1、 IEC/TR 62152 Edition 2.0 2009-12 TECHNICAL REPORT Transmission properties of cascaded two-ports or quadripols - Background of terms and definitions IEC/TR 62152:2009(E) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwis
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10、0 2009-12 TECHNICAL REPORT Transmission properties of cascaded two-ports or quadripols - Background of terms and definitions INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION XB ICS 31.020 PRICE CODE ISBN 2-8318-1068-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission colour inside 2 TR
11、62152 IEC:2009(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD.4 1 Scope.6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms, definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms .6 3.1 Definitions.6 3.2 Terms, symbols, units and abbreviated terms7 4 Transfer functions and complex attenuations or losses of a two-port 10 4.1 General remarks10 4.
12、2 Operational transfer function ( B T ) .11 4.2.1 Image transfer function ( T ) .11 4.2.2 Insertion transfer function ( B T ) 11 4.3 Complex attenuation .11 4.3.1 Complex operational attenuation ( B )(Komplexe Betriebs-Dmpfung) 11 4.3.2 Complex image attenuation ( )(Komplexe Wellen-Dmpfung) 12 4.3.3
13、 Complex insertion attenuation or loss ( B )(Komplexe Einfge- Dmpfung).12 Annex A (normative) Concepts of normalized voltage waves, square root of power waves and operational attenuation and losses .13 Annex B (normative) Image transmission parameters/quantities of a two-port and transmission line a
14、pproximations 22 Annex C (normative) Two-port theory and fundamental concepts in transmission engineering.24 Bibliography61 Figure 1 Defining the transfer functions of a two-port .11 Figure A.1 Reflection at a junction .16 Figure A.2 Constant value A sand A rcurves on a complex plane z = x + jy16 Fi
15、gure A.3 Two-port representation of a transmission line17 Figure A.4 Coupling between two systems.19 Figure C.1 A two-port or quadripole .24 Figure C.2 An impedance-unsymmetrical two-port (a) with its equivalent circuit (b)26 Figure C.3 Two chained two-ports27 Figure C.4 An impedance-symmetrical two
16、-port with Z 1= Z 2 , when Z A= Z B .29 Figure C.5 An impedance-unsymmetrical two-port for which Z 1 Z 2 when Z A= Z B .29 Figure C.6 A two-port terminated with an impedance Z B .30 Figure C.7 Reflection loss matching.32 Figure C.8 Power matching for maximizing the effective power 32 Figure C.9 Abso
17、lute and nominal level in a system 34 Figure C.10 Definition of the complex image attenuation of a two-port 34 Figure C.11 Definition of the complex operational attenuation of a two-port .35 Figure C.12 Definition of residual attenuation.36 Figure C.13 Measurement of the sending reference equivalent
18、 37 Figure C.14 Measurement of the receiving reference equivalent 37 TR 62152 IEC:2009(E) 3 Figure C.15 Definition of the complex return loss.38 Figure C.16 Apollonius circle.39 Figure C.17 Return loss .40 Figure C.18 Curves for constant values of A s or A r in the complex plane .42 Figure C.19 Curv
19、es for constant values of A s or A r in the complex plane .43 Figure C.20 Smith chart for transmission lines .44 Figure C.21 A one-port 45 Figure C.22 Homogenous transmission line .46 Figure C.23 One-port fed from a generator with source impedance Z g .47 Figure C.24 A two-port.49 Figure C.25 Termin
20、ation Z B by virtue of the scattering parameters of the two-port .50 Figure C.26 Ideal transformer 53 Figure C.27 Scattering matrix of a passive reciprocal two-port.55 Figure C.28 A two-port.58 Figure C.29 The insertion of a two-port into a network and the deviations caused to the operational parame
21、ters. 59 Figure C.30 Power wave schematic for S and T matrix parameters 60 Table B.1 Transmission quantities of a two-port and homogeneous transmission line 23 4 TR 62152 IEC:2009(E) INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ BACKGROUND OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF CASCADED TWO-PORTS FOREWORD 1) The
22、 International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and
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31、 or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
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33、 a technical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC 62152, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46: Cables, wires, waveguides, r.f. connectors,
34、r.f. and microwave passive components and accessories. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 46/283/DTR 46/300/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated i
35、n the above table. TR 62152 IEC:2009(E) 5 This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004 and constitutes some technical improvements. Important terms and definitions have been added. Some of the terms are better described in the German language and also many countries h
36、ave originally taken terms and definitions from German and translated them into their own language. Therefore important terms have been added in German in the form of a footnote. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the c
37、ontents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A
38、bilingual edition of this document may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document usin
39、g a colour printer. 6 TR 62152 IEC:2009(E) BACKGROUND OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS OF CASCADED TWO-PORTS 1 Scope It is important and practical that components of a transmission chain can be separated and tested separately. To accomplish this, well-defined interfaces and measuring techniques, including a
40、greed terms and definitions, are required. This technical report has two main goals. It lays the foundation for agreement on the fundamental terms and definitions to be used world-wide in describing the transmission properties of a two-port or quadripole. The report builds a bridge between the class
41、ical quadripole theory and the scattering matrix presentation which is based on incident and reflecting square root of power waves at the input and output of a two-port. Finally, it is shown that the two concepts are bound together through simple equations and are fundamentally identical. The quadri
42、pole theory was originally developed for voice- and carrier-frequency technologies and transmission, and later for microwaves, but both can be used through the whole frequency range. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
43、 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-726, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 726: Transmission lines and waveguides IEC 61156-1, Multicore and symmetrical
44、pair/quad cables for digital communications Part 1: Generic specification IEC/TR 61156-1-2, Multicore and symmetrical pair/quad cables for digital communications Part 1-2: Electrical transmission characteristics and test methods of symmetrical pair/quad cables used for digital communications 3 Terms
45、 and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-726, IEC 61156-1, IEC/TR 61156-1-2, as well as the following defintions, apply. 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.1.1 complex operational attenuation 1quotient of the unre
46、flected square root of the power wave fed into the reference impedance 1 R of the input of the two-port and the square root of the power wave consumed by the load 2 R of the two-port expressed in dB and radians 1Komplexe Betriebs-Dmpfung. TR 62152 IEC:2009(E) 7 NOTE By defining a new quantity, opera
47、tional insertion loss, which is the same as the operational attenuation when the reference impedances on both sides of the two-port are the same 1 R = 2 R , the problem of insertion loss and operational attenuation is solved in most usual cases. 3.1.2 complex operational insertion loss 2quotient of
48、the unreflected square root of the power wave fed into the reference impedance 1 R of the measurement system and the square root of the power wave consumed by the load 1 R of the two-port expressed in dB and radians NOTE In the IEV, insertion loss is understood as the loss produced by inserting a tw
49、o-port into a separated point of the transmission chain. Because of varying impedances along the transmission line, it leads to deviation in the overall losses depending on where in the chain the two-port is inserted. This is called insertion loss deviation (ILD). In “complex operational insertion loss” the reference impedances at both sides of the two-port are equal. 3.2 Symbols, units an
