2018年高中数学第2章圆锥曲线与方程2.4.1抛物线的标准方程课件5苏教版选修2_1.ppt

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1、抛物线的标准方程,学习目标,1.掌握抛物线的定义,掌握抛物线的标准方程,能根据标准方程写出焦点坐标和准线方程; 2.能根据条件求抛物线的标准方程.,太阳灶,喷泉,一、情景引入,抛物线,抛物线的定义,平面内到一个定点F的距离和一条定直线L 的距离相等的点的轨迹.,焦点,准线,如何建立抛物线的方程?,二、合作释疑(一)建构数学,回顾椭圆、双曲线方程的建立过程:,步骤一:建系,步骤二:设点,步骤四:化简,步骤三:列式,能推导抛物线的标准方程?,长度p,你试试?,N,求曲线方程的步骤:,抛物线的标准方程,1. 建系.,2.设点,3.列式,PF=PH,4.化简,过F作直线F N l ,垂足为N 以F N

2、所在的直线为x轴,线段F N的中点为原点建立直角坐标系xoy,设焦点F到准线 l的距离为p,则F ,又设P(x , y)为抛物线上任意一点,作PH l ,垂足为H,抛物线的标准方程,把方程 y2 = 2px(p0)叫做抛物线的标准方程.,p的几何意义是:焦点到准线的距离.,思考:抛物线的标准方程还有其他形式吗?,四种抛物线的标准方程对比,形式上的特点?,三、数学应用,1.指出下列抛物线的焦点坐标和准线方程:,化为标准方程; 确定焦点所在的轴(定轴); 确定焦点的数值(定量).,合作释疑(二),求过点(1,-2)的抛物线的标准方程.,分两种情况,四、课堂达标,反思小结:这节课你学习了什么?,1.抛物线的定义; 2.抛物线的方程的建立; 3.由抛物线方程求焦点和准线; 4.由条件求抛物线的方程.,分类讨论,数形结合,四、合作释疑(二),三、自学导航,1.自学书本例题1,思考如何确定焦点坐标和准线方程?2.自学书本例题2,如果给你相似的条件你会求抛物线的方程吗?,注意解题规范,

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