(浙江专用)2018_2019版高中化学专题1物质的分离与提纯专题整合提升课件苏教版选修6.pptx

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专题整合提升,知识网络 物质提纯方法归纳,专题探究 专题一 常见的分离、提纯的方法,专题二 物质分离、提纯的基本原则 1.物质的分离和提纯的含义与区别,将相互混在一起的不同物质彼此分开而得到相应的各个组分的过程叫分离,分开以后的各物质应该尽量减少损失,而且是比较纯净的。采用物理或化学方法把物质中混有的杂质除去的过程叫提纯,它和分离的主要区别在于除掉后的杂质可以不进行恢复。分离和提纯物质的方法主要有结晶、萃取、蒸馏、沉淀、离子交换、色谱以及电化学分离等。,2.在进行物质分离和提纯的实验操作时,应遵循三个基本原则:(1)不能引入新的杂质。分离、提纯后的物质应是纯净物,不能有其他物质混入其中。(2)分离、提纯时不减少被提纯物质的质量。分离、提纯时所加试剂只与杂质反应。(3)实验操作简单易行。选择分离、提纯方法应遵循先简单后复杂的原则,先考虑物理方法,再考虑化学方法。,

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