Explosion Control Gas. A means of either prevent-ing an explosion through the use of explosion suppression,fuel reduction, or oxidant reduction systems or a means toprevent the structural collapse of a building in the event of anexplosion through the use
44、 of deflagration venting, barricades,or related construction methods. 55, 20163.3.38 Explosion Vent. An opening in an enclosure to relievethe developing pressure from a deflagration. 68, 20133.3.39* Explosive. Any chemical compound, mixture, or de-vice, the primary or common purpose of which is to f
45、unctionby explosion. 495, 20133.3.40* Explosive Decomposition. Rapid chemical reactionresulting in a large, almost instantaneous, release of energy.3.3.41* Explosive Reaction. A reaction, which includes bothdeflagration and detonation, producing a sudden rise in pres-sure with potentially destructiv
46、e results.3.3.42 Fire Prevention Code. The fire prevention codeadopted by the jurisdiction.3.3.43 Fire Protection System. Any fire alarm device or systemor fire extinguishing device or system, or a combination thereof,that is designed and installed for detecting, controlling, or extin-guishing a fir
47、e or otherwise alerting occupants, or the fire depart-ment, or both, that a fire has occurred. 1, 20153.3.44* Flammable Liquid (Class I). Any liquid having aclosed-cup flash point below 100F (37.8C).3.3.45* Flammable Solid. A solid substance, other than a sub-stance defined as a blasting agent or ex
48、plosive, that is liable tocause fire resulting from friction or retained heat from manufac-ture, that has an ignition temperature below 212F (100C), orthat burns so vigorously or persistently when ignited that it cre-ates a serious hazard.3.3.46 Gallon Gas. A standard U.S. gallon. 55, 20163.3.47 Gas
49、.3.3.47.1* Compressed Gas Gas. A material, or mixture ofmaterials, that (1) is a gas at 68F (20C) or less at an abso-lute pressure of 14.7 psi (101.325 kPa) and (2) that has aboiling point of 68F (20C) or less at an absolute pressureof 14.7 psi (101.325 kPa) and that is liquefied, nonlique-fied, or in solution, except those gases that have no otherhealth or physical hazard properties are not considered tobe comp
