1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1971 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardJ243ISSUEDOCT71Issued 1971-10METHODS OF TESTS FOR AUTOMOTIVE-TYPE SEALERS, ADHESIVES, AND DEADENERSForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards Boardformat.1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice contains a series of test methods for use in measu
5、ringcharacteristics of automotive-type sealers, adhesives, and deadeners. The test methods which are containedin this document are as follows:ADS-1Methods of Determining ViscosityADS-2Low Temperature TestsADS-3Weld-Through TestsADS-4Enamel, Lacquer, and Fabric Staining TestADS-5Wash-Off Resistance T
6、estADS-7Solids TestADS-8Flash Point TestADS-9Sag and Bridging TestsADS-10Flow TestThe intent of this document is to provide a series of test methods which can be used in testing the variousqualities of sealers, adhesives, and deadener material. In later revisions of this document, attempts will bema
7、de to reduce the number of tests now presented. The specific temperatures and times at which some ofthese tests are to be conducted are not dictated in these test procedures, but they will be found in the materialstandards which govern each type of material to be tested.2. References2.1 Applicable P
8、ublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein.2.1.1 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM D 5Test for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsASTM D 93Standard Method of Test for Flash Poi
9、nt by Pensky-Martins Closed TesterASTM D 217Test for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseASTM D 553Standard Method of Test for Viscosity and Total Solids Content of Rubber CementsASTM D 1310Standard Method of Test for Flash Point of Volatile Flammable Materials by Tag Open CupApparatusSAE J243 Iss
10、ued OCT71-2-ASTM D 1582Standard Method of Test of Non-Volatile Content of Phenol, Resorcinol and MelamineAdhesives3. ADS-1Methods of Determining Viscosity3.1 Methods of Conditioning Test Materials Prior to Checking Viscosity3.1.1 FOR VISCOSITY UNAGITATED3.1.1.1 Conditioning Method ACheck the submitt
11、ed sample as received. Test in the original container or transferto the test vessel with minimum handling.3.1.2 FOR VISCOSITY AGITATED3.1.2.1 Conditioning Method AMaterial shall be subject to the specified number of cycles in a standardmechanical greaseworker as outlined in ASTM D 217, Test for Cone
12、 Penetration of Lubricating Grease.3.1.2.2 Conditioning Method BPass the sample once through the sealer cup using specified pressure andorifice.3.1.2.3 Conditioning Method CStir a pint sample to 50 stirs with a 1 x 6 in steel-bladed spatula.3.1.3 FOR VISCOSITY AGEDConditioning (agitated or unagitate
13、d as specified):a. Condition the sample in a sealed 1/2 pt can for 72 h in an oven at specified temperature.b. Remove from the oven, condition the sample to 77 2 F, and determine viscosity.3.2 Viscosity Tests3.2.1 VISCOSITY, PRESSURE FLOW METHOD3.2.1.1 ApplicationThis procedure is used to determine
14、the viscosity of adhesives, sealers, and deadeners. Thetime required for a specified weight of the material to pass through a specified orifice under a givenpressure indicates the viscosity of the material.3.2.1.2 Equipment Required3.2.1.2.1 Castor-Severs Rheometer or Pressure FlowmeterThe pressure
15、flowmeter required for this test isdetailed in Figure 1. The flowmeter is not available commercially but must be fabricated. For example:3.2.1.2.2 Ring stand and clamps for supporting pressure flowmeter.3.2.1.2.3 Pressure gage, 100 lb maximum air gage, calibrated in 2 lb increments.3.2.1.2.4 Pressur
16、e relief valveThis is an air cock which opens or closes at a single turn.3.2.1.2.5 Shutoff valveSame type as pressure relief valve.Sealer Cup OrificesABCDEFGHDiameter of Orifice, in 0.052 0.063 0.073 0.104 0.104 0.125 0.200 0.250Lengths of Orifice, in 0.531 2.00 0.531 0.531 0.750 2.00 0.750 2.00SAE
17、J243 Issued OCT71-3-FIGURE 1CASTOR-SEVERS RHEOMETER OR PRESSURE FLOWMETER (OR KEIL RHEOMETER)3.2.1.2.6 Pressure regulator and extractorThis unit may be of any suitable type which will remove oil and waterfrom the air and which will control the pressure of the air delivered to the pressure flowmeter.
