1、Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 11Physical Properties DataSection 4Properties of Reference MaterialsPart 1Density of Water and Water Volumetric Correction Factors for Water Calibration of Volumetric ProversSECOND EDITION, JULY 2018Special NotesAPI publications necessarily address pr
2、oblems of a general nature. With respect to particular circumstances, local,state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make anywarranty or representation, either express or implied, wit
3、h respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of theinformation contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of anyinformation or process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of APIs employees, subcontractors,consultants,
4、 or other assignees represent that use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them; however, the Institute
5、makes no representation, warranty, orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication mayconflict.API publicati
6、ons are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven, sound engineering and operatingpractices. These publications are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgmentregarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The formulation and publication o
7、f API publicationsis not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standardis solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API
8、does not represent,warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.Users of this publication should not rely exclusively on the information contained in this document. Sound business,scientific, engineering, and safety judgment should be used in employing t
9、he information contained herein.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees, and others exposed, concerning health and safety risks and precautions, nor undertaking theirobligations to comply with authorities
10、 having jurisdiction.All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publ
11、ishing Services, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005.Copyright 2018 American Petroleum InstituteForewordNothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, for themanufacture, sale, or use of any method, apparatus, or product covered by
12、 letters patent. Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patents.Shall: As used in a standard, “shall” denotes a minimum requirement in order to conform to the specification.Should: As used in a standard, “shou
13、ld” denotes a recommendation or that which is advised but not required in orderto conform to the specification.May: As used in a standard, “may” denotes a course of action permissible within the limits of a standard.Can: As used in a standard, “can” denotes a statement of possibility or capability.T
14、his document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification andparticipation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning theinterpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions concerning the p
15、rocedures under whichthis publication was developed should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American PetroleumInstitute, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any partof the material published herein should also be addre
16、ssed to the director.Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at least every five years. A one-timeextension of up to two years may be added to this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from theAPI Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-800
17、0. A catalog of API publications and materials is publishedannually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20005.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW,Washington, DC 20005, standardsapi.org.iiiContentsPa
18、ge1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Significance and Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Implementation Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 Representative Density Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 Absolute Density of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.3 Correction for Temperature on Water (CTL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46.4 Correction for Pressure on Water (CPL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56.5 Correction for Temperature and Pressure on Liquid (CTPL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66.6 Flowing Density (tp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.7 CTDW Correction Factor for Volumetric Provers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76.8 Other Influence Factors on Water Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Discrimination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.1 Water Density (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.2 CTDW (USC Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.3 Water Density (SI Units) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108.4 CTDW (SI Units). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Annex A (informative) Representative Density Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Annex B (informative) Reference Standard Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Annex C (informative) Basis for Water Density Equation Selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Annex D (informative) Uncertainty Calculations for CTL, CPL, CTPL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30、 . . . . . . . . . 17Tables1 Reference Water Densities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Significant Digits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8vChapter 11Physical Properties Data Section 4Properties of Reference Materials Part 1Density of Water and Water Volumetric Correction Factors for Water Calibration of Volumetric Provers 1 Introduction This standard specifies the density of water eq
