1、1-1SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsHOW TO USE SSPC STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND GUIDES 1. Scope of Volume 2This volume contains both mandatory documents (stan-dards. standard procedures, methods, or specifi cations) to be used in preparation of procurement documents for painting work, and
2、 non-mandatory documents (guides, technology updates, technology reports, and technology guides) that provide guidance in current good practice. It is the product of many years of broad open consensus work by the SSPC staff and by the leading specialists in each fi eld of protective coatings technol
3、ogy. The aims of the 2005 edition of Volume 2 are: To incorporate by means of composition/performance oriented specifi cations the best current technology on protective coatings; To update SSPC standards and specifi cations based upon results of many years of experience with the existing ones; To pr
4、esent an association between “environmental zones” of exposure and the selection of painting system specifi cations; To facilitate the incorporation of SSPC standards and specifi cations into procurement documents by reference.2. Defi nitionsThe functional parts of this volume use terms such as spec
5、i-fi cation, commentary, guide, or notes as indicated below:Standard: A specifi cation, practice, or test method that has been formally adopted. SSPC standards include specifi cations and guides, each of which may refer to other standards.Specifi cation: A detailed description of requirements of a p
6、roduct or process that can be incorporated into a procure-ment document.Method: A form of standard describing a precise procedure or technique used for performing a specifi c task.Painting System: A term intended to include, with equal emphasis, not only the well accepted components of a system such
7、 as surface preparation and paint materials, but also the application, inspection, and safety functions.Painting System Materials Specifi cation: A specifi cation that covers only the paint in a multi-coat system without specify-ing surface preparation, fi lm thickness, and application.Coating Syste
8、m: A term which refers to the applied and cured multi-layer fi lm or to the components of a system based on non-paint type coating such as thermal spray coatings.Commentary: Explanatory remarks at the beginning of a chapter, describing the background and proper use of the specifi cations and guides.
9、 (This is not a part of the specifi ca-tions and guides, but often is important in their selection and use.)Guide: A set of instructions or organized information based on a consensus of “best industry practice.” Material contained in a non-mandatory guide may be extracted and used in preparation of
10、procurement documents, although the guide itself is not suitable for reference in procurement documents because it does not contain mandatory language. Painting System Guides are coded SSPC-PS Guide 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, 4.00, etc. and are to be used to select painting system speci-fi cations. The guide
11、s to safety in paint application (SSPC-PA Guide 3) and maintenance (SSPC-PA Guides 4 and 5) aid in establishing standard practices, procedures, and specifi cations for coating application and maintenance.Notes: Additional information at the end of a specifi cation that is not considered a mandatory
12、requirement. Qualifi cation Procedure: A procedure that defi nes a sequence of actions or functions an individual or organi-zation must meet to establish or verify a specifi ed level of competence. Joint Technology Report: A report issued by an SSPC/NACE technical committee to address the state of t
13、he art of a particular technology.Technology Update: A consensus SSPC document prepared by a committee that describes and assesses a new material, procedure, concept, method, or other area of technology. Technology Updates are considered “fast track” documents and skip some steps in the standards ap
14、proval process. A Technology Update is not suitable for referencing in a specifi cation or procurement document because it does not contain mandatory language, although information from a Technology Update may be extracted and referenced in a contract. It differs from a technical article in a journa
15、l in that it represents a consensus of balanced interests, not a single authors viewpoint.Other terms sometimes used in the industry include: practiceA form of standard that is a procedure, guide, or service that may or may not be auxiliary to a test method or a specifi cation; test methodA form of
16、standard that covers sampling and subsequent testing procedures used in determin-ing the properties, composition, or performance for materials, How to Use SSPC Specifi cations and GuidesNovember 1, 20041-2products, systems, or services that may be specifi ed. A test method does not include the kind
17、of numerical limits for the properties, composition, or performance that should normally be included in a specifi cation. Other terms are covered in the Glossary section of Volume 1 of the SSPC Painting Manual and in the SSPC Protective Coatings Glossary (SSPC 00-07).4. Identifi cation Numbers Used
18、for SSPC Standards, Specifi cations, and GuidesDesignations for the SSPC standards, specifi cations, technology reports, technology updates, and their abbreviations are listed below. The term “Paint,” used as the designation for SSPC Paint Specifi cations, is the only term not abbreviated.PS = Paint
19、ing SystemCS = Coating SystemPaint = Paint (or Coating)SP = Surface PreparationAB = AbrasivePA = Paint ApplicationQP = Qualifi cation ProcedureME = Method (of preparing test panels)TR = Technology ReportTU = Technology UpdateThe word “Guide” is placed before the number portion of the identifi cation
20、 for those documents that are Guides; for example, PA-Guide 3.The latest issue of the document is to be used unless otherwise specifi ed. 5. Methods of Using SSPC Painting System Specifi cationsUsing Specifi cations Without Modifi cations or Amend-ments. Each painting system specifi cation may be us
21、ed in its entirety, by proper reference in the procurement documents, to cover all usual requirements for the intended use. To do this, simply specify that the steel or structure shall be painted “in accordance with SSPC-PS _.” Used without modifi cation, these SSPC painting systems cover many of th
22、e normal painting problems that are encountered. Since each painting system describes the minimum requirement for the intended service, it follows that better methods or materials may be substituted without prejudice, provided the practical value of the improve-ment is judged to be commensurate with
23、 the added cost.Modifi cations of Specifi cations. Modifi cations to refl ect the needs of an individual project may be made by the preparer by reviewing each item of the applicable specifi cation and then including his decisions on variations as mandatory requirements in the procurement documents.
