1、12019 中考英语短文语法选择、首字母、阅读题金新选（7）一、阅读理解。A（2019 中考科普环保类选练）The world is not only hungry but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70%of the earths surface is covered with water. But about 97%of that is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3%of fresh w
2、ater from rivers, lakes, underground and so on. And we can not even use all of that because some of it has been made dirty.Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember how important water is. The water that we use is the most important natural resource on the earth. Today we f
3、ace serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too.How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First th
4、ey pollute the air. Then when it rains, the rain water makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain（酸雨）, is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world wont have enough dean water. We have to learn how to stop
5、 wasting water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water i used only once and then sere out into a sewer system（下水道）. From there it returns to the sea or goes underground.But even though every large city reused its water, we would still not have enou
6、gh. So we should make use of sea water by removing the salt in it. If we can take these steps, fresh water wont be used up.1. The world is thirsty for water because_.Awe dont have enough fresh waterBa lot of water goes into sewer systems2Conly 70% of the earths surface is waterDsea water is widely u
7、sed rather than fresh water2. The underlined word “face“ means“_“.Aturn the face down Bturn the face upCturn the face to Dturn the face back3. From this passage, we know acid rain_.Ais only bad for living thingsBis not bad for buildings and factoriesCcan be produced in factoriesDis bad for people, a
8、nimals, plants and buildings4. One difficult way we can solve the problem is to _.Ause the water with salt in it Bremove the salt from sea waterCget water from underground Dreuse the water in cities5. What is the best title for this passage?AFresh water and sea water BA thirsty countryCThe importanc
9、e of water DThe worlds water problem参考答案 ACDBDBDifferent countries have many different kinds of climate (气候)And in one big country people in different areas may often have different kinds of climates as well.The United States has many different kinds of climate.On the northwest coast (海岸)，the temper
10、ature changes very little between summer and winter.It is not hot or cold all the year around.But the people in the north central states have a very different kind of climate.In those states，people wear light clothes in summer，and in winter they need to wear heavy woolen clothes.In the southwest coa
11、st of the United States，temperatures in summer are very 3different from those in winter.Summer is usually hot，and winter is usually cold.In spring the temperatures are warm，and in fall temperatures are cool.Many years ago，people in the cold parts of the United States didnt often get fresh vegetables
12、 and fresh fruits during the summer.Today，however，trucks and trains carry fruits and vegetables very quickly to the cold parts of the United States.In this way，Americans“send their climates”to people in other states.( )6. The summer and winter temperatures are almost the same _.A. in the northeast o
13、f the United States B. on the north central statesC. in the west of the United States D. on the northwest coast( )7. In the north central states people wear _ clothes in summer and _clothes during the winter.A. silk; light B. light; heavy wollen C. wool; cotton D. wool; silk( )8. The word “temperatu
14、re”in this passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 湿度 B. 脾气 C. 气候 D. 温度( )9. Today people _ can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits.A. in the north central states B. in every part of the United StatesC. in the cold parts of the United States D. in the southwest part of the United States( )10. From the pas
15、sage we know that the climate of the United States _.A. is always very cold B. is warm in winterC. is widely different D. changes very little between summer and winter参考答案 610 D B D C C C（2019 年选练-科普环保类）When you look up into the sky at night, have you ever felt that your eyes are playing tricks on (
16、捉弄) you? It seems that the stars are moving all the time.Actually, there is nothing wrong with your eyes. This twinkling effect is called scintillation (交光). Scintillation happens because of air movements in the earths atmosphere (大气). Light is “bent (弯曲的)” when it travels 4through different parts o
17、f the earths atmosphere. As the air in the earths atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, if you look at the road, the image in the distance is not clear and things move
18、 slightly. You can also see the same effect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. A telescope (望远镜) was sent into space so that the air
19、 movements in the atmosphere could be avoided (避免). It took a long time to build the space telescope but finally in 1990, a huge space telescope called the Hubble Space Telescope was successfully sent into space. Since then, astronomers have many important observations that have helped people unders
20、tand space better.根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。1What happens to the light from the stars we see when the air in the earths atmosphere is moving? A. It looks even brighter.B. It looks as if it is bent.C. It looks as if it is moving.D. It looks like drops of rain.2Scintillation also happens on according to the passa
21、ge. A. rainy days B. shiny daysC. cloudy days D. windy days3What can you see when you drop a rock into the water? A. The rock gets broken.B. The rock becomes unclear.C. The water becomes much polluted.D. The water does not move anymore.4The underlined word “observe” means “ ”.5A. watch B. listen C.
