1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS8048AEROSPACESTANDARDAS8048Issued 2008-09 Reaffirmed 2013-07 Performance Standar
5、d for Passenger Smoke and Toxic Fumes Respiratory Protective Equipment RATIONALE AS8048 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) defines the performance requirements for equipment to be used by untrained cabin occupants for protect
6、ion from toxic and irritant atmospheres while on board and during evacuation of an aircraft. 1.1 Purpose This standard establishes the minimum requirements for the design, construction and performance of respiratory protective equipment for passengers in civil commercial aircraft. 1.2 Classification
7、 This equipment is required to protect and to be suitable for use by passenger/cabin occupants during the following scenarios: Class 1: Emergency ground evacuation of an aircraft during smoke/toxic fume conditions. The required protection shall be provided for a minimum of 3 minutes. Class 2: In-fli
8、ght smoke/toxic fume conditions at normal cabin pressure up to 10,000-ft equivalent cabin altitudes. The required protection shall be provided for a minimum of 17 minutes. Class 3: In-flight smoke/toxic fume conditions as per Class 2 followed by an emergency ground evacuation of the aircraft as per
9、Class 1. The required protection shall be provided for a minimum of 20 minutes. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications
10、shall be the issue in effect on the issue or revision date of this document. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a spec
11、ific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP1109 Dynamic Testing Systems for Oxygen Breathing Equipment ARP4259 M
12、etabolic Simulator Testing for Aviation Breathing Equipment AS8010 Aviators Breathing Oxygen Purity Standard AS8031 Personal Protective Devices for Toxic and Irritating Atmospheres AS8047 Performance Standard for Cabin Crew Portable Protective Breathing Equipment for Use During Aircraft Emergencies
13、2.1.2 FAR and FAA Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov. FAR PART 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes TSO-C116 Crew Protective Equipment 2.1.3 RTCA Publications Available fro
14、m RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street, NW, Suite 805, Washington, DC 20036, Tel: 202-833-9339, www.rtca.org. RTCA/DO-160 Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment 2.2 Definitions ATPD: Ambient Temperature and Pressure Dry NTPD: Normal Temperature and Pressure Dry (21 C and 760 mm Hg)
15、 STPD: Standard Temperature and Pressure Dry (0 C and 760 mm Hg) BTPS: Body Temperature and Pressure Saturation (37 C and 760 mm Hg) POINT OF MINIMUM FLOW: Specific time during the course of the device test at which gas flow is lowest. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS8048 Page 2 of 7_ UNACCEPTABLE HAZARD: Proba
16、bility of death or serious injury due to the equipment being used or installed should not be greater than a probability of more than 10-8. USEFUL LIFE: Combination of storage life and installed service life. WET BULB TEMPERATURE: Temperature measured by a thermometer the bulb of which is covered by
17、a water-saturated wick. WORKLOAD: Reference to external work rates, defined as watts. 3. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Technical Requirements This section defines the technical requirements for the equipment in order to ensure reliability, safety, and serviceability. 3.1.1 The equipment shall not cause
18、an unacceptable hazard to the user or the aircraft during stowage or use and shall satisfy the applicable sections of the reference documents (see 2.1). Failure modes and effects analysis of the equipment shall be conducted in order to demonstrate that the equipment will function under conditions st
19、ated herein. 3.1.2 The equipment shall be supplied with a means to determine serviceability while in its stowed condition. 3.1.3 If a filter system is used for the equipment, the inspired gas shall meet the applicable performance requirements of this document. For non-filtered systems, the inspired
20、gas shall be aviators breathing oxygen per AS8010. 3.1.4 The equipment shall have a 98% minimum reliability factor at 90% confidence level during its useful life. The minimum useful life of the equipment shall be specified. 3.1.5 The equipment shall be capable of being donned by the user after minim
21、al training that could be provided in a typical preflight briefing. The manufacturer must supply the customer with recommended training procedures. Donning shall take no more than 20 seconds after access is gained to the stowed equipment. It must be possible to don the equipment on children or incap
22、acitated people by another individual with a minimum of effort. Failure or malfunction of the equipment must be apparent to the user such that appropriate and timely action can be taken. The equipment must be capable of being doffed within 3 seconds and the doffing procedure must not require trainin
23、g. 3.1.6 The equipment shall be targeted to afford protection to the required class for the 5% female (neck size circumference 11.1 inches) to 95% (neck size circumference 16.4 inches) male adult population and satisfy metabolic requirements demanding up to 25 liters of oxygen. Additional fitting ad
24、justment may be permitted and external assistance afforded for children. 3.1.7 The equipment shall have a means to prevent over pressure of the breathing circuit and rupture protection of any pressurized container. 3.2 Performance Requirements The equipment shall protect the respiratory system of th
25、e user from exposure to smoke, heat, particles, and toxic or irritating gases and fumes. 3.2.1 The average CO2partial pressure at mouth/nose shall not exceed 4 kPa (30.0 mm Hg) time weighted average over the specified protection period. The average CO2partial pressure at mouth/nose shall not exceed
26、5 kPa (37.5 mm Hg) time weighted average over any 2 minute period. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS8048 Page 3 of 7_ 3.2.2 The mean inspired contamination within the device shall not exceed 5% of the level in ambient atmosphere. 3.2.3 The equipment shall provide the required protection for the work profile list
27、ed below: Class 1: 1 minute at 160 Watts 2 minutes at 70 Watts The order of work level accomplishment may be reversed. Class 2: 17 minutes at 50 Watts Class 3: The Class 1 profile can occur at any time in the 20-minute period. The remaining portion of the period is at Class 2 work profile. 3.2.4 The
28、 internal temperature of the unit shall not exceed 42 C wet bulb at an ambient temperature of 21 C. 3.2.5 Unit must function satisfactorily in a 100 C environment, where the internal temperatures shall not exceed 50 C wet bulb for a 2-minute exposure. 3.2.6 The equipment shall perform satisfactorily
29、 when donned at any time in the breathing cycle. 3.2.7 Inhalation resistance of the unit shall not exceed 1.33 kPa (10.0 mm Hg) at 100 liters NTPD per minute. 3.2.8 The equipment shall be capable of supporting an instantaneous flow of 3.3 L/s BTPS. Within 20 seconds of donning the equipment the inha
30、lation atmosphere shall meet the required performance level defined in 3.2.1. 3.2.9 The equipment shall be capable of handling a total minute volume of 80 liters per minute at BTPS conditions for any 60-second period during its required operational cycle at an average tidal volume of 3 liters. 3.2.1
31、0 The equipment must satisfactorily operate up to 10,000-ft cabin altitude. It must present no additional hazard when subjected to rapid decompression from 10,000 to 40,000-ft altitude within 5 seconds with subsequent recompression within 2 minutes. The equipment need not provide hypoxia protection.
