1、- 1 -山西大学附中 20182019 学年高三第一学期 11 月模块诊断英语试题考试时间：100 分钟 满分：150 分注意：本考试严禁使用手机、电子词典或其它电子存储设备，违者按作弊处理。第 I 卷（选择题，共 90 分）第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分 60 分）第一节（共 15 小题，每题 3 分，满分 45 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A- 2 -1. A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to .A. repair your TV B. organize your homewor
2、kC. be a James Bond D. know what the weather is like2. You can get your Mr. H for .A. 499 B. 299C. 199 D. 993. Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A. On a notice board. B. In a company brochure.C. On a teenage website. D. In a college newspaper.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C【解析】本文为应用文。文章是青少年网站的
3、广告，介绍了两种新科技产品，介绍 l 了它们独特的功能和优惠的价格，吸引年轻人购买。.【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二则广告中的介绍 PENGO WATCH CONTROL 的功能的第二条 gives you a daily weather forecast.可知它可以让你知道天气情况。所以选 D。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一个广告的最后的价格介绍：Originally (最初) sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299,可知以前 Mr H 是 499 美元，现在打折只要 299 美元了，所以选 B。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二个广告的最后的句子：for fur
4、ther information，click here.可知这个广告是出自网站。分析选项 A. On a notice board 在广告牌上；B. In a company brochure.在公司的宣传册上； C. On a teenage website 在青少年网站上；D. In a college newspaper.在大学报纸上。因此选 C。BWhen readers talk about famous British writer Agatha Christie, it seems that her famous detective novels featuring Hercul
5、e Poirot and Miss Marple are must-reads. So, of course, are her best-selling novels Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile (1937).But when readers around the world were asked to name their favorite Christie - 3 -novel to mark her 125th birthday in September, And Then There Were No
6、ne (1939) topped the list, reported The Guardian. And the BBC TV adaptation of the novel will premiere on Dec 26.It may surprise you to learn that it is a crime novel without a detective. What it does have is suspense and a very sinister (邪恶的) atmosphere.In the story, a group of 10 people gets an in
7、vitation to come to a house on a small island near Devon in South West England. Nobody refuses these invitations since each one is promised something the person wants: a job, a holiday, a chance to meet up again with an old friend These people are all responsible for deaths. Some are directly respon
8、sible, others are responsible because of what they did not do. Anthony James Marston, for instance, killed two children while driving dangerously. He did not feel guilty and actually complained when he was banned from driving. Another, Emily Caroline Brent, is a harsh person who threw out a young se
9、rvant for becoming pregnant while unmarried. The servant later killed herself.When they arrive at the house they are played a recording. The voice gives details of the wrongdoing of each of the guests. Starting with Marston, each is killed in a way that fits his or her crime. The series of deaths is
10、 completed with a hanging, “and then there were none”, as the title suggests.Some of Christies works have a predictable ending, but this book is full of clever writing. Look it up to find out what this hugely successful mystery writer, the “Queen of Crime” as she was called, could do at her best.4.
11、All of the following are Agatha Christies works EXCEPT _.A. Queen of Crime B. Death on the NileC. And Then There Were None D. Murder on the Orient Express5. According to the author, the title of the novel And Then There Were None suggests that _.A. no guests survive in the endB. no detectives appear
12、 in the novelC. there are no mysteries in the novel- 4 -D. nobody is to blame for the deaths of the guests6. Which of following is TRUE about the novel And Then There Were None?A. All the people in the novel have killed someone before.B. Ten innocent people are killed on a small island.C. The people
13、 in the novel accept the invitations because of something they are offered.D. A detective finds out who is responsible for the peoples deaths in the end.7. Which is the closest meaning of the underlined word?A. suspect B. fictionC. uncertainty D. shock【答案】4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。主要介绍了英国著名作
14、家阿加莎克里斯蒂以及对她的作品无人生还 。【4 题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的 her best-selling novels Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile (1937). 和第二段中的 And Then There Were None (1939)，可知这些都是 Agatha Christie 的作品。所以不包括 A，故选 A。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四-六段的内容可知， Then There Were None 这部小说讲的故事是 10个素不相识的人被邀请到小岛的一所房子里，在用晚餐时被指控曾
15、有不当的行为，众人正在惶恐之际，来宾之一忽然死亡，噩梦由此开始了，最后无人生还。第六段最后一句“each is killed in a way that fits his or her crime. The series of deaths is completed with a hanging, “and then there were none”, as the title suggests”，每个人都是以一种与他们犯罪的方式一致的方式被杀害的。这一系列的死亡以一个“无人生还”的璧幔结束，正如标题所示。由此可知 A 符合题意，故选 A。【6 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后“Nobody
16、 refuses these invitations since each one is promised something the person wants” 可知“没有人拒绝这些邀请，因为承诺每个人都得到了他想要的东西”分析句子可知，选项 C 符合题意，故选 C。- 5 -【7 题详解】猜测词义题。根据第三段的句中的“may surprise”、 “ a crime novel ”、 “a very sinister ”等，这一切都说明了小说内容的许多“不确定性” 。最后一段的“Some of Christies works have a predictable ending, but
17、this book is full of clever writing. Look it up to find out what this hugely successful mystery writer,”可推断出她的这部小说写作巧妙，有许多的不可预测性。分析选项 A. suspect 怀疑；B. fiction 虚幻小说；C. uncertainty 不确定性；D. shock 震惊。可知 C 项符合题意，故选 D项。【点睛】文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章
18、，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。第 1 小题属于细节理解题。根据第一段中的 her best-selling novels Murder on the Orient Express (1934) and Death on the Nile (1937). 和第二段中的And Then There Were None (1939)是 Agatha Christie 的作品。所以不包括 A，故选 A。细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳，切忌根据“一面之词
19、”草率地作出结论。CChoosing the Right ResolutionMillions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.To reach our goal of losing weight the output, we need to control what we eat the input . That is, we
20、tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construct goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “Ill stop having dessert for lunch,” or “Ill walk every day for 20 minutes.”
21、Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.Recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , included in education, has - 6 -been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating chil
22、dren to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based
23、 on output. Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be more effective because students do not know how to do better on an exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.As long
24、 as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for e
25、xample. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isnt a goal because its too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, dont stop with this general wish. Think bout an actionable habit that you could adopt
26、 and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.8. The writer thinks that setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake because _ .A. it is hard to achieve for most Americans B. it is focused too much on the resultC. it is dependent on too
27、many things D. it is based on actionable decisions9. In Roland Fryers research, some students did better than the others because _ .A. they obeyed all the general rulesB. they paid more attention to examsC. they were rewarded for reading some books- 7 -D. they were motivated by their classmates10. A
28、ccording to the writer, which of the following statements is a good goal?A. “Ill give up desert.” B. “Ill study harder.”C. “Ill cut down my expense.” D. “Ill spend more time with my family.”11. The writer strongly believes that we should _ .A. develop good habits and focus on the outcomeB. pick spec
29、ific actions that can be turned into good habitsC. be optimistic about final goals and stick to themD. set ambitious goals that can balance the input and output【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。从新年美国人的减肥计划开始，谈到减肥成功的关键。由此，作者引出Roland Fryer 做的一项实验，该实验表明，当关注输入（开始）时，激励才发生作用。要想达到目标，必须重视目标，而不是根据结果调整行动。
30、【8 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“To reach our goal of losing weight - the output, we need to control what we eat - the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input”可知为了实现我们减肥的目的，我们需要控制我们的输入，而不是只关注结果（输出） 。这就是说我们为自己设立减肥的目标的错误所在是：output/outcome（输出/结果）而不是“input” ，the outcome 与
31、 the result是同义词，故选 B。【9 题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“In some case ，he gave students incentives based on input，like reading certain books，while in others，the were based on output，like results on exams.His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. ”“
32、 the incentives for inputs might be more effective ”Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.”可知当以输入为基础的时候，激励会有很好的结果。再根据第三段“I”可以知道 Roland Fryer 把- 8 -“input“（即阅读）和“output“（考试结果）作为两种激励变量，得到的结果是 input 的效果好于 output。故 D 项说法：奖励他们读书是有效的。故 D 正确。【10
33、 题详解】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知， “losing weight”、 “results on exams”、 “study harder”、 “cut down on your spending”、 “spend more time with your family”都强调结果，是太泛的目标，不易达到成功；而“control what we eat”、 “stop having desert” 、 “ walk every day”、 “making morning coffee at home”、 “a family movie night”等强调行动，是一种输入，所以更容易成功。故本
34、题选 A。【11 题详解】推理判断。根据文章最后一段“This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily” 再由第二段的最后一句“Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome”综合判断可知，作者是赞成具体行动的。A 项错在后半部分，聚焦结果是作者力图劝阻的。C 项也是错误答案，要更
35、关注输入和行动；D 项为无效信息，文章中没有提到平衡输出和输入的关系。故选 B。DAre healthy people happier than seriously ill ones? Not necessarily. In a study described in The Journal of experimental Psychology, a group of people with end-stage kidney（肾）failure were provided with electronic devices that required them to record their moo
36、ds at various times throughout the day. For comparison, a group of healthy volunteers used the same devices. When researchers had studied the results, they found that the levels of happiness were about the same for the two groups.The researchers, led by Dr. Jason Riis of Princeton when he was a grad
37、uate student at the University of Michigan, also found that the healthy people greatly overestimated how unhappy the sick ones would be. And the sick people overestimated how happy healthy ones would be.For the study, 49 kidney disease patients who were undergoing dialysis（透析）sections three times a
38、week were given personal digital assistants, as 49 healthy volunteers were matched to the patients by age, race, education and sex. - 9 -When the devices beeped, the subjects were asked to rate their mood on a 5-point scale, with 2 defined as “very pleasant” and minus 2 defined as “very unpleasant”.
39、 On average, the kidney patients rated their mood as 0.70, while the healthy subjects rated it as 0.83. The participants were also asked to describe other emotions they might be feeling, including joy and anxiety, and to describe their levels of physical comfort. And sometimes they were asked, “How
40、do you feel about your life as a whole?”A better understanding of how well people are able to adapt to poor health, the researchers said, could help doctors and patients make wiser choices about their medical care. Earlier studies have also found that seriously ill patients described themselves as b
41、eing happy. But these patients were not given a chance to answer questions about their mood privately and repeatedly over a period of time, Dr. Riis said, and so it was unclear how accurate their responses were.12. What can be learnt from the study?A. the electronic devices used are digital assistan
42、ts for dialysis.B. the levels of happiness are little affected by health conditions.C. all the subjects are of the same age, race, sex and education.D. both patients and healthy people overestimate their own happiness.13. In the research, the subjects ratings of their mood levels were _ on average.A
43、. vague B. negativeC. positive D. neutral14. One of Dr. Riis concerns about the result of the research was whether _.A. it reflected what the patients really thoughtB. it revealed the patients privacyC. the questions for the patients were repeatedD. the assignment for all subjects was accurate15. Th
44、e research was done in order to_.A. help patients adapt to poor health- 10 -B. learn patients average level of happinessC. find the distinction between the healthy and unhealthy peopleD. define the extent to which health condition affects happiness【答案】12. B 13. C 14. A 15. D【解析】本文为 shuom 说明文。健康的人一定比
45、病人感到幸福吗？一项调查结果表明病人的幸福指数和健康人几乎是一样的。【12 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 they found that the levels of happiness were about the same for the two groups.可知，肾病患者和健康人的幸福指数几乎一样，由此可推断出健康状况几乎对幸福指数没有影响。故选 B。【13 题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句 On average, the kidney patients rated their mood as 0.70, while the healthy subjects rated i
46、t as 0.83 平均来说，肾脏病患者的情绪指数为 0.70，而健康受试者的情绪指数为 0.83。可知病人与健康人的幸福指数都是正数，是中等偏上的，故选 C 项。【14 题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中最后 But these patients were not given a chance to answer questions about their mood privately and repeatedly over a period of time, Dr. Riis said, and so it was unclear how accurate their responses w
47、ere.可知，Dr. Riis 说病人没机会回答关于他们情绪的问题，因此不清楚调查结果是否反映了病人的真实想法。分析选项可知 A 项符合题意，故选 A。【15 题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，在第一段“Are healthy people happier than seriously ill ones?”为了证实它是否正确，进行了调查研究。调查研究表明病人的幸福指数和健康人的几乎一样，因此这项研究旨在确定健康状况对幸福的影响。分析选项可知 D 正确。故选D。第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 3 分，满分 15 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
48、- 11 -VAR technology has been used in U.S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of soccer and made its debut(首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer. _16_. It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee by watching video replay
49、s.The VAR team supported the referees from a centralised video room. The operators selected and provided the best angles from the relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. _17_. They will communicate with the referees only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. _18_, the referee would start an official review. Then they will
