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10、tion or need further assistance, please contact the Customer Service Centre: csciec.ch. IEC 61724-1 Edition 1.0 2017-03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Photovoltaic system performance Part 1: Monitoring INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-3988-9 Registered trademark of the In
11、ternational Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. 2 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 INTRODUCTION . 7 1 Scope 9 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Monitoring system classification 13 5 Gener
12、al . 13 5.1 Measurement uncertainty 13 5.2 Calibration 14 5.3 Repeated elements . 14 5.4 Power consumption. 14 5.5 Documentation 14 5.6 Inspection . 14 6 Data acquisition timing and reporting . 15 6.1 Sampling, recording, and reporting . 15 6.2 Timestamps 16 7 Measured parameters 16 7.1 General requ
13、irements . 16 7.2 Irradiance . 20 7.2.1 On-site irradiance measurement 20 7.2.2 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance 25 7.3 Environmental factors . 26 7.3.1 PV module temperature . 26 7.3.2 Ambient air temperature 27 7.3.3 Wind speed and direction 27 7.3.4 Soiling ratio . 28 7.3.5 Rainfall 30 7.3.
14、6 Snow . 30 7.3.7 Humidity 30 7.4 Tracker system . 31 7.4.1 Single-axis trackers . 31 7.4.2 Dual-axis trackers for 20x systems 31 7.5 Electrical measurements . 31 7.6 External system requirements . 32 8 Data processing and quality check 32 8.1 Daylight hours . 32 8.2 Quality check 33 8.2.1 Removing
15、invalid readings . 33 8.2.2 Treatment of missing data . 33 9 Calculated parameters . 33 9.1 Overview 33 9.2 Summations 34 9.3 Irradiation . 34 9.4 Electrical energy . 35 9.4.1 General . 35 9.4.2 DC output energy 35 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 3 9.4.3 AC output energy . 35 9.5 Array power rating 35 9.5
16、1 DC power rating. 35 9.5.2 AC power rating . 35 9.6 Yields . 35 9.6.1 General . 35 9.6.2 PV array energy yield 36 9.6.3 Final system yield 36 9.6.4 Reference yield . 36 9.7 Yield losses 36 9.7.1 General . 36 9.7.2 Array capture loss . 36 9.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss 36 9.8 Efficiencies . 37
17、 9.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency . 37 9.8.2 System (AC) efficiency 37 9.8.3 BOS efficiency . 37 10 Performance metrics 37 10.1 Overview 37 10.2 Summations 38 10.3 Performance ratios . 38 10.3.1 Performance ratio 38 10.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios 39 10.4 Performance indices . 40 11 Data
18、filtering 41 11.1 Use of available data 41 11.2 Filtering data to specific conditions . 41 11.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability 41 Annex A (informative) Sampling interval 42 A.1 General considerations . 42 A.2 Time constants . 42 A.3 Aliasing error 42 A.4 Example . 43 Annex B (informati
19、ve) Module backsheet temperature sensor selection and attachment 44 B.1 Objective 44 B.2 Sensor and material selection . 44 B.2.1 Optimal sensor types . 44 B.2.2 Optimal tapes 44 B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity 44 B.3 Sensor attachment method . 45 B.3.1 Permanent versus tempora
20、ry . 45 B.3.2 Attachment location . 45 B.3.3 Sensor attachment. 45 Annex C (informative) Derate factors . 48 Annex D (normative) Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources . 49 D.1 System types 49 D.2 Parameters and formulas 51 4 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 Bibliography 57 Figure 1 Possib
21、le elements of PV systems . 7 Figure 2 Sampling, recording, and reporting. 15 Figure B.1 Sensor attachment, permanent . 46 Figure B.2 Sensor attachment, temporary 46 Figure B.3 Sensor element wire strain relief . 46 Figure D.1 Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types . 49 T
22、able 1 Monitoring system classifications and suggested applications . 13 Table 2 Sampling and recording interval requirements . 16 Table 3 Measured parameters and requirements for each monitoring system class 18 Table 4 Relation between system size (AC) and number of sensors for specific sensors ref
23、erenced in Table 3 . 20 Table 5 Sensor choices and requirements for in-plane and global irradiance . 21 Table 6 Irradiance sensor alignment accuracy . 22 Table 7 Irradiance sensor maintenance requirements 23 Table 8 PV module temperature sensor maintenance requirements . 26 Table 9 Ambient air tempe
