1、Designation: E1274 18Standard Test Method forMeasuring Pavement Roughness Using a Profilograph1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1274; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of pavementroughness using an articulated multi-wheeled profilograph atleast 23 ft (7 m) long (
3、Fig. 1 is typical).1.2 This test method utilizes a surface record made bymoving the profilograph longitudinally over the pavement atless than 3 mph (5 km/hr). The record is analyzed to determinethe rate of roughness and to identify bumps that exceed aspecified threshold.1.3 The values stated in inch
4、-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is th
5、eresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 6 for specific hazard statement.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with int
6、ernationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E29
7、55 Practice for Simulating Profilograph Response toLongitudinal Profiles of Traveled Surfaces3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 blanking banda band of uniform height with itslongitudinal center positioned optimally between the highs andlows of the surface record d
8、epicting at least 100 ft (30 m) ofpavement (see Fig. 2).3.1.2 cutoff heighta specified distance of a high on thesurface record from a chord representing 25 ft (7.5 m) on thelongitudinal scale. The chord may represent less than 25 ft(7.5 m) if it is from the lows on each side of the high (see Fig.2).
9、3.1.3 rate of roughnesssum of the roughness divided bythe longitudinal distance covered by the blanking band.3.1.4 roughnessheight of each continuous scallop roundedto the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm), except those less than 0.03 in.(0.8 mm) vertically and 2 ft (0.6 m) longitudinally.3.1.5 scallopsexcurs
10、ions of the surface record above andbelow the blanking band (see Fig. 2).4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring theroughness of new or rehabilitated pavements. Results maydiffer between profilographs of different designs and thereforewill not necessarily agree wit
11、h roughness measurements byother profilographs or other roughness-measuring equipment.5. Apparatus5.1 Profilographs:5.1.1 With Uniformly Spaced WheelsA reference platformcomprised of dollies articulated by rigid members or trusses sothat all the wheels are supporting the profilograph. There mustbe a
12、t least twelve reference platform wheels, and the axes ofthese wheels must be uniformly spaced throughout the effec-tive length of the profilograph.3The effective length must be atleast 23 ft (7 m) long. A surface sensing wheel and recordershall be located at the center of the reference platform. Th
13、ediameter of the surface sensing wheel shall be at least 6 in.(150 mm). If the recorder is graphic, its scales shall be 1:1vertically and 1:300 longitudinally (1 in. = 25 ft). If therecorder is digital (optional analog display must have the samescales as the graphic recorder), it must sample 5 times
14、/1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle- Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.31 onMethods for Measuring Profile and Roughness.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published January 2018. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previo
15、us edition approved in 2017 as E1274 03 (2017).DOI: 10.1520/E1274-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM
16、website.3Hankins, Kenneth D., “Construction Control Profilograph Principles,” Re-search Report 49-1, Texas Highway Department, June 1967.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accor
17、dance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1longitudinal inch of travel and
18、record the relative height of thesurface to at least the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm).5.1.2 With Non-Uniformly Spaced WheelsIt shall be asdescribed in 5.1.1, except the axes of the reference-platformwheels are not uniformly spaced but are at least 1 ft (0.3 m)apart so no two wheels cross the same bump
19、 at the same time.The recorder can be located elsewhere, but surface sensingequipment must be located at the center of the referenceplatform. A common apparatus with non-uniformly spacedwheels is the California profilograph.5.1.3 There are differences in frequency responses betweenprofilographs with
20、 uniformly spaced wheels and profilographswith non-uniformly spaced wheels (see Fig. 3).5.2 Blanking Band Template (optional)Approximately2-in. (50-mm) wide clear plastic strip at least 4 in. (100 mm)long. A common length is 21.12 in. The center of the templateis marked with an opaque strip the widt
21、h of the stipulatedblanking band throughout its length and with lines every 0.1 in.(2 mm) above and below the blanking band.5.3 Excessive Height Template (optional)Clear plasticpiece marked with a 1.00 6 0.02-in. (25.0 6 0.5-mm) line thatis the stipulated cutoff height distance from a straight edge
22、onthe template. Two small holes may be drilled to fix the ends ofthe line (see Fig. 2).6. Hazards6.1 Since profilographs in the testing mode are moved nofaster than 3 mph (5 km/hr), do not operate near traffic withoutproper traffic control devices and use procedures that ensurethe safety of testing
23、personnel and the public.7. Sampling7.1 Take profilograph recordings 3.5 6 0.5 ft (1.0 6 0.2 m)from and parallel to both edges of the pavement and to bothsides of each planned longitudinal joint or in each plannedwheel path.7.2 Any exceptions to these sampling requirements (forexample, 25 ft from ea
24、ch bridge) must be stipulated.8. Calibration8.1 Height Recording:8.1.1 Place gauge blocks of 0.5 in. (10 mm) and 1.5 in.(60 mm) under the surface sensing wheel. The record mustindicate the actual height of each platform within 60.02 in.(0.5 mm).8.1.2 Verify the standardization of the height recordin
25、gbefore any week of use, whenever the profilograph is re-assembled and whenever there is evidence of possible inaccu-racy.8.2 Distance Recording:8.2.1 Mark a distance of 100.00 ft (30.00 m) on reasonablyeven pavement. Move the profilograph forward until a particu-lar point is at the first mark and m
26、ake the recorder mark theevent on the record. Move the profilograph forward again untilthe point is at the second mark and make the recorder to markthis event, too. The record must indicate 100 6 1 ft (30.0 60.3 m) between the two events (4.00 6 0.04 in. on graphicrecord).FIG. 1 Typical Profilograph
27、NOTE 1Fig. 2 is graphic for visual reading. It can be digital forcomputer input.FIG. 2 Surface RecordE1274 1828.2.2 Verify the standardization of the distance recordingbefore any month of use and whenever there is evidence ofpossible inaccuracy.9. Procedure9.1 Clear the intended profilograph path of
28、 all loose materialand foreign objects.9.2 If possible, move the profilograph about 30 ft (10 m)forward to the starting point. Once there, initialize the recorderand make beginning notations.9.3 Move the profilograph forward no faster than 3 mph(5 km hr), steering it to stay within that prescribed s
29、amplingpath. Pertinent observation about surveyed location or unusualconditions may be made on the record only as they occur.Observe the recorder for any unusual operation.9.4 Upon completion of a sampling path, make endingnotations and review the recording for reasonableness. Repeatthe procedure fo
30、r successive sampling paths.10. CalculationNOTE 1Calculations can be done manually with the blanking bandand excessive height templates or electronically with routines in acomputer. Refer to Practice E2955 for further details on numericalsimulation of profilograph and trace reduction methods such as
31、 blankingbands and bump templates.10.1 Apply the blanking band to successive lengths of thesurface record. Determine the roughness from each scallop.NOTE 1This figure comes from Walker, Roger S., and H.-T. Lin, The University of Texas at Arlington, Research Project 8-10-87-569, “Correlationof Califo
32、rnia and Rainhart Profilographs with PSI,” conducted for Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation in cooperation withthe U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal HighwayAdministration. The two graphs on the first row of Fig. 3 are referenced to California profilograhwith non-un
33、iformly spaced wheels. The two graphs on the second row of Fig. 3 are referenced to Rainhart profilograh with uniformly spaced wheels.FIG. 3 Computer Simulation of Profilograph Responses to Sinusoidal Inputs of Different Periods (Wavelengths)E1274 183Add all roughness for each stipulated segment. Fr
34、om thesurface record, determine the longitudinal distance between thefarthest points of the beginning and ending scallops or absencethereof. Divide the result of the addition by the correspondinglongitudinal distance to calculate the rate of roughness for thatsegment of that path.10.2 Apply the exce
35、ssive height chord to the top of eachwave on the surface record. Identify all bumps that areexcessively high by their locations.11. Report11.1 The following information shall be given for eachspecific application:11.1.1 Height of blanking band to nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm),(for example, 0.1 or 0.2 in.)
36、,11.1.2 Cutoff height to the nearest 0.05 in. (1 mm), (forexample, 0.3 in.),11.1.3 Profilograph with or without uniformly spaced refer-ence platform wheels, and11.1.4 Length of each segment for which the rate ofroughness is calculated.12. Precision and Bias12.1 The precision and bias of this test me
37、thod are beingdetermined.13. Keywords13.1 graphic surface record; pavement; roughnessASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
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