18、 Theregulator and extractor unit is assembled between the shutoff valve and an adequate air source.3.2.1.2.7 Pipe cleaners suitable for cleaning orifice of flowmeter.3.2.1.2.8 Stopwatch or other timing device calibrated in seconds.3.2.1.2.9 Balance, double beam type or equivalent, sensitivity to 0.0
19、1 g.3.2.1.2.10 Connections 0.25 in pipe and fittings with standard pipe threads as are necessary for assemblingequipment, as shown in Figure 1.3.2.1.2.11 Mechanical convection oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 2F.3.2.1.3 Procedure3.2.1.3.1 Fill the clean and dry sealer cup equipped with s
20、pecified orifice with the test material, allowing room forthe plunger disc, and assemble the apparatus. Care should be taken to avoid air entrapment.NOTETest material and equipment shall be maintained at a temperature of 77 2 F during the test.3.2.1.3.2 Adjust the air line pressure to the flowmeter
21、as designated by the material standard and bleed until freeof air. This should be done while the test material is passing through the pressure flowmeter or SeversRheometer.3.2.1.3.3 Close air line valve, place a paper on the balance pan under the flowmeter and bring balance toequilibrium. Add specif
22、ied weight.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-4-3.2.1.3.4 Open the air line valve and start the timer when the material touches the paper on the weighing pan.3.2.1.3.5 When the specified weight of the sealer has accumulated on the balance pan, stop the timer, close theair line valve, and open the pressure relief
23、 valve.3.2.1.3.6 Report the viscosity of the material as the number of seconds required for a specified amount of thematerial to pass through the orifice at the specified pressure. (Note: Take the average of three readings.)3.2.2 BROOKFIELD METHOD3.2.2.1 ApplicationThis procedure is to determine the
24、 viscosity of adhesives, deadeners, and thin body sealers.The viscosity is indicated by the resistance produced upon a spindle rotating at a definite speed whileimmersed in the material under test.3.2.2.2 EquipmentCommercially available Brookfield Viscometer1(Figure 2).FIGURE 2BROOKFIELD VISCOMETER3
25、.2.2.3 ProcedureTest material and equipment shall be maintained at a temperature of 77 2 F during the test.3.2.2.3.1 Insert the specified spindle in a pint of test material, keeping the fluids level below the immersion groovecut in the spindle shaft.3.2.2.3.2 Attach spindle to the lower shaft.3.2.2.
26、3.3 Lower viscometer so that the groove cut in spindle shaft is flush with the fluids level.1. Available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, 240 Cushing St., Stoughton, Mass.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-5-3.2.2.3.4 Level the viscometer and set viscometer speed at specified rpm.3.2.2.3.5 Depress the c
27、lutch and turn on the viscometer motor. Release clutch and allow dial to rotate for 1 min.Take reading at this position. If the pointer has not stabilized at a fixed position after 1 min, the readingshall not be taken until the pointer has stabilized. The time shall then be recorded.3.2.2.3.6 Using
28、conversion table, convert to centipoise.3.2.2.3.7 When reporting viscosity, the spindle, rpm, and viscometer and model number shall be indicated.Average of three readings.3.2.3 MACMICHAEL METHODUsed for measuring the viscosity of both Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids suchas sealers, adhesives, an
29、d deadeners. The viscosity is given in degrees MacMichael (M).3.2.3.1 Equipment RequiredA commercially available Fisher-MacMichael Viscometer2with sample cups,plungers, and different gage wires (Figure 3).FIGURE 3FISHER-MACMICHAEL VISCOMETER2. Available from Fischer Scientific Co., 1458 N. Lamon Ave
30、., Chicago, Illinois 60651.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-6-3.2.3.2 Procedure3.2.3.2.1 Insert specified wire in hollow spindle.3.2.3.2.2 Attach specified plunger to the spindle.3.2.3.2.3 Suspend spindle assembly from the pointer assembly support.3.2.3.2.4 Level apparatus.3.2.3.2.5 Zero the dial.3.2.3.2.6 Lif
31、t spindle assembly off support.3.2.3.2.7 Adjust hot plate rotation speed to rotational speed specified.3.2.3.2.8 Adjust the sample temperature to temperature specified.3.2.3.2.9 Fill specified clean sample cut (sample depth specified) and place on hot plate.3.2.3.2.10 If test temperature is greater
32、than 77 F, adjust thermostat to desired temperature.3.2.3.2.11 Replace spindle.3.2.3.2.12 Cover sample cup.3.2.3.2.13 Check that sample is at desired temperature.3.2.3.2.14 Take reading by turning on the rotate switch and read degrees M from the dial at point spindle becomesstationary or at specifie
33、d time.3.2.3.2.15 When reporting degrees M viscosity, the temperature of material, wire gage, plunger, hot plate rotationalspeed, sample cup size, and sample depth should be indicated.3.2.4 FORD CUP METHODParticularly suited for measuring the viscosity of relatively thin adhesives, sealers, anddeade
34、ners. The viscosity is given in seconds and is the amount of time it takes for specific amounts of fluidmaterial to pass through a known size orifice.3.2.4.1 Equipment3.2.4.1.1 Commercially available Ford Cups3(Figure 4).3.2.4.1.2 Ring stand and ring for holding Ford Cup.3.2.4.1.3 Timing device for
35、measuring seconds.3.2.4.2 ProcedureTest material and equipment shall be at a temperature of 77 2 F during the test.3.2.4.2.1 Holding finger over aperture, fill the specified clean cup and orifice with the material being tested.3.2.4.2.2 Simultaneously remove finger from aperture and start timing dev
36、ice.3. Available from Ford Viscosimeter Corp., 7730 W. Fort St., Detroit, Michigan 48209.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-7-FIGURE 4FORD CUP3.2.4.2.3 When a break in the flow of material through the open aperture occurs or a specified amount of materialhas flowed, stop the timing device.3.2.4.2.4 When reportin
37、g Ford viscosity, indicate the Ford Cup used.3.2.5 PENETROMETER METHODThis procedure is used to determine the viscosity of heavy bodied sealers anddeadeners. Viscosity is a measure of depth of penetration of a cone or needle into a standard body ofmaterial.3.2.5.1 Equipment Required3.2.5.1.1 Commerc
38、ially available universal penetrometer as described in ASTM D 217 or ASTM D 5, Test forPenetration of Bituminous Materials. (Figure 5).3.2.5.1.2 Weights to place on loading bar.3.2.5.1.3 Penetrating instrument (coneASTM D 217, needleASTM D 5).3.2.5.1.4 Stopwatch.3.2.5.1.5 Sample cup as specified.3.2
39、.5.2 ProcedureTest material and equipment shall be at 77 2 F during the test.3.2.5.2.1 Level penetrometer.3.2.5.2.2 Insert specified penetrating instrument into chuck.3.2.5.2.3 Set dial reading to zero.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-8-FIGURE 5PENETROMETER3.2.5.2.4 Add weights as required to loading bar to ac
40、hieve specified load. (Load is the total weight of rod andpenetrating instrument.)3.2.5.2.5 Fill clean sample cup level full with test material, smooth surface, and place it in position centered underthe penetrating instrument.3.2.5.2.6 Adjust height so as to bring the point of the penetrating instr
41、ument exactly into contact with the smoothsurface of the sample.3.2.5.2.7 Release test rod by pushing the clutch trigger down and holding it down during specified time of the test.3.2.5.2.8 At the end of the specified time, lock the test rod by releasing the clutch trigger.3.2.5.2.9 Push down the de
42、pth gage rod as far as it will go and read the depth of penetration in tenths ofmillimeters.3.2.5.2.10 When reporting penetrometer viscosity, indicate the load, penetration time, and cup size (average ofthree samples).3.2.6 GARDNER MOBILOMETER METHODThis method is used for determining the viscosity
43、of adhesives and “thin“bodied sealers. Viscosity is expressed as the time in seconds for a standard plunger assembly (disc, pistonrod, weight pan), loaded or unloaded, to fall through 10 cm of the test product.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-9-3.2.6.1 Equipment3.2.6.1.1 Commercially available regular Gardner
44、Mobilometer4with 51-hole disc, solid disc, and 4-hole disc(Figure 6).FIGURE 6REGULAR GARDNER MOBILOMETER3.2.6.1.2 WeightsVarious gram amounts in 50 g increments.3.2.6.1.3 Timing device for measuring seconds.3.2.6.2 ProcedureTest material and equipment shall be maintained at a temperature of 77 2 F d
45、uring the test.3.2.6.2.1 Fill clean cylinder to a depth of 20 cm with material to be tested.3.2.6.2.2 Level instrument.3.2.6.2.3 Attach collar bracket cylinder so top of collar bracket is 4 in down from top of cylinder.3.2.6.2.4 Place piston rod through piston guide and attach specified disc to pist
46、on rod.3.2.6.2.5 Lower disc into material until lowest mark on the piston rod is flush with the top of the piston guide. (Ifthere is only two marks on piston rod, lower the piston rod into the material until the bottom mark is1/2 in above the piston guide top.)4. Gardner Laboratory, Inc., P.O. Box 5
47、728, Bethesda, Maryland 20014.SAE J243 Issued OCT71-10-3.2.6.2.6 If a load is called for, add weights to weight pan to give specified load. By definition, load shall beconsidered zero if there is no weights added to the weight pan.3.2.6.2.7 Release piston rod and start timer when second lowest mark
48、reaches top of piston guide. (If there isonly two marks on piston rod, start timer when bottom mark reaches top of piston guide.)3.2.6.2.8 Stop timer when the last mark reaches the top of the piston guide and report viscosity.3.2.6.2.9 When reporting Gardner viscosity, indicate the disc used and the
49、 load applied.4. ADS-2Low Temperature Tests4.1 Method A (Impact Test)This procedure is used to determine the adhesion properties of sealers whensubjected to an impact at a low temperature.4.1.1 EQUIPMENT REQUIRED4.1.1.1 Slam fixture capable of delivering a uniform impact to the test panel. See Figure 7.FIGURE 7DETAILED VIEW OF SLAMMING FIXTURE FOR COLD ADHESION TESTSAE J243 Issued OCT71-11-4.1.1.2 Cold box capable of maintaining a temperature of 40 2 F.4.1.1.3 Circulating air oven capable of maintaining temperatures up t