32、uation to be used in all applicable API MPMS standards. It also specifies the volume correction factor equation for water and demonstrates its use for water calibration of provers and pycnometers. 2 Scope This standard is applicable to all API standards that use the density of water or its volume co
33、rrection factors. 3 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. API MPMS Chapter 1
34、1.5 (all parts), Density/Weight/Volume Intraconversions H. Wagenbreth and H. Blanke, “The Density of Water in the International System of Units and in the International Practical Temperature Scale of 1968,” Mitteilungen der Physikalish-Technischen Bunde-sanstalt (PTBMitt), 412-415, June 1971. G.S. K
35、ell, Journal of Chemical Engineering Data, 1967, 12, 6669; ibid, 1975, 20, 97105. N. Bignell, “The Effect of Dissolved Air on the Density of Water,” Metrologia, 1983, 19, 5759. J.B. Patterson and E.C. Morris, “Measurement of Absolute Water Density,” Metrologia, 31, 277288, 1994. M. Tanaka, G. Girard
36、 R. Davis, A. Peuto, and N. Bignell, “Recommended table for the density of water between 0 C and 40 C based on recent experimental reports,” Metrologia, 38, 301309, 2001. W. Wagner and A. Pruss, “The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties of Ordinary Water Substance for General Sci
37、entific Use,” Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 31, 2, 387535, 2002. World Health Organization, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4thEdition, 2011. ASTM D11932006 1, Specification for Reagent Water 1ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428,
38、 www.astm.org. 2 API MPMS CHAPTER 11.4.1 4 Definitions 4.1 density, absolute The density of a solid or liquid substance at a specified temperature is the mass of the substance occupying unit volume at the specified temperature. Density as so defined is sometimes referred to as “true density“ or “den
39、sity in vacuo.“ When reporting density, the units of mass and volume used and the temperature of the determination must be stated (for example, grams per milliliter at t degrees C). 4.2 correction for temperature on liquid CTL Compensates for the effect of temperature on a liquid. 4.3 correction for
40、 pressure on liquid CPL Compensates for the effect of pressure on a liquid. 4.4 correction for temperature and pressure on liquid CTPL Volume correction for the effect of temperature and pressure on the density of a liquid (CTPL = CTL CPL). 4.5 correction for temperature difference of water CTDW Cor
41、rection for the effect of the difference in temperature of the water between the prover and the test measure during the prover calibration. 4.6 compressibility of liquid F The change in volume per unit of volume of a liquid caused by a unit change in pressure at constant temperature. 5 Significance
42、and Use A prior standard (API MPMS 11.2.3, 1984), which the first edition of this Standard replaced, was based on the internationally accepted work of Wagenbreth and Blanke, which produced a density of 999.012 kg/m3 at 15.5556 C (60 F) and 101.325 kPa (14.696 psia). In 1994, Patterson and Morris pub
43、lished a paper proposing a new equation based on their laboratory data of VSMOW (see Annex B), which was accepted by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This standard, based on the Patterson and Morris work, is applicable between 1 C and 40 C (33.8 F and 104 F) at standar
44、d pressure; 101.325 kPa (14.696 psia). This standard also provides an equation for the compressibility of water based on a compressibility equation contained in a 2001 Tanaka paper. The range of applicability is for gauge pressures of 0 kPa to 10,000 kPa (0 psig to 1450 psig) for water temperatures
45、between 1 C and 40 C (33.8 F and 104 F). Specific applications include: determination of base prover volumes (BPV); SECTION 4, PART 1DENSITY OF WATER AND WATER VOLUMETRIC CORRECTION FACTORS FOR WATER CALIBRATION OF VOLUMETRIC PROVERS 3 determination of pycnometer base volumes (PBV); conversions betw
46、een liquid density units; calculation of water content based on fluid and water density. For applications outside the range of applicability of this standard, the more comprehensive water density standard by Wagner and Pruss (2002) is recommended. 6 Implementation Procedures 6.1 Representative Densi
47、ty Values Representative density values are presented, at standard pressure 101.325 kPa (14.696 psia), for U.S. customary (USC) and International System of Units (SI) units in Annex A for calculation verification purposes. 6.2 Absolute Density of Water This standard is based on the Patterson and Mor
48、ris work for water density at standard pressure, which is applicable for the temperature range 1 C to 40 C (33.8 F to 104 F). The following equation expresses the density of water, at standard pressure 101.325 kPa (14.696 psia), as a function of temperature in degrees Celsius (C): t0234 51 (A B C D
49、E )= +tt t t t (1) Where: t= density at temperature t and 101.325 kPa, in kg/m30 = density at temperature t0, 999.973 58 kg/m3 t = t t0 t=temperature, in C t0= 3.9818 C A = 7.0134 10-8(C-1) B = 7.926 504 10-6(C-2) C = -7.575 677 10-8(C-3) D = 7.314 894 10-10(C-4) E = -3.596 458 10-12(C-5) For temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit (F), calculate t in the above equation using equation (2): 0( F 32)1.8=tt (2) 4 API MPMS CHAPTER 11.4.1 Where: F =temperature, in F The 1 uncertainty of this formulation i
