1、 IEC 60079-29-2 Edition 2.0 2015-03 REDLINE VERSION Explosive atmospheres Part 29-2: Gas detectors Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen IEC 60079-29-2:2015-03 RLV(en) colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2015 IEC, Geneva,
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11、tectors Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 29.260.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-2455-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication
12、from an authorized distributor. colour inside 2 IEC 60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 8 INTRODUCTION . 11 1 Scope 13 2 Normative references 14 3 Terms and definitions 15 3.1 Gas properties and other physics 15 3.2 Types of equipment 17 3.3 Sensors and detectors 18 3.4 Supply of gas to
13、 instruments . 20 3.5 Signals and alarms . 20 3.6 Times, checks and equipment behaviour . 21 3.7 Terms exclusive to open path equipment 22 4 Basic information on the properties, behaviour, and detection of gases and vapours, and specific applications of gas detection 24 4.1 Detecting gases and vapou
14、rs General 24 4.1.1 General . 24 4.1.2 Safety when monitoring for flammable gases where personnel could be present 25 4.2 Some common properties of gases and vapours . 26 4.3 The differences between detecting gases and vapours . 27 4.3.1 General . 27 4.3.2 Detection of gases . 27 4.3.3 Detection of
15、vapours 29 4.4 Oxygen deficiency. 32 4.4.1 General . 32 4.4.2 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with solid products . 32 4.4.3 Chemical reaction of oxygen, with gaseous products . 33 4.4.4 Dilution of the air by displacement by some other gas or vapour 33 4.5 Specific applications of gas detection . 34 4
16、.5.1 Gas detection as means of reducing risk of explosion 34 4.5.2 Gas free work permit . 36 4.5.3 Monitoring of air inlets . 37 4.6 Specific considerations for open path detection 38 5 Measuring principles 39 5.1 General . 39 5.2 Catalytic sensors 41 5.2.1 General . 41 5.2.2 Common applications 41
17、5.2.3 Limitations . 41 5.2.4 Interferences . 42 5.2.5 Poisoning 42 5.3 Thermal conductivity sensors 43 5.3.1 General . 43 5.3.2 Common applications 43 5.3.3 Limitations . 44 5.3.4 Interferences . 44 IEC 60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 3 5.3.5 Poisoning 44 5.4 Infrared sensors 44 5.4.1 General . 44 5.4.
18、2 Common applications 45 5.4.3 Limitations . 45 5.4.4 Interferences . 46 5.4.5 Poisoning 46 5.5 Semiconductor sensors . 46 5.5.1 General . 46 5.5.2 Common applications 46 5.5.3 Limitations . 47 5.5.4 Interferences . 47 5.5.5 Poisoning 47 5.6 Electrochemical sensors . 48 5.6.1 General . 48 5.6.2 Comm
19、on applications 48 5.6.3 Limitations . 48 5.6.4 Interferences . 49 5.6.5 Poisoning 49 5.7 Flame ionization detectors (FID) . 49 5.7.1 General . 49 5.7.2 Common applications 49 5.7.3 Limitations . 50 5.7.4 Interferences . 50 5.7.5 Poisoning 50 5.8 Flame temperature analysers (FTA) 50 5.8.1 General .
20、50 5.8.2 Common applications 50 5.8.3 Limitations . 50 5.8.4 Interferences . 51 5.8.5 Poisoning 51 5.9 Photo ionisation detector (PID) . 51 5.9.1 General . 51 5.9.2 Common applications 51 5.9.3 Limitations . 51 5.9.4 Interferences . 52 5.9.5 Poisoning 52 5.10 Paramagnetic oxygen detector 52 5.10.1 G
21、eneral . 52 5.10.2 Common applications 52 5.10.3 Limitations . 53 5.10.4 Interference . 53 5.10.5 Poisoning 53 6 Selection of apparatus equipment 53 6.1 General . 53 6.2 Selection criteria . 54 6.2.1 General criteria 54 6.2.2 Gases to be detected by the apparatus equipment 55 6.2.3 Intended Applicat
22、ion of the apparatus fixed equipment . 56 4 IEC 60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 6.2.4 Application of transportable and portable equipment 60 6.3 Miscellaneous factors affecting selection of apparatus equipment . 61 6.3.1 Electromagnetic immunity 61 6.3.2 Intended Zone(s) of use . 61 7 Behaviour of gas
23、releases . 61 7.1 Nature of a release . 61 7.1.1 General . 61 7.1.2 Release rate of gas or vapour 62 7.1.3 Flammable limits 62 7.1.4 Ventilation . 63 7.1.5 Relative density of the released gas or vapour. 63 7.1.6 Temperature and/or pressure. 63 7.1.7 Other parameters to be considered 63 7.1.8 Outdoo
24、r sites and open structures . 64 7.2 Buildings and enclosures 64 7.2.1 General . 64 7.2.2 Unventilated buildings and enclosures . 64 7.2.3 Ventilated buildings and enclosures 64 7.3 Environmental considerations . 65 8 Design and installation of fixed gas detection systems . 66 8.1 General . 66 8.2 B
25、asic considerations for the installation of fixed systems 66 8.2.1 General . 66 8.2.2 Point detection equipment and remote sensors 67 8.2.3 Systems consisting of sampling equipment 67 8.2.4 Open path (line of sight) equipment . 67 8.3 Location of detection points 68 8.3.1 General . 68 8.3.2 General
26、site considerations . 68 8.3.3 Environmental conditions . 69 8.4 Access for calibration and maintenance 71 8.5 Additional considerations for sample lines . 72 8.6 Additional considerations for open path equipment . 73 8.7 Summary of considerations for the location of sensors or sampling measuring po
27、ints and open paths 73 8.8 Installation of sensors measuring point and open path equipment . 74 8.9 Integrity and safety of fixed systems . 74 8.9.1 General . 74 8.9.2 Redundancy in fixed systems. 75 8.9.3 Protection against loss of main power supply . 75 8.10 Timing of installation during construct
28、ion operations . 75 8.11 Commissioning . 75 8.11.1 Inspection 75 8.11.2 Initial gas calibration 76 8.11.3 Adjustment of alarm set points . 76 8.12 Operating instructions, plans and records . 77 9 Use of portable and transportable flammable gas detection apparatus equipment . 77 9.1 General . 77 IEC
29、60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 5 9.2 Initial and periodic check procedures for portable and transportable instrumentation . 79 9.2.1 General . 79 9.2.2 Inspection and field functional checks (response check) . 79 9.2.3 Routine checks tests and recalibration . 80 9.2.4 Maintenance and recalibration . 8
30、1 9.3 Guidance on the use of portable and transportable apparatus equipment 81 9.3.1 Electrical safety in hazardous atmospheres . 81 9.3.2 Safety of personnel 81 9.3.3 Spot tests and sampling 82 9.3.4 Sampling above liquids 82 9.3.5 Avoidance of condensation 82 9.3.6 Poisoning of sensors . 83 9.3.7
31、Changes of temperature 83 9.3.8 Accidental damage 83 9.3.9 Minimalist operation, the “Read and run” concept 83 10 Training of operational personnel 84 10.1 General . 84 10.2 General training Basic limitations and safety 84 10.3 Operator training . 85 10.4 Maintenance training . 85 11 Maintenance, ro
32、utine procedures and general administrative control . 85 11.1 General . 85 11.2 Operational checks . 87 11.2.1 General . 87 11.2.2 Fixed systems . 87 11.2.3 Portable and transportable gas detection apparatus equipment . 88 11.3 Maintenance . 89 11.3.1 General . 89 11.3.2 Fixed apparatus equipment 89
33、 11.3.3 Portable and transportable gas detection apparatus equipment . 89 11.3.4 Off-site maintenance, general 89 11.3.5 Maintenance procedures 90 11.4 Sensors 90 11.4.1 General . 90 11.4.2 Flame arrestor . 90 11.5 Flow systems 90 11.5.1 General . 90 11.5.2 Inspection 91 11.5.3 Filters, traps and fl
34、ame arrestors . 91 11.5.4 Flow system and sample chamber . 91 11.5.5 Flow connections . 91 11.5.6 Moving parts 91 11.5.7 Automatic sample-draw systems 91 11.5.8 Trouble Loss-of-flow signals . 91 11.6 Readout devices . 91 11.6.1 General . 91 11.6.2 Other readouts 91 11.7 Alarms 92 6 IEC 60079-29-2:20
35、15 RLV IEC 2015 11.8 Workshop calibration test and equipment Calibration . 92 11.8.1 Calibration kits and test equipment 92 11.8.2 Conduct of workshop calibration testing Calibration procedure 93 (normative) Measuring principles . 95 Annex A A.1 General . 95 A.2 Catalytic sensors 97 A.2.1 General .
