2018年高中数学第2章圆锥曲线与方程2.3.1双曲线的标准方程课件1苏教版选修2_1.ppt

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1、2.3.1 双曲线的标准方程,椭圆的定义,平面内到两定点F1,F2的距离的和等于常数 (大于F1F2 )的点的轨迹叫做椭圆,复习,|MF1|+|MF2|=2a( 2a|F1F2|), 两个定点F1,F2焦点;, |F1F2|=2c 焦距.,平面内到两定点F1,F2的距离的差的绝对值等于常数(小于F1F2的正数)的点的轨迹叫做双曲线.,双曲线定义,| |MF1|MF2| |2a(02a|F1F2|),求曲线方程的步骤:,双曲线的标准方程,1. 建系.,以F1,F2所在的直线为x轴,线段F1F2的中点为原点建立直角坐标系,2.设点,设M(x , y),则F1(c,0),F2 ( c,0),3.列式

2、,|MF1|MF2|=2a,4.化简,此即为焦点在x轴上的双曲线的标准方程,焦点在x轴上,焦点在y轴上,F(c,0),F( 0 ,c),c2=a2+b2,求适合下列条件的双曲线的标准方程:,例2,1a=4,b=3,焦点在x轴上; 2焦点为(0,6),(0,6), a=3 ; 3a= ,过点 ,焦点在x轴上,焦点在y轴上,F(c,0),F( 0 ,c),c2=a2+b2,看 前的系数,哪一个为正,则在哪一个轴上,解: 由声速及在A地听到炮弹爆炸声比在B地晚2s,可知A地与爆炸点的距离比B地与爆炸点的距离远680m.因为|AB|680m,所以爆炸点的轨迹是以A,B为焦点的双曲线在靠近B处的一支上.,例3 已知A,B两地相距800m,在A地听到炮弹爆炸声比在B地晚2s,且声速为340m/s,求炮弹爆炸点的轨迹方程.,如图所示,以A,B所在直线为x轴, 线段AB的垂线平分线为y轴,建立角坐标系xOy,设爆炸点P的坐标为(x,y),则,即 2a=680,a=340,因此炮弹爆炸点的轨迹方程为,双曲线与椭圆之间的区别与联系,F(c,0),F(c,0),a0,b0,但a不一定大于b, c 2=a2+b2,ab0,a2=b2+ c 2,|MF1|MF2|=2a,|MF1|MF2|=2a,F(0,c),F(0,c),

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