1、INTERNATIONAL STANDARD IEC 60489-1 1983 AMENDMENT 2 1999-05 Amendment 2 Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services - Part 1 : General definitions and standard conditions of measurement Amendement 2 Mthodes de mesure applicables au matriel de radiocommunication utilis dans
2、 les services mobiles - Partie I: Dfinitions gnrales et conditions normales de mesure O IEC 1999 - Copyright - all rights reserved International Electrotechnical Commission Telefax: +41 22 919 0300 3, rue de Varemb Geneva, Switzerland IEC web site http:/www.iec.ch e-mail: inrnail iec.ch Commission E
3、lectrotechnique Internationale PRICECODE u International Electrotechnical Commission MemAyHapOpHa!4 3nenpoextiueca KOMHCCHR O For price. see current catalogue STD-IEC bq87-L-ENGL 1983 M 98qi191 0703951 32b D -2- 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:1999(E) FOREWORD This amendment has been prepared by IEC technica
4、l committee 102: Equipment used in radio communications for mobile services and for satellite communication systems. The text of this amendment is based on I FDIS I Report on voting I I I 102/41/FDIS 102/49/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this amendment can be found in the rep
5、ort on voting indicated in the above table. A bilingual version of this amendment may be issued at a later date. Add the following reference to the list of “Other IEC publications quoted in this standard“: IEC 60489-8: 1984, Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services - Pa
6、rt 8: Antennas Page 54 Add the following Annex A after figure 3. Annex A (normative) Guide for the use of test sites and radio-frequency coupling devices (RFCDs) A.l General Test sites are basic means to perform radiation measurements. Radio-frequency coupling devices (RFCDs) are means generally des
7、igned to perform many equipment radiation measurements economically, using the same measuring method as equipment with antenna terminals. This annex describes low reflection test sites (LRTS) and anechoic chambers (AC) for upper frequency limit extension and interference-free measurements, as well a
8、s random field measurement sites for measurements similar in the real field and for measurement equipment with a diversity antenna. TEM cells and GTEM cells are also described for wideband upper- frequency limit extension and interference-free measurements. The evaluation measurement of a test site
9、is the method to judge whether a test site construction satisfies the required conditions and is introduced for LRTS, AC and RFM sites in this annex. The evaluation measurement for OATS was studied, but not introduced because the available evaluation measurement required important measurement condit
10、ion changes. 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:1999(E) -3- Test sites OATS: Open area test site The calibration method for a test site is the process for determining the numerical relationship between equipment radiation power and the observed output of a radio-frequency signal generator which replaces the EUT
11、 during the substitution measurement, or the numerical relationship between the field strength where the EUT is placed and the indication of the selective measuring device with the calibration antenna. Advantages Disadvantages Low construction cost Available for large size EUT Includes ground reflec
12、tion effects Needs a lot of space Interference from others Weather dependency Measurement fluctuation is relatively high at frequencies higher than 1 GHz RFCDs were originally used only for ratio measurement of equipment. receiving radio-frequency electromagnetic energy. The radiation sensitivity me
13、asured in the RFCD was called “the reference sensitivity (RFCD)“ and defined as the level of RFCD input signal in microvolts (pV). This annex also describes calibration methods. Calibration is the procedure for determining the numerical relationship between RFCD input or output voltage and the equiv
14、alent field strength where the EUT is placed, or the radiated power of the EUT. RFCDs should be principally calibrated. Therefore, RFCDs need no evaluation measurement. Test site overview and overview of RFCDs are shown in tables A.l and A.2 respectively. Table A.l - Test site overview LRTS: Low ref
15、lection test site AC: Anechoic chamber RFM: Random field measurement site Clear and flexible evaluation criterion Possible to reduce error Wide frequency range Available for large size EUT No influence of ground reflections No interference No weather dependency No influence of ground reflections Few
16、 construction site requirements (anywhere) Evaluation of real world antenna efficiency Clear and flexible evaluation criterion Available for the evaluation of diversity antenna Does not reflect reality Is affected by absorber size Interference from others Limited lower frequency Limited EUT size Exp
17、ensive, especially for low frequency Needs many measurement values and their calculation STD-IEC b0489-1-ENGL L983 4A4487L U703953 LT9 m RFCDs Maximum size of EUT mm -4- 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:1999(E) Features Test fixture Wideband RFCDs Stripline arrangement I Narrowband RFCD (Only for specific EUT