36、97 A.2.2 Common applications 98 A.2.3 Limitations . 98 A.2.4 Interferences . 99 A.2.5 Poisoning 99 A.3 Thermal conductivity sensors 100 A.3.1 General . 100 A.3.2 Common applications 100 A.3.3 Limitations . 101 A.3.4 Interferences . 101 A.3.5 Poisoning 101 A.4 Infrared sensors 102 A.4.1 General . 102
37、 A.4.2 Common applications 104 A.4.3 Limitations . 105 A.4.4 Interferences . 105 A.4.5 Poisoning 105 A.5 Semi-conductor sensors 105 A.5.1 General . 105 A.5.2 Common applications 106 A.5.3 Limitations . 106 A.5.4 Interferences . 107 A.5.5 Poisoning 107 A.6 Electrochemical sensors . 107 A.6.1 General
38、. 107 A.6.2 Common applications 108 A.6.3 Limitations . 108 A.6.4 Interferences . 109 A.6.5 Poisoning 109 A.7 Flame ionization detectors (FID) . 109 A.7.1 General . 109 A.7.2 Common applications 110 A.7.3 Limitations . 111 A.7.4 Interferences . 111 A.7.5 Poisoning 111 A.8 Flame temperature analysers
39、 (FTA) 111 A.8.1 General . 111 A.8.2 Common applications 112 A.8.3 Limitations . 112 A.8.4 Interferences . 112 A.8.5 Poisoning 112 A.9 Photo ionisation detector (PID) . 112 A.9.1 General . 112 IEC 60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 7 A.9.2 Common applications 113 A.9.3 Limitations . 113 A.9.4 Interference
40、s . 114 A.9.5 Poisoning 114 A.10 Paramagnetic oxygen detector 114 A.10.1 General . 114 A.10.2 Common applications 115 A.10.3 Limitations . 115 A.10.4 Interference . 115 A.10.5 Poisoning 115 (informative) Environmental parameters . 116 Annex B(informative) Typical environmental and application check-
41、list for flammable Annex C gas detectors (for both Group I and Group II equipment) 117 (informative) Typical instrument maintenance record for flammable gas Annex D detectors 119 Annex E (informative) Atmospheric visibility (applicable to open path equipment) 121 Bibliography 122 Figure 1 Integral c
42、oncentration over the path length. 38 Figure 2 Average concentration over the path length . 39 Table 1 Typical Tasks and Most Relevant Causes . 12 Table 2 Overview of gas detection apparatus equipment with different measuring principles 40 Table A.1 Overview of gas detection apparatus equipment with
43、 different measuring principles 96 Table B.1 Environmental parameters . 116 8 IEC 60079-29-2:2015 RLV IEC 2015 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES Part 29-2: Gas detectors Selection, installation, use and maintenance of detectors for flammable gases and oxygen FOREWORD
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