32、 3.2.11 The equipment shall be worn leaving both hands free. It shall remain in place and not materially impede vision or movements during activities such as crawling, kneeling, or running when worn under evacuation conditions. 3.2.12 The equipment shall afford the level of protection specified in 3
33、.2.2 when exposed to the challenge environment in Table 1. The integrity of the equipments material and construction shall not be adversely affected by an exposure of 20 minutes to the challenge atmosphere. During operation in Class 1 or the evacuation portion of Class 3, the equipment would be expo
34、sed to these concentrations for the entire 3-minute duration. During the in-flight portion of Class 2 and Class 3, it is likely that conditions in the passenger compartment will be somewhat less severe than those listed in Table 1. It is assumed that the gases found in the challenge atmosphere would
35、 be the same but that the average concentrations of both the gases and particulate would increase linearly from 0 to 50% of those specified during the 17-minute in-flight period. In the case of a filter-based device, compliance of the filter with 3.2.2 is demonstrated by subjecting the filter elemen
36、t to the challenge gases in a laboratory environment, without use of human subjects. Compliance of other portions of a filter-based device and all portions of a device that does not utilize a filter is demonstrated by testing in accordance with AS8031. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS8048 Page 4 of 7_ TABLE 1 -
37、 CHALLENGE GAS CONCENTRATIONS2Specific Gas Challenger Concentrations Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total Hydrocarbon (as Hexane) Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) 1Oxides of Nitrogen (NxOx) 1Acrolein 1Ammonia (NH3) 1Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) 1Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 1Hydrogen Chloride (HCI) 1Hydrogen Flu
38、oride (HF) 1Particulate (0.5 to 10 micron) Oxygen Water Vapor 35,000 ppm (3.5%) 10,000 ppm (1%) 5,000 ppm 400 ppm 200 ppm 50 ppm 1,000 ppm 1,000 ppm 100 ppm 1,000 ppm 1,000 ppm 3.5 mg/l 17 to 21% 10 to 95% 1Irritant substances that could affect vision. 2The values in this table are representative of
39、 those collected from burn tests of materials similar to those found in aircraft. 3.3 Construction and Material Requirements This section defines the general requirements of construction and the materials used in order to ensure that the equipment will satisfy the environmental requirements. The eye
40、s and surrounding areas shall be afforded basic protection from debris, particles, irritant gases, and smoke. 3.3.1 The equipment and its case or stowage means shall be constructed of materials that are flame retardant and satisfy the requirements of FAR 25.853. 3.3.2 The exposed portions of the equ
41、ipment shall withstand a radiant heat flux level of (1.14 watts/cm2) for 60 seconds, dripping plastic at 200 C, and a 900 C flame for 3 seconds without penetration of the equipment. 3.3.3 The material/fabrication of the device shall be puncture and tear resistant as defined by current materials stan
42、dards. 3.3.4 The equipment shall not prevent the wearer from passing through an opening 381 mm width by 508 mm in height. 3.3.5 The equipment shall not require manual means of adjustment, unless it can be demonstrated that the use of such means is intuitively apparent during the act of donning or as
43、 instructed during the preflight briefing. 3.3.6 The optical portion when present shall permit the following minimum binocular field of view: Horizontal meridian: 120 degrees (60 degrees on each side of the centerline). Vertical meridian: 60 degrees (40 degrees above and 20 degrees below the centerl
44、ine). 3.3.7 The quality of any optics associated with the device shall be such that the standard single exit locator sign can be read at a distance of 6 meters under emergency lighting conditions. 3.3.8 The materials shall be shown to be compatible with the oxygen concentration of the supply gas. SA
45、E INTERNATIONAL AS8048 Page 5 of 7_ 3.3.9 Materials that may come in contact with the skin of the user shall be selected to be non-irritating and non-allergenic. 3.3.10 The equipment or its container, if applicable, shall be clearly marked with identification, date of manufacture, and classification
46、. 3.3.11 The stowed/stored equipment shall not be adversely affected by environmental extremes as specified by relevant sections of RTCA/DO-160, as described subsequently in 4.4. 3.3.12 The unit shall be constructed so that it can be worn with spectacles that are a maximum 150 mm in width and 60 mm
47、in height. The wearing of spectacles shall not prevent the donning and doffing of the equipment. 3.4 Design Objectives Specific design characteristics including weight, installation, and details of construction (i.e., shape, size, etc.) are the responsibility of the designer of the equipment. 3.4.1
48、The equipment should be as free as possible of any features that could become entangled with cabin interiors, escape systems, and cabin occupants. 4. TESTING PROCEDURES AND INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS The equipment requirements detailed in the previous sections shall be demonstrated as being satisfied. In addition, the following specified tests shal