24、To do so, modify a standard specifi cation by adding, deleting, or changing requirements.Use of Painting System Guides. The preparer may use the Painting System Guides SSPC-PS Guide 1.00, 2.00, 3.00, etc. to prepare his/her own modifi ed painting systems for special cases not covered by the standard
25、 systems. Recommendations for special conditions are shown in Table 1.6. Selection of Painting Systems by Environ-mental ZoneGeneral Considerations. Because of the wide diversity of available systems, the adverse conditions under which they must sometimes be applied, environmental restrictions, and
26、the need for minimizing maintenance, the choice of a suit-able painting system is not always an easy one. There is, of course, no one “best” painting system, but rather a dynamic competition among alternative materials and methods whose choice often depends upon both technological factors and policy
27、 considerations.Since environmental factors are often the dominant ones, they will be considered fi rst, followed by other important con-siderations such as cost, appearance, and design.Effects of Environment on Corrosion Rates. Among the technological factors in the choice of a painting system, env
28、ironment is usually the controlling one. For example, one rule of thumb advocates that steel need not be painted at all when the corrosion rate is uniform and below a certain level; on the other hand, alternative materials of construction should be considered instead of painting when the environment
29、 is too severe.Table 2 illustrates the wide range of atmospheric corro-siveness as measured by ASTM. In some areas, increased atmospheric contamination has resulted in acid rain waters, but many industrial locations have become less contaminated than in the recent past.Environmental Zones: A concise
30、 description of each SSPC “environmental zone” is given in Table 3, while Table 4 indicates typical painting system(s) recommended for minimum performance in each zone. These zones cover rural, urban, commercial, and marine environments and several special exposures. Use of the term “environmental z
31、one” in this con-text is not meant to parallel the common meaning of the term, which implies geographical location but, rather, defi nes the type of environment (atmosphere) to which the coated steel will be exposed. As an example of this more specialized mean-ing of environmental zone, consider a s
32、teel framed building, part of which is devoted to offi ce space, and another part of which is devoted to chemical laboratory and pilot plant space where acidic fumes are frequently generated. Each of these areas is exposed to a signifi cantly different environment. An-other example is the roadway an
33、d superstructure of a bridge located in a geographical area where freezing and road salt use are common. The upper portions of such a bridge have to be protected only against weather exposure, whereas the roadway steel and adjacent structural components must also be protected against de-icing salt i
34、n solution.How to Use SSPC Specifi cations and GuidesNovember 1, 20041-3For purposes of classifying environmental exposures according to their severity, they have been divided into envi-ronmental zones from essentially non-corrosive dry interiors (Zone 0) to severe chemical exposures (Zone 3). Speci
35、al conditions are listed in Table 1. Exposure conditions may be such as to require little or no protection by painting; conversely, they may indicate the need for elaborate surface preparation, pretreatment, and properly selected primer, intermediate, and fi nish coats. Although Table 4 may indicate
36、 several different generic painting systems suitable for use in a particular zone, some systems are more durable than others and will achieve better performance or longer coating life.This classifi cation of environment is probably the most useful type of designation, since most available data on pa
37、int exposures is defi ned in these broad termsFactors such as time-of-wetness, chloride level, sulfur dioxide content, pH, conductivity, surface contamination, etc. should also be con-sidered when choosing a painting system.In Table 4, Painting System numbers have been rounded off to show the generi
