1、NFPA472 Standard forCompetence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents 2013 Edition NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471 An International Codes and Standards Organization Become a MemberSubscribeto theRegister forSeminars, Webinars, and Online CoursesVi
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25、ite at www.nfpa.org. 12/11Copyright 2012 National Fire ProtectionAssociation.All Rights Reserved.NFPA472Standard forCompetence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents2013 EditionThis edition of NFPA 472, Standard for Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials/
26、Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents, was prepared by theTechnical Committee on HazardousMaterials Response Personnel. It was issued by the Standards Council on May 29, 2012, withan effective date of June 18, 2012, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 472 was approved as an Ame
27、rican National Standard on June 18,2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 472At the July 1985 NFPAStandards Council meeting, approval was given to the concept of anew project on Hazardous Materials Response Personnel. The Council directed that a pro-posed scope and start-up roster for the new Committee
28、 be prepared, taking into account theneed to expand the Committee membership beyond the fire service and the people beyond“professional qualifications.”When establishment of the Committee was formally announced, many requests for mem-bership were received, and similar requests continued to arrive du
29、ring the first year of itsexistence. The first meeting of the Committee took place in October 1986.Interest in the subject of hazardous materials, especially as it relates to the emergencyresponder, continued at a high level. Some of the interest was due to an increased awarenessof the wide prolifer
30、ation of hazardous materials, while much of the interest could be creditedto federal regulations that have an impact on all responders.In 1990, the Committee began reviewing the document for the purpose of revising it. TheCommittee established a task group that conducted a task analysis relating to
31、hazardousmaterials response. Based on the task groups recommendations, the Committee revised theoriginal document. The 1992 edition changed the original format and presented the compe-tencies in a more complete manner. During the same time period, the Committee developeda related document, NFPA 473,
32、 Standard for Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Haz-ardous Materials Incidents, which was also released as a 1992 edition.Since 1992, several task groups created two new levels, the Hazardous Materials BranchOfficer and the Safety Officer, which were incorporated into the 1997 edition. Th
33、ree newspecialty levels, for tank cars, cargo tanks, and intermodal tanks, were added to the standard.The Committee found it necessary to make changes to clarify existing requirements, espe-cially for the Technician level.In 1998, the committee processed a Tentative InterimAmendment (TIA) to address
34、 con-cernsrelatedtotheuniquechallengesofrespondingtohazardousmaterialsincidentscausedby criminal or terrorist activity. These concerns were motivated by incidents such as thebombing of theAlfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City and other national andinternational incidents.The TIAadded pa
35、ragraphs on recognizing criminal and terrorist activities, actions to takewhen criminal or terrorist activity is suspected, differentiating between chemical and biologi-cal agents, identification of body substance isolation and decontamination procedures whenfaced with an incident involving biologic
36、al warfare, and other similar competencies.Inthe2002edition,theTIAmaterialwasupdatedandmovedintothebodyofthetextwithmodifications and additions, along with updates to coordinate with a similar TIA and othernew material in NFPA 473. The events of September 11, 2001, which occurred after theCommittee
37、had completed its development work on the 2002 edition, demonstrated thenecessity of increasing awareness and preparation for terrorist incidents involving hazardousmaterials of all kinds.4721NFPAand National Fire ProtectionAssociation are registered trademarks of the National Fire ProtectionAssocia
38、tion, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.In addition to new coverage of weapons of mass destruction, the 2002 edition contained material on responding totransportation or other incidents involving radioactive materials. This content began as a suggestion from the U.S.Department of Energy (DOE).Atask group
39、with DOE representation worked on a draft for Committee consideration.One addition includedAnnex D, “Competencies for the Technician with a Radioactive Material Specialty.”The Committee dedicated the 2002 edition of the standard to the fallen heroes of the September 11th terroristattack. Many lives
40、were saved because of their efforts. These individuals gave the ultimate sacrifice in the line of dutyand stand alone in their bravery and dedication to their jobs and their country. Our thoughts and prayers remain withtheir families, friends, and co-workers. Let us never forget these brave individu
41、als and other emergency responderswho have died in the line of duty.The Committee also honored Committee member John J. Fanning, FDNY, who diedin the line of duty on September 11.As work began on the 2008 edition of the standard, the growing threat of terrorism using weapons of mass destruc-tion and
42、 the use of hazardous materials as both a weapon and in criminal activities had significantly changed thetraditional philosophies of hazardous materials emergency response. In addition, the development of various tacticalandoperationalprocedurestomeettheanticipateddemandscreatedbytheseresponsescenar
43、iosblurredtheclassicaldistinctionbetweenoffensiveanddefensiveresponseoperationsthathavebeenthecornerstoneofbothNFPA472and29 CFR 1910.120(q) since their inception.In preparing the 2008 edition, the Committee worked with a number of organizations, including the ASTM E 54Committee on Homeland Security
44、Applications Emergency Preparedness, Training, and Procedures; the Inter-agency Board for Equipment Standardization and Interoperability (IAB); the FBI; U.S. Capitol Police; the NationalAssociation of Bomb Squad Commanders; and the National SheriffsAssociation.Asaresultofdiscussionsamongthoseorganiz
45、ations,theCommitteeestablishedaWorkingGroupwhosetaskwastoconduct a review of the 2002 edition to determine how the standard could better meet the “traditional” hazardousmaterials response issues and the emerging issues created by terrorism and criminal use of hazardous materialsscenarios;evaluateopp
46、ortunitiesformakingNFPA472moreresponsivetotheneedsandresponseconcernsofnonfireservice disciplines; and recommend a path forward.As a result of this process, the 2008 edition was based on the following operational philosophies:(1) Emergency response operations to a terrorism or criminal scenario usin
47、g hazardous materials are based on thebasic concepts of hazardous materials response. In simple terms, responders cannot safely and effectively respondto a terrorism or criminal scenario involving hazardous materials/weapons of mass destruction (WMD) if they donot first understand hazardous material
48、s response.(2) The scope of the standard applies to all emergency responders, regardless of response discipline, who couldrespond to the emergency phase of a hazardous materials/WMD incident.(3) Emergency responders, regardless of their discipline and organizational affiliation, should be trained to
49、 performtheir expected tasks. Given the real-world demands of limited time and resources, training should focus on anindividuals expected duties and tasks.(4) Personnel not directly involved in providing on-scene emergency response services (e.g., hospital first-receivers)are not covered under the scope of this standard.(5) Competencies for emergency medical services personnel remain in NFPA 473, Standard for Competence of EMSResponders Responding to Hazardous Materials/Weapons of Mass Destruction Incidents.Key changes