18、) Not expensive Only for specific EUT Only for specific or approximate frequency More than twice frequency range Can be constructed with detailed Influence of surroundings Limited frequency range 200 I x 200 b x 250 h for maximum frequency of 200 MHz information 400 I x 400 b x 500 h for maximum fre
19、quency of i00 MHz I Available in small size I - TEM cell i00 I x 150 b x 50 h for maximum frequency of 500 MHz 200 I x 300 b x 100 h for maximum frequency of 250 MHz No influence from surroundings Limited frequency range t 300 I x 300 b x 200 h to greater than 5 GHz or 1 O00 I x 1 O00 b x 500 h to N
20、o influence from surroundings Wide frequency range GTEM cell greater than 5 GHz NOTE - A certain manufacturer specifies d.c. to 17 GHz for the frequency range of a GTEM cell. A.l.l Abbreviations: AC ETSI EUT GTEM LRTS OATS RFCD RFM TEM Anechoic chamber European Telecommunication Standards Institute
21、Equipment under test GHz TEM Low reflection test site Open area test site Radio-frequency coupling device Random field measurement Transverse electromagnetic mode A.2 Test sites A.2.1 Introduction, outline and selection of test sites The radiation characteristics of equipment are measured at test si
22、tes. Both equipment emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic energy and equipment receiving it can be measured. Emission measurements can be made for all radio-frequency parameters pertaining to radiated radio- frequency electromagnetic energy, for example, transmitter radiated power, transmitter ra
23、diated spurious power, receiver radiated spurious power. Receiver measurements can be made for all radio-frequency parameters pertaining to received radio-frequency electro- magnetic energy, for example, receiver radiation sensitivity. OAT% are the classic test sites and have been left as before. AC
24、s are already widely used, and the new evaluation measurement has been introduced. LRTS and RFM site are newly introduced test sites. Both LRTS and RFM sites have clear and flexible evaluation criteria which allow for easy appraisal of conformity to construction requirements. 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:
25、1999(E) -5- Nominal site attenuation Nominal site attenuation All test sites use the substitution method for emission measurements and this reduces measurement error. The EUT is to be substituted with a half-wave dipole antenna and a radio- frequency signal generator. The field strength in receiver
26、measurements is to be measured by the calibration antenna and the selective measuring device. 12 dB to 38 dB for 100 MHz 32 dB to 58 dB for 1 O00 MHz A guide for the selection of test sites is shown in table A.l Characteristics A.2.2 Open area test site (OATS) Limits for a 30 m test site A.2.2.1 Gen
27、eral Equipment size limits Open area test sites are applicable to all kinds of measurements on mobile radio equipment in areas where no interfering radio services are operating, and no other radio services may interfere with the propagation of the measuring frequencies power used on the test site. I
28、n other cases indoor test sites are recommended. 6 m, including the antenna On an OATS, the measuring antenna or the calibration antenna receives the combination of a direct wave and a ground reflected wave. By contrast, the measuring antenna or the calibration antenna on the LRTS receives only a di
29、rect wave, while the ground reflection is suppressed. Measuring distances of 3 m and 30 m are applied for OATS. Emission measurements can be made on any measuring distance for all radio parameters concerning radiated electromagnetic energy, for example, transmitter radiated power, transmitter radiat
30、ed spurious power, receiver radiated spurious power. The shorter measuring distance test site can measure low power. The longer one can measure a large size of EUT and lower frequency. Receiver measurements can be made only on 30 m test site for all radio parameters concerning received electromagnet
31、ic energy, for example, receiver radiation sensitivity. The 3 m test site has great field gradient in higher frequencies. A.2.2.2 Test site characteristics I Limits for a 3 m test site I Characteristics I I Useful frequency range I100 MHz to 1 O00 MHz I Equipment size limits 0,6 m maximum, including
32、 the antenna NOTE - The nominal attenuation of the test site for a half-wave dipole is 18 dB for 100 MHz and 38 dB for 1 O00 MHz. The actual attenuation may vary due to ground reflections. I Useful frequency range I25 MHz to 1 O00 MHz I Nominal site attenuation I20 dB to 46 dB for 25 MHz I Nominal s
33、ite attenuation 152 dB to 78 dB for 1 O00 MHz -6- 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:1999(E) A.2.2.3 Basic measuring procedure A.2.2.3.1 Transmitter emission measurements Place the transmitter under test on the platform. Orientate the measuring antenna so that it has the same polarization as the transmitter. Or
34、ientate the transmitter so that an intended direction is perpendicular to the direction of the measuring antenna and operate the transmitter. Tune the selective measuring device to the radiated power component. Raise and lower the measuring antenna to obtain the maximum indication on the selective m
35、easuring device. Note the maximum indication. Substitute the auxiliary antenna and the radio-frequency signal generator for the transmitter under test. Adjust the measuring antenna height to the maximum point where reading in the selective measuring device can be obtained. Adjust or calculate the ra
36、dio-frequency signal generator output level to the level obtained in step c). This level is the radiated power of the transmitter under test for an intended direction. NOTE 1 - The selection of the measuring distance and the connection of the equipment in the test site are not included in the above
37、steps. NOTE 2 - The measuring antenna height in step c) and step d) may vary. The measuring antenna height in step c) for another intended direction may differ from the original. A.2.2.3.2 Receiver measurement receiving radio-frequency electromagnetic energy Calibrate the radio-frequency signal gene
38、rator level to the electromagnetic field strength received by the calibration antenna and the selective measuring device. It should be confirmed that the transmitting antenna is less dependent upon small changes in antenna height before the calibration. Replace the calibration antenna and the select
39、ive measuring device by a receiver under test. Orientate the receiver so that an intended direction is perpendicular to the direction of the transmitting antenna and operate the receiver. Adjust the signal generator level to the level which just satisfies the receiver radiation sensitivity according
40、 to the sensitivity measurement procedure. Read or calculate the average of signal generator level and convert it to the calibrated level. This level is the radiation sensitivity of the receiver in an intended direction. NOTE - Connection of the equipment in the test site is not included in the abov
41、e steps. The measuring distance is 30 m. A.2.2.4 Construction of a radiation test site The measuring arrangement for equipment emitting radio-frequency electromagnetic energy is shown in figure A.l. The measuring arrangement for equipment receiving electromagnetic energy is shown in figure A.2. The
42、radiation test site shall be on ground level having uniform electrical characteristics and being free from reflecting objects over an area as wide as possible, to ensure that the extraneous electromagnetic fields do not affect the accuracy and repeatability of the test results. A.2.2.4.1 3 m test si
43、te A continuous ground screen (either sheet metal or wire mesh having openings no greater than 10 mm, which should maintain good electrical contact between the wire) shall be used to establish a uniformly conducting earth over part of the test site. The turntable shall be metallic and shall be flush
44、 with the ground screen. The minimum ground screen area is shown in figure A.3. 60489-1 Amend. 2 O IEC:1999(E) -7- A.2.2.4.2 30 m test site The minimum boundary of the test site shall be an ellipse having a major axis equal to 60 m and a minor axis equal to 52 m. The EUT and the measuring antenna or
45、 the transmitting antenna shall be located at the foci. No extraneous conducting objects having any dimensions in excess of 50 mm shall be in the immediate vicinity of either the EUT or the antennas. The test site shall have a turntable and a support for the measuring antenna. The measuring distance
46、 is the distance in the horizontal plane between the central vertical axis of the turntable and the central vertical axis of the measuring antenna. A shelter may be provided for the whole or a part of the test site. All such constructions having any dimensions greater than 50 mm should be of wood, p
47、lastic, or other non-conducting material. Wood shall be impregnated to ensure minimum water absorption. All test equipment, if located above ground, shall be powered preferably by batteries. If the equipment is powered by mains, each of the supply cables shall be provided with a suitable radio-frequ
48、ency filter. The cable connecting the filter and the measuring equipment shall be as short as possible and shielded. The cable connecting the filter and mains shall either be shielded and grounded, or buried to a depth of approximately 300 mm. A.2.2.5 Position of the EUT The equipment with its cabin
49、et or housing in which it is normally operated shall be placed on a horizontal platform, the upper side of which is 1,50 m above the ground. The platform and its support shall be made of non-conductive material. For equipment with an integral antenna, the equipment shall be placed on the platform in a position which is closest to that in normal use. Equipment having a rigid external antenna shall be mounted so that the antenna is in a vertical position. Equipment having a non-rigid external antenna shall be mounted vertically, using a non-condu