38、c class of systems that are satisfactory. For example, SSPC-PS 15 includes Painting System Guide 15.00 and Painting System Specifi cations SSPC-PS 15.01 through 15.04.How to Use SSPC Specifi cations and GuidesNovember 1, 2004Type of Service Discussion and RecommendationsTABLE 1TYPICAL RECOMMENDATION
39、S FOR SPECIAL SERVICE CONDITIONSAbrasion Resistance Urethane coatings probably have more abrasion resistance per mil than any other organic generic class. These are available as proprietary materials. Epoxies such as modifi ed SSPC-PS 13 can be specially formulated so that removal, even by blast cle
40、aning, is diffi cult, especially when they are sand-fi lled.Zinc-rich coatings, such as SSPC-PS 12, especially the inorganic types, tend to “polish“ and not abrade off steel surfaces.Coal tar epoxy paints, such as SSPC-PS 11, or selected proprietary products, especially when fi lled with garnet or o
41、ther hard 30 to 70 mesh materials.SSPC-PS 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, or 13 when sand-fi lled.Gravel, sand, slate granules in SSPC-PS 9 or 10.Anti-Sweat Preformed plastic and foam spray have superseded paints for most anti-sweat functions.Anti-Fouling These paints are covered in SSPC-PS 19 and in Chapters 6.11
42、 and 9.3 of the SSPC Paint-ing Manual, Vol. 1.Protection from Graffi ti See SSPC-PS 17 and polyester urethane guides with recommended ratios of polyol, isocyanate, and NCO.Skid Resistance Any type of paint that is suitable for application on fl oors can be converted to a specifi cally skid resistant
43、 paint by incorporation of a fi nely divided material such as silica, aluminum oxide, or ground shells.Mildew Resistance 1. Wash with phosphate-free detergent.2. Rinse with a solution of one part sodium hypochlorite (Hilex, Clorox, Purex, etc.) and three parts water. Allow some dwell time before a f
44、i nal rinse.3. Use a paint suitable for specifi c surface and exposure.Piping Color codes for identifying piping are given in ANSI A13.1, “Identifi cation of Piping.“Safety Colors Standards for safety colors are given in ANSI Z53.1, “Color Coding.”Wet Surfaces Some epoxies and urethanes have been su
45、ccessfully applied to wet surfaces.Cold Surfaces Some urethanes can be applied to cold surfaces. Cycloaliphatic amine-cured epoxies canbe used.Underwater Epoxies have been developed for underwater application. (Some urethanes will cure underwater but cannot be applied underwater.)Rebar Protection Fu
46、sion bonded epoxies or hot dip galvanizing.1-4How to Use SSPC Specifi cations and GuidesNovember 1, 2004Site No. Location Type of AtmosphereRelative RatingSteel Zinc1 Normal Wells, N.W.T. Rural 0.02 0.22 Saskatoon, Sask. Rural 0.2 0.29 State College, PA2Rural 1.0 1.017 Pittsburgh, PA (roof) Industri
47、al 1.8 1.518 London (Battersea) Industrial 2.0 1.227 Bayonne, NJ Industrial 3.4 3.128 Kure Beach, NC (250 m) Marine 3.6 1.931 London (Strafford) Industrial 6.5 4.833 Point Reyes, CA Marine 9.5 1.037 Kure Beach, NC (25 m) Marine 33.0 6.41Adapted from ASTM Materials Research and Standards, December, 1
48、961, page 977.2State College, PA was taken as unity. Fortuitously, a relative rating of 1.0 represented about 1 mil loss the fi rst year.TABLE 2SOME MEASURED CORROSION RATES1TABLE 3SSPC ENVIRONMENTAL ZONES0 Dry interiors where structural steel is imbedded in concrete, encased in masonry or protected
49、 by membrane or non-corrosive contact type fi reproofi ng.1A Interior, normally dry (or temporary protection). Very mild (oil base paints now last six years or more).1B Exteriors, normally dry (includes most areas where oil base paints now last six years or more).2A Frequently wet by fresh water. Involves condensation, splash, spray or frequent immersion. (Oil base paints now last fi ve years or less.)2B Frequently wet by salt water. Involves condensation, splash, spray, or frequent immersion. (Oil base paints now last three years or less.)2C Fresh water immersion2D Salt water