22、draw D. explain5Why is scintillation a problem for astronomers? A. The stars never stay still.B. It makes the stars too dark to see.C. It makes astronomers feel too hot to work.D. Astronomers cannot observe the stars clearly.【参考答案】1C 2B 3B 4A 5D【解析】试题分析：这篇短文主要介绍了发生在大气中的一种重要的自然现象交光现象，短文详细的介绍了这种现象的科学原
23、理及其对宇航员工作的影响。1根据第二段 As the air in the earths atmosphere is moving all the time, the light from the stars looks as if it is moving too.描述，可知它看起来好像在移动，故选 C。2根据第三段 The same thing also happens to things on the ground. On a very hot and shiny day, 描述，可知交光现象也可能发生在白天，故选 B。3根据第三段 You can also see the same e
24、ffect if you drop a rock into water. The rock appears a little unclear under the moving water.描述，可知石头变得看不清楚了。故选 B。4联系上下文，可知此处指的是，由于他们不能清楚地观察到星星。故选 A，观察。5根据最后一段 This twinkling effect causes a lot of problems for astronomers (天文学家) since they cannot observe the stars clearly. 描述，可知因此宇航员就不能清晰地观察星星了。故选
25、D。考点：科普类说明文阅读点评：本文浅显易懂，各个小题都能在文中找到适当依据。只要认真阅读短文，注意前后联系，就能顺利完成阅读。文章所设试题主要考察细节查找，做题关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查小题和原文的异同。二、语法选择。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从 1-15 各题所给的6A、B、C、D 项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Last summer holidays, my classmates and I helped with a charity show. Its aim was to raise money for those children _1_
26、 couldnt go to school in poor areas. It was very meaningful for us to do it.We did a lot for that. I felt happy when I _2_ to be the host. Though it was exciting, I was _3_ nervous because of the TV cameras that I couldnt sleep all night. I knew that lots of people _4_ to watch the show, also there
27、would be a large audience in _5_ front of the TV. As a few famous stars would come to the show, one of my duties _6_ to introduce each of them. I also had some _7_ things to do. So I often worked _8_ morning to night. It was hard work, _9_ I was happy. I practiced a lot before the show. I had to rem
28、ember all the words and do _10_ right at the same time. At first, I thought I would never be able to do it better. I kept _11_ myself not to be nervous.Slowly everything became easier. The big day came very fast. _12_ people came to the show. They donated money and materials. And the local business
29、also gave _13_ a lot of support. How generous they are! After the show, we sent the donations to those poor children. Soon they wrote back. They were really grateful to us. I was very proud _14_ I could help them. I hope_15_ people will always help them.1. A. which B. whom C. who D. whose 2. A. choo
30、se B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen 3. A. very B. so C. too D. such 4. A. come B. will come C. coming D. would come 5. A. a B. an C. the D. / 6. A. is B. was C. are D. were 7. A. other B. others C. the other D. another 8. A. from B. in C. at D. on 9. A. or B. but C. and D. so 710. A. something B.
31、 anything C. nothing D. everything 11. A. tell B. telling C. told D. to tell 12. A. Hundred B. Hundreds of C . Hundred of D. Two hundreds of 13. A. we B. us C. our D. ourselves 14. A.of B. which C. what D. that15 . A. many and many B. more and many C. more and more D. much and much参考答案 15 CDBDC 610
32、BAABD 1115 BBBDC三、短文首字母填空。.根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空限填一词。 Have you ever complained why life is so tiring? Does the sky sometimes seems d_1_to you? Well, friends, cheer up and smile all the time. If you see the world with your warm heart, you will find the whole world _2_ to you.On a sunny morni
33、ng, you plan to have a walk to relax y_3_. Just before you go out, it s_4_starts to rain. Maybe you would feel very sad and start to complain about the weather. But dear friends, why not sit down and e_5_ the free concert that the nature brings you? And with the timely rain, crops in the fields will
34、 grow better and farmers will have a good harvest.A_6_everyone wants to succeed in what he tries to do; life isnt a bed of roses. Its very common to meet difficulties on the w_7_to success. In fact, difficulty isnt terrible. The real terrible thing is that we are afraid of it. Difficulty is l_8_a sp
35、ring (弹簧). If you are w_9_, it will be strong. So when you meet difficulties, dont give up. Instead, you should face them with a smile.Attitude(态度) d_100_ everything. With an optimistic (乐观的) attitude, life is easy and pleasant. 1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5._6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _8【参考答案】1. dark 2. smiling 3. yourself 4. suddenly 5. enjoy6. Although 7. way 8. like 9. weak 10.decides
