八年级数学上册第十四章勾股定理14.1勾股定理14.1.3反证法作业(新版)华东师大版.doc

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1、114.1.3 反证法1.用反证法证明:“一个三角形中至多有一个钝角”时,应假设( )A 一个三角形中至少有两个钝角B 一个三角形中至多有一个钝角C 一个三角形中至少有一个钝角D 一个三角形中没有钝角2.用反证法证明:在四边形中,至少有一个角不小于 90,应先假设( )A 四边形中有一个内角小于 90B 四边形中每一个内角都小于 90C 四边形中有一个内角大于 90D 四边形中每一个内角都大于 903.对于圆内接四边形 ABCD,要证明:“如果 A C,那么 BD 不是直径”当用反证法证明时,第一步应是:假设( )A A C B A= C C BD 不是直径 D BD 是直径4.用反证法证明“

2、四边形的四个内角中至少有一个不小于 90”时第一步应假设( )A 四个角中最多有一个角不小于 90B 四个内角中至少有一个不大于 90C 四个内角全都小于 90D 以上都不对5.选择用反证法证明“已知:在 ABC 中, C=90求证: A, B 中至少有一个角不大于 45 ”时,应先假设( )A A45, B45 B A45, B45C A45, B45 D A45, B456.用反证法证明命题“若 x24,则 x2”的第一步应假设_7.用反证法证明命题“如果 a b, b c,那么 a c”时,应假设_8.用反证法证明命题“不相等的角不是对顶角”时,应假设_9.用反证法证明:两条直线被第三条

3、直线所截如果同旁内角不互补,那么这两条直线不平行已知:如图,直线 l1, l2被 l3所截,1+21802求证: l1与 l2不平行10.用反证法证明(填空):两条直线被第三条直线所截如果同旁内角互补,那么这两条直线平行已知:如图,直线 l1, l2被 l3所截,1+2=180求证: l1 l211.如图,在 ABC 中, AB=AC, P 是 ABC 内的一点,且 APB APC,求证: PB PC(反证法)参考答案:1.A2.B33.D4.C5.A6.x=27.a 不平行于 c8.不相等的角是对顶角9.证明:假设 l1 l2,则1+2=180(两直线平行,同旁内角互补) ,这与1+2180

4、矛盾,故假设_不成立所以结论成立, l1与 l2不平行10.证明:假设 l1不平行 l2,即 l1与 l2交与相交于一点 P则1+2+ P=180(三角形内角和定理) ,所以1+2180,这与1+2=180矛盾,故假设不成立所以结论成立, l1 l211.证明:假设 PB=PC AB=AC, ABC= ACB PB=PC, PBC= PCB ABC PBC= ACB PCB, ABP= ACP,在 ABP 和 ACP 中 ABP ACP, APB= APC这与题目中给定的 APB APC 矛盾, PB=PC 是不可能的4假设 PB PC, AB=AC, ABC= ACB PB PC, PCB PBC ABC PBC ACB PCB, ABP ACP,又 APB APC, ABP+ APB ACP+ APC,180 ABP APB180 ACP APC, BAP CAP,结合 AB=AC.AP=AP,得: PB PC这与假设的 PB PC 矛盾, PB PC 是不可能的综上所述,得: PB PC

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