1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20808-0 SANS 3448:2008Edition 1ISO 3448:1992Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Industrial liquid lubricants ISO viscosity classifica
4、tion This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 3448:1992 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 i
5、nternational code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 3448:2008 Edition 1 ISO 3448:1992 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5140.07E, Steering committee for petroleum products, bi
6、ofuels and lubricants Hydraulic, metalworking and brake fluids, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in July 2008. This document supersedes SANS 10053:2001 (edition 1.3). INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
7、Second edition 1992-09-l 5 Industrial liquid lubricants - IS0 viscosity classification Lubrifian fs liquides industriels - Classification IS0 se/on la viscosit6 SANS 3448:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .IS0 3448:1992(E) Fo
8、reword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is nortnally carried out through IS0 technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a te
9、chnical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. IS0 collaborates closely with the International EIectrotechnicaI Commission (IEC) on all matter
10、s of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an lnter- national Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. International Standard IS0 3448
11、was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (IS0 3448:1975), of which it constitutes a technical revision. Annex A of this International Standard is for information only. 0 IS0 1992 All rights reserved.
12、NO part of this publication may be reproduced 01 utilized it-1 any form or by any means, electronic 01 mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. Intern Case ational Orga Postale 56 l nization CH-121 for Standard 1 Geneve 20 ization l Switzerl
13、and Printed in Switzerland ii SANS 3448:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .IS0 3448:1992(E) Introduction This International Standard has been prepared to meet the immediate needs of those IS0 Technical Committees that promulg
14、ate International Standards for equipment and need to refer to lubricants, i.e. TC 39, A TC 123, P/air, bearings; TC 131, Fluid power systems; and others, by providing a classification of liquid lubricants according to viscosity grades. The purpose of this classification system is to establish a ser
15、ies of definite kinematic-viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users and equipment designers will have a uniform and com- mon basis for designating or selecting industrial liquid lubricants ac- cording to the kinematic viscosity required in a particular application. When the first
16、 edition of this International Standard was being prepared, systems for classifying the viscosity characteristics of industrial liquid lubricants were simultaneously under study by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) in collaboration with the Society of Tribologists and Lubrication
17、 Engineers (STLE) (ASTM D 2422-68), by the British Standards Institution (BSl) (BS 4231) and by the Deutsches Institut ftir Normung (DIN). The cooperative effort first resulted in this IS0 classification in 1975. It is desirable that any such classification system should cover the entire range of ki
18、nematic viscosities of liquid lubricants normally used; at the same time, the number of kinematic-viscosity grades within the classifi- cation should be limited. A continuous system, in which any lubricant within the viscosity range could be given a grade number, was first considered, but it was rec
19、ognized that this would involve either an un- duly large number of grades or an unduly wide range of permitted kinematic viscosities for each grade. For the classification to be of direct use in engineering design calcu- lations, in which the kinematic viscosity of the lubricant is only one of the p
20、arameters, it is desirable that the viscosity qrade width be not more than 10 36 on either side of the nominal value.LThis would reflect an or- der of uncertainty in calculation similar to that imposed by dimensional manufacturing tolerances. This limitation. coupled with the requirement that the nu
21、mber of viscosity qrades should not be too large, has led to the adoption of a discontinuo;rs system with w gaps . between the viscosity grades. The reference ternperature for the classification should be selected to be reasonably close to average service experience. It should also closely relate to
22、 other sdected ternperafw-es used t.o define properties such as viscosity index which can aid in defining a lubricant. A study of a series of possible temperatures indicates that 40 “C is particularly suitable for the purposes of industrial-lubricant classification as well as for the lubricant-defin
23、ition properties mentioned above. This viscosity classification is consequently based on kinematic viscosity at 40 T. The viscosity designations are identical to those in the well-known ASTM/STLE and BSI classifications previously mentioned. . . . Ill SANS 3448:2008This s tandard may only be used an
24、d printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .IS0 3448:1992(E) Although this IS0 classification is bound to lead to a number of existiny lubricants (possibly including some at present widely used) not beinb accommodated within the classification, there is nothing to prevent
25、 the continued use of such products by agreement between supptier and consumer. The kinematic viscosities of such out-of-classification oils should, however, be determined at 40 T. It is expected, however, that lubricant producers will move towards the adjustment of their products so that each produ
26、ct will fall within one of the viscosity grade desig- nations; that users will, in the interests of rationalization and the re- duction of the number of oils which they use, call increasingly for lubricants covered by the classification; and that machine and equip- ment manufacturers and their compo
27、nent suppliers will take due note of the classification in the design stages and in their lubricant viscosity recommendations. It is not expected that tiquid lubricants of every quality, or those de- signed for very specific purposes, will be, or will need to be, available within every viscosity gra
28、de of this International Standard. NOTE 1 The Society of Automative Engineers (USA) established many years ago standards for identifying and/or classifying the viscosity characteristics of lubricants used in automotive engines or gears. Their systems, which are widely known and used in most countrie
29、s of the world, are based on the mensureme the nomenclature used is for example SAE lOW, 20W and 20, 30, etc., for engine oils (SAE J 300) and SAE 75W, 8OW, 90, 140, etc., fot- gear oils (SAE J 306). It should be noted that this IS0 classification for industrial liquid lubricants is not: intended to
30、 replace either of the SAE systems: on the other hand, the latter systems, while they have desirable features for automotive lubricants, are not suitable for extension to industrial lubricanfs in general. SANS 3448:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemail
31、ing clients of the SABS .Industrial liquid lubricants - IS0 viscosity classification 1 scope This International Standard establishes a system of viscosity classification for industrial liquid lubricants and related fluids. This includes mineral oils used as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, electrical o
32、ils and for other applications. The usual method for kinematic- viscosity determination is that specified in IS0 3104, but this may give anomalous results when used with non-Newtonian fluids (i.e. those whose coefficient of viscosity varies significantly with rate of shear). For SUCII fluids, it is
33、therefore important to state the particular method by which viscosity has been de- termined. It is also recognized that there may be some pure chemicals andnaturally occurring products. used as lubricants, which will not fatI within this classifi- cation. 2 Normative reference The following standard
34、 contains provisions which, through refe;-ence in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. At the time of publi- cation, the edition indicated was valid. A!I standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this lnternationai Standard are encour- aged to
35、investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated below. Members of IEC and IS0 maintain registers of cur- rently valid International Standards. c 1SO 3104:1976, Petroleum products - Transparent and opaque liquids - Determinafior, of kinematic viscosity and ca
36、kulation of dynamic viscosity. 3 Classification 3.1 The classification defines 20 viscosity grades in the range 2 mm*/s to 3 200 rnm*/s at 40 “C. This covers, as far as petroleum-based liquids are con- cerned, approximately the range from kerosine to cylinder oils. 3.2 Each viscosity grade is design
37、ated by the nearest whole number to its mid-boint kinematic viscosity in square millimetres per second (mm%) at 40 “C, and a kinematic-viscosity range of + IO % of this value is permitted. The 20 viscosity grades with the limits appropriate to each are given in table 1. 3.3 The classification is bas
38、ed on the principle that the mid-point kinematic viscosity of each grade should be approximately 50 % greater than that of the preceding one. The division of each decade into six equal logarithmic steps provides such a system and permits a uniform progression from decade to decade, but in order to p
39、rovide simple numbers the logarithmic series has been rounded off. The maxi- mum deviation of the mid-point viscosities from the logarithmic series is 2,2 7%. 3.4 The classification implies no quality evaluation, and provides information only on the kinematic vis- cosity at the defining temperature
40、of 40 “C. The kinematic viscosities at other temperatures will de- pend on the viscosity/temperature characteristics of the lubricants. which are usually reported as viscoity/ter-le-atr. curves or stated in terms of a viscosity in:7,39 to 9.60) / / ($38 to 5.38) 1 !3,27 to 3,91) IS0 VG 7 6,12 to 7.4
41、8 I is0 VG 10 ! 1 (12.3 to ?6.0) 1 ,6,55 to 8.05) iSO /G 15 j 9,oo to 11.0 j Z0.2 to 25.9 j 9.73 to 12.0 3.5 to 16.5 33.5 to 43.0 i j 4.7 to ?8,1 I IS0 VG 22 j 19.8 to 24.2 1 54.2 to 69.8 1 21.8 to 26.8 / 3,3 to 16.0 I 51.0 to 65.8 IS0 VG 32 28,8 to 35,2 I 87.7 to 115 32.0 to 39,4 18,6 to 22,2 82,6
42、to 108 31.9 to 39.2 IS0 JG 46 19,0 to 22.6 76.9 to 98.7 2 :CJ 718 j 283 to 339 j 3700to 4740 728 to 894 300 to 360 1 2880 to 3650 1 712 to 874 IS0 VG 1 COO : 326 to 393 3oo:o 1100 : ;170 to I 9230 1 loot0 1350 -toot0 479 ! i 5960 10 7640 080 to 330 1 425 to 509 i 1550to57I30 1050to 1290 j 466 to 560
43、 iSOVG 1500 j 135Oto !E50 i 575 to 688 9850 to 12600 640 to 2010 j 813 to 734 1 7390to 9400 590 to 1960 1 / 1 676 to 812 I ! : : I ISOJG 2200 * 380 !o 2 -120 ?9400to25200 1 2460to3020 f I 810 to 970 15900to 20400 2420 to 2970 ! :S65to i 040 / 11710to 15300 2350 to 2890 I 950 to 1 150 iSOVG 3200 I L3
44、80?0 2520 31 180 to 40300 I / 3610 to -I435 1130 to 1355 , / 25 360 to 32600 1 3 350 to 4 360 j 1210to 1150 18 450 to 24 500 3450 to 4260 1350 to i 620 / I t 1 NOTE - Values in parentheses have been derived by extrapolation and are approximate. SANS 3448:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .
