2019版高中化学第三章水溶液中的离子平衡第3节盐类的水解第1课时课堂达标验收新人教版选修4.doc

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1、1第三章 第三节 盐类的水解第 1课时1如图表示的是某离子 X的水解过程示意图,则离子 X可能是( D )ACO BHCO 23 3CNa DNH 4解析:能水解且使溶液显酸性的只有 NH 。42(2016西宁高二检测)下列物质的水溶液中,呈碱性的是( A )ACH 3COONa BNa 2SO4CNH 4Cl DKAl(SO 4)2解析:CH3COO H 2O CH3COOHOH ,NH H 2O NH3H2OH ,Al 3 3H 2O Al(OH)433H 。3下列水解离子方程式表达正确的是( D )ACH 3COONa的溶液:CH 3COO H 2O=CH3COOHOH BAlCl 3的

2、溶液:Al 33H 2O=Al(OH)33H CNa 2CO3的溶液:CO H 2OH 2CO32OH 23DNH 4Cl的溶液:NH H 2ONH 3H2OH 4解析:A 项应写可逆号;B 项应写可逆号,不写“” ;C 项 CO 分步水解分步写;D23项正确。4下列说法正确的是 ( D )A盐溶液都是中性的 B盐溶液的酸碱性与盐的类型无关 CNaHCO 3溶液显酸性 D碳酸钠溶液显碱性,是因为溶液中 c(OH )c(H ) 解析:B 项,盐溶液的酸碱性与盐的类型有关,如 Na2CO3溶液呈碱性,NH 4Cl溶液呈酸性。5现有 S2 、SO 、NH 、Al 3 、Na 、SO 、AlO 、Fe

3、 3 、HCO 、Cl 等离子,23 4 24 2 3请按要求填空:(1)在水溶液中,该离子水解呈碱性的是_S 2 、SO 、AlO 、HCO _。23 2 3(2)在水溶液中,该离子水解呈酸性的是_NH 、Al 3 、Fe 3 _。4(3)既能在酸性较强的溶液里大量存在,又能在碱性较强的溶液里大量存在的离子有2_Na 、SO 、Cl _。24(4)既不能在酸性较强的溶液里大量存在,又不能在碱性较强的溶液里大量存在的离子有_HCO _。3解析:(1)水解呈碱性的是弱酸的酸根离子:S 2 、SO 、AlO 、HCO 。23 2 3(2)水解呈酸性的是弱碱的阳离子:NH 、Al 3 、Fe 3 。4(3)与酸和碱均不反应的是强酸的酸根离子或强碱的阳离子:Na 、SO 、Cl 。24(4)与酸和碱均反应的是弱酸的酸根离子:HCO 。3

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