24、rature sensor maintenance requirements 27 Table 10 Wind sensor maintenance requirements 28 Table 11 Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements . 32 Table 12 Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements 32 Table 13 Calculated parameters 34 Table 14 Performance metrics . 38 Table
25、D.1 Elements of different PV system types . 50 Table D.2 Parameters and equations for different system types . 51 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM PERFORMANCE Part 1: Monitoring FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
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36、he subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61724-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82: Solar photovoltaic energy systems. This first edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61724,
37、 published in 1998. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition (in conjunction with IEC TS 61724-2:2016 and IEC TS 61724-3:2016) includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 61724: a) IEC 61724 is now written with multiple parts. This document is IEC 6172
38、4-1, addressing PV system monitoring. IEC TS 61724-2 and IEC TS 61724-3 address performance analysis based on the monitoring data. b) Three classes of monitoring systems are defined corresponding to different levels of accuracy and different intended applications. c) Required measurements for each c
39、lass of monitoring system are stated, along with the required number and accuracy of sensors. 6 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 d) Options for satellite-based irradiance measurement are provided. e) Soiling measurement is introduced. f) New performance metrics are introduced, including temperature compens
40、ated performance ratios and others. g) Numerous recommendations and explanatory notes are included. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 82/1215/FDIS 82/1248/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be foun
41、d in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 61724 series, published under the general title Photovoltaic system performance, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has
42、 decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific document. At this date, the document will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A
43、bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 7 INTRODUCTION This International Standard defines classes of photovoltaic (PV) performance monitoring systems and serves as guidance for various monitoring system choices. Figure 1 illustrates possible ma
44、jor elements comprising different PV system types. The PV array may include both fixed axis and tracking systems and both flat plate and concentrator systems. Module-level electronics, if present, may be a component of the monitoring system. For simplicity, the main clauses of this document are writ
45、ten for grid-connected systems without local loads, energy storage, or auxiliary sources, as shown by the bold lines in Figure 1. Annex D includes details for systems with additional components. Key RNE renewable energy PCE power conditioning equipment BDI bi-directional inverter GCI grid-connected
46、inverter Bold lines denote simple grid-connected system without local loads, energy storage, or auxiliary sources. Figure 1 Possible elements of PV systems The purposes of a performance monitoring system are diverse and can include the following: Back up source(s) on AC Other RNE source(s) on AC Loa
47、d(s) on AC Utility grid line I BUac , V BUacP BUacAC DC P REacP LacI Lac , V LacI TL,dcc , P TL,dccI TB,ac , P TB,acI TG , P TGI FG , P FGV GV PacI FPac , P FPacI TPac , P TPacI Aac,ac , V Aac,acP Aac,acPCE-GCI PCE-BDI I TP , P TPV PdcI FP , P FPP Adc,acI Adc,ac , V Adc,acI Ldc , V LdcP LdcI BUdc ,
48、V BUdcP BUdcP REdcV S , I FS , P FSI TS , P TSP Adc,dcI Adc,dc , V Adc,dcLoad(s) on DC Back up source(s) on DC Other RNE source(s) on DC Energy storage PV array PV array G i G iIEC 8 IEC 61724-1:2017 IEC 2017 identification of performance trends in an individual PV system; localization of potential
49、faults in a PV system; comparison of PV system performance to design expectations and guarantees; comparison of PV systems of different configurations; and comparison of PV systems at different locations. These diverse purposes give rise to a diverse set of requirements, and different sensors and/or analysis methods may be more or less suited depending on the specific objective. For example, for comparing performance to design expectations and guarantees, th
