七年级数学上册第三章一元一次方程3.1从算式到方程3.1.2等式的性质同步测试(新版)新人教版.doc

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1、13.1.2 等式的性质1.解方程- x= ,应在方程两边( C )32(A)同乘以- (B)同除以23 23(C)同乘以- (D)同除以322.利用等式的性质解方程 +1=2 的结果是( A )(A)x=2 (B)x=-2 (C)x=4 (D)x=-43.下列说法正确的是( B )(A)在等式 ab=ac 两边都除以 a,可得 b=c(B)在等式 a=b 两边都除以 c2+1,得 =(C)在等式 = 两边都除以 a,可得 b=c(D)在等式 2a=2b-c 两边都除以 2,可得 a=b-c4.方程 3x-1=-10 的解是 x=-3 . 5.利用等式的性质解方程:(1)8+x=-5;(2)6

2、2x=16;(3)3x-4=11;(4)8x-6=9x+1.解:(1)两边减 8,得 x=-13.(2)两边减去 6,得-2x=10,两边除以-2,得 x=-5.(3)两边加 4,得 3x=15,两边除以 3,得 x=5.(4)两边加 6,再减去 9x,得-x=7,两边除以-1,得 x=-7.6.如果方程 2x+a=x-1 的解是 x=-4,求 3a-2 的值.解:把 x=-4 代入方程得-8+a=-4-1,解得 a=3,所以 3a-2=7.7.当 x 为何值时,式子 x-5 与 3x+1 的和等于 9?432解:列方程 x-5+3x+1=9,解得 x=3.438.等式(a-2)x 2+ax+1=0 是关于 x 的一元一次方程(即 x 为未知数),求这个方程的解.解:因为(a-2)x 2+ax+1=0 是一元一次方程,所以 a-2=0,解得 a=2,所以 2x+1=0,解得 x=- .129.能不能从(a+3)x=b-1 得到 x= ,为什么?反之,能不能从 x= 得到等式(a+3)x=b-1,为1+3 1+3什么?解:当 a=-3 时,从(a+3)x=b-1 不能得到 x= ,因为 0 不能为除数;当 a-3 时,从(a+3)1+3x=b-1 能得到 x= .而从 x= 可以得到等式(a+3)x=1+3 1+3b-1,这是根据等式的性质 2,且从 x= 可知 a+30.1+